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 ELECTION LAW
1987 Philippine Constitution | Omnibus Election Code

I. SUFFRAGE
A.​ Concept
1.​ Definition
2.​ Scope
i.​ Election
ii.​ Plebiscite
iii.​ Initiative

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iv.​ Referendum

Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Paras vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 123169, November 04, 1996
●​ Santiago vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997
●​ Lambino vs. Comelec, G.R. NO. 174153, October 25, 2006
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B.​ Qualification and Disqualification of Voters
1.​ Under Sec. 1, Art. V, 1987 Constitution
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2.​ Qualifications in General

i.​ Filipino citizen by birth or naturalization
ii.​ At least 18 years of age at the time of the election
iii.​ Resident of the Philippines for at least one (1) year
iv.​ Resident of the place wherein they propose to vote for at least six (6)
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months immediately preceding the election

v.​ Not otherwise disqualified by law.....256
3.​ Disqualifications in General
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Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Kabataan Party-list vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 221318, December 16, 2015
●​ Aquino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120265, September 18, 1995
●​ Caballero vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 209835, September 22, 2015
●​ Romualdez-marcos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 119976, September 18, 1995
●​ Pundaodaya vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 179313, September 17, 2009

C.​ Registration and Deactivation

1.​ Registration of Voters
i.​ Election Registration Board (ERB)
ii.​ System of Continuing Registration of Voters
iii.​ Validation
iv.​ Manner of Registration for Illiterate or Disabled Voters [Sec. 14, R.A.

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 No. 8189]
v.​ When the List of Voters will be Altered
2.​ Deactivation
3.​ Reactivation [Sec. 28, R.A. 8189]
4.​ Cancellation of Registration
5.​ Annulment of Book of Voters
6.​ New Voters
7.​ Transfer of Residence

Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Yra vs. AbaÑo, G.R. No. 30187, November 15, 1928
●​ People vs. Corral, G. R. No. 42300, January 31, 1936
●​ Akbayan - Youth vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001

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●​ Kabataan Party-list vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 221318, December 16, 2015
●​ Palatino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 189868, December 15, 2009

D.​ Inclusion and Exclusion Proceedings

1.​ Jurisdiction in Inclusion and Exclusion Case [Sec. 33, R.A. No. 8189]
2.​ Petition for Inclusion and Exclusion of Voters in the List [Secs. 34-35, R.A. No.
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8189]
3.​ Special Rules on Overseas Absentee Voters [Sec. 9.3, R.A. No. 9189 as
inserted by R.A. 10590; Sec. 9.1, R.A. 9189 as inserted by R.A. 10590]
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Relevant Jurisprudence: Domino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 134015, July 19, 1999

E.​ Local and Overseas Absentee Voting [Sec. 3(a), R.A. No. 9189, The Overseas
Absentee Voting Act, as amended by R.A. No. 10590, The Overseas Voting Act of
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2013]
1.​ General Rule
2.​ Exceptions
3.​ Qualifications
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4.​ Disqualifications

F.​ Detainee Voting

G.​ Escorted Voting

II. CANDIDACY
A.​ Qualifications and Disqualifications of Candidates
1.​ Qualifications
2.​ Disqualifications

B.​ Filing of Certificates of Candidacy

1.​ Effect of Filing
i.​ Appointive Officials

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 ii.​ Elective Officials
2.​ Substitution and Withdrawal of Candidates
3.​ Nuisance Candidates
4.​ Effect of Disqualification
5.​ Duties of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC)

Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Frivaldo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996
●​ Labo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 105111, July 03, 1992
●​ Jalosjos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 191970, April 24, 2012
●​ Grego vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 125955, June 19, 1997
●​ Mercado vs. Manzano, G.R. No. 135083, May 26, 1999
●​ Japzon vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 180088, January 19, 2009

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●​ Macquiling vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, July 02, 2013
●​ Rodriguez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120099, July 24, 1996
●​ Limbona vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 181097, June 25, 2008
●​ Talaga vs. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 196804 & 197015, October 09, 2012
●​ Recabo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 134293, June 21, 1999
●​ COMELEC Resolution No. 10430
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●​ Timbol vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 206004, February 24, 2015
●​ Zapanta vs. Commission On Elections, G.R. No. 233016, March 05, 2019
●​ Marquez vs. Commission On Elections, G.R. No. 244274, September 03, 2019
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●​ Codilla vs. De Venecia, G.R. No. 150605, December 10, 2002

●​ Ejercito vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 212398, November 25, 2014
●​ Aratea vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 195229, October 09, 2012

III. CAMPAIGN
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A.​ Concept
1.​ Definition
2.​ Regulations
3.​ Prohibitions
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4.​ Period
5.​ Equal Access to Media, Time, and Space
i.​ Print advertisements [Sec. 6.1, R.A. No. 9006]
ii.​ TV advertisements [Sec. 6.2, R.A. No. 9006]
iii.​ Radio advertisements [Sec. 6.2, R.A. No. 9006]
6.​ Right to Reply
7.​ Required Submissions to the COMELEC [Sec. 6.2 and 6.3, R.A. No. 9006]
8.​ Application for Rallies, Meetings and Other Political Activity

Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Diocese Of Bacolod vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
●​ Social Weather Stations vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147571, May 05, 2001
●​ Abs-cbn Broadcasting vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000

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 B.​ Premature Campaigning

C.​ Contributions
1.​ Prohibited Contributions
2.​ Prohibited Fund-Raising Activities [Sec. 97, B.P. Blg. 881]
3.​ Prohibited Donations [Sec. 104. B.P. Blg. 881]

D.​ Lawful and Prohibited Election Propaganda

1.​ Lawful Election Propaganda
2.​ Prohibited Acts
i.​ For any foreigner: [Sec. 81, B.P. Blg. 881]
ii.​ For any person during the campaign period: [Sec. 83, B.P. Blg. 881]

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iii.​ For any candidate, political party, organization or any person: [Sec. 89,
B.P. Blg. 881]

E.​ Limitations on Expenses

1.​ Lawful Expenditures
2.​ For Candidates [Sec. 13, R.A. No. 7166]
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3.​ For Political Parties

Relevant Jurisprudence: Ejercito vs. Comelec, supra

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F.​ Statement of Contributions and Expenses (SOCE) [Sec. 14, R.A. No. 7166]
Relevant Jurisprudence: Pilar vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 115245, July 11, 1995

IV. REMEDIES AND JURISDICTION

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A.​ Petition to Deny Due Course or Cancel a Certificate of Candidacy

1.​ For any False Material Representation [Sec. 78, OEC]
2.​ For Nuisance Candidates [Sec. 69, OEC]
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Relevant Jurisprudence: Villafuerte vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 206698, February 25,
2014

B.​ Petition for Disqualification

1.​ Grounds under Par. 1, Sec. 68, OEC
2.​ Grounds under Par. 2, Sec. 68, OEC
3.​ Grounds under Sec. 12, OEC
4.​ Grounds under Sec. 40, LGC for Local Elective Positions

Relevant Jurisprudence: Francisco vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 230249, April 24, 2018

C.​ Failure of Election, Call for Special Election

1.​ Failure of Election

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 2.​ Annulment of Election Results

Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Borja vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, September 03, 1998
●​ Abayon vs. Hret, G.R. No. 222236, May 03, 2016
●​ Loong vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999

D.​ Pre-Proclamation Controversy

1.​ Illegal Composition of the Board of Canvassers
2.​ Illegal Proceedings of the Board of Canvassers
3.​ When and Where to File PreProclamation Controversy
4.​ Effect of Filing of Pre- Proclamation Controversy

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Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Chavez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 105323, July 03, 1992
●​ Pimentel vs. Comelec, G. R. No. 178413, March 13, 2008
●​ Sanchez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 78461, August 12, 1987
●​ Matalam vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 123230, April 18, 1997
●​ Alfonso vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 107847, June 02, 1994
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●​ Ututalum vs. Comelec, G.R. Nos. 84843-44, January 22, 1990
●​ Gallardo vs. Rimando, G.R. No. 91718, July 13, 1990
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E.​ Election Contest

1.​ Election Protest
2.​ Quo Warranto

Relevant Jurisprudence:
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●​ Samad vs. Comelec, G.R. Nos. 107854 & 108642, July 16, 1993
●​ Gardiner vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 8921, January 09, 1914
●​ De Castro vs. Ginete, G.R. No. L-30058, March 28, 1969
●​ Saquilayan vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 157249, November 28, 2003
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●​ Soller vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 139853, September 05, 2000

●​ Nuval vs. Guray, G.R. No. 30241, December 29, 1928
●​ Lokin vs. Comelec, G.R. Nos. 179431-32, June 22, 2010
●​ Camlian vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 124169, April 18, 1997
●​ Santos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 155618, March 26, 2003

F.​ Recall
Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Garcia vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 111511, October 05, 1993
●​ Angobung vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 126576, March 05, 1997
●​ Paras vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 123169, November 04, 1996
●​ Claudio vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 140560, May 04, 2000

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V. PROSECUTION OF ELECTION OFFENSES
A.​ Jurisdiction over Election Offenses
B.​ Preferential Disposition of Election Offenses
1.​ Election Offenses
2.​ Penalties
C.​ Arrests in Connection with Election Campaign
D.​ Prescription
E.​ Grant of Transactional Immunity
F.​ Prohibited Acts under R.A. 9369

Relevant Jurisprudence:
●​ Kilosbayan vs. Comelec, G.R No. 128054, October 16, 1997
●​ Javier vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 215847, January 12, 2016

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●​ Causing vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 199139, September 09, 2014

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