COMPLETE STATIC G.

K
BY DK. AGRAWAL

Indian Classical Awards & Cultural Facts

Dances • Abhinandan Saroj Award → National
award for classical dance
• Sangeet Natak Akademi (HQ: New • Nataraja → Dance form of Lord Shiva;
Delhi) originally recognized 8 classical dancers worship Nataraja before
dances. performance
• Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India now
recognizes 9 classical dance forms.
• Latest (9th) Classical Dance → Chhau
Dance
List of Classical Dances
No. Dance Form State / Region
Chhau Dance 1 Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu
2 Mohiniyattam Kerala
• Initially placed in semi-classical.
3 Kathak Uttar Pradesh
• Later declared classical by the Ministry of
Culture. 4 Odissi Odisha
5 Manipuri Manipur
Types of Chhau Dance 6 Kuchipudi Andhra Pradesh
7 Sattriya Assam
1. Seraikella Chhau – Jharkhand
2. Mayurbhanj Chhau – Odisha 8 Kathakali Kerala
3. Purulia Chhau – West Bengal Jharkhand / Odisha / West
9 Chhau
Bengal

Scriptural Basis Bharatanatyam – The

• Described in Natya Shastra by Bharata Oldest Classical Dance of India
Muni
• Natya Shastra = 5th Veda • Old Name: Sadir
• Oldest Classical Dance → • Style: Ekaharya → performed solo by one
Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu) artist
• Newest Classical Dance → Sattriya • Scriptural Source: Abhinaya Darpana by
(Assam) Nandikeshvara
o Origin: 15th century • Origin: Tamil Nadu (South India)
o Declared Classical in 2000 • Main Temple: Chidambaram Temple
• Meaning of Name: Derived from
Mahabharata
 • Religious Context: Performed by No. Personality Contribution / Note
Devadasis (women temple dancers) in
1 Leela Samson Renowned dancer
temples
• Features: Grace, precision, expressions, 2 Hema Malini Actress & dancer
storytelling Priyadarsini
3 Celebrated artist
Govind
Padma Vibhushan;
Padma
4 creator of
Subrahmanyam
Mudras (Gestures) Bharatanrityam style
S. K. Rajarathnam
5 Veteran teacher
• Bhava → Expression of feelings Saroja
• Rasa → Sentiment/essence of emotions 6 Ram Gopal Famous male dancer
(e.g., anger = symbol of Rudra)
Vyjayanthimala Actress, Bharatanatyam
7
Bali scholar
Kathakali &
8 Mallika Sarabhai
Bharatanatyam dancer
Music in Bharatanatyam Padma Shri, Padma
9 Mrinalini Sarabhai Bhushan; Google
• Uses Carnatic music (South Indian Doodle (2018)
Classical)
• North Indian dances generally use Nataraj Revived Andhra
10
Hindustani music Ramakrishna Natyam
11 Vijay Madhav Bharatanatyam dancer
Rukmini Devi Revived Bharatanatyam
12
Arundale after Devadasi system
Bharatanatyam Styles 13 T. Balasaraswati
Padma Vibhushan
(1977)
1. Vazhuvoor Style – Tamil Nadu Meenakshi
14 Famous Guru
2. Pandanallur Style – Tamil Nadu Sundaram Pillai
3. Thanjavur Style – Tamil Nadu Bharatanatyam &
Odissi; Padma Bhushan
15 Sonal Mansingh
(1992), Padma
Vibhushan (2003)
Bharatanatyam 16 Aparna Satheesan
Bharatanatyam &
Kuchipudi dancer
Performance Structure
Padma
17 Bharatnatyam creator
Subrahmanyam
1. Alarippu – Opening
2. Jatiswaram Internationally
18 Alarmel Valli
3. Shabdam acclaimed
4. Varnam Tanjore Quartet Creators of modern
5. Padam 19
(Brothers) format
6. Tillana – Final part Guru K.
7. Mangalam – Conclusion 20 Kalyanasundaram Padma Shri (2023)
Pillai
21 Kamala Lakshman Popular dancer
22 Radha Sridhar Famous teacher
Famous Personalities of
Bharatanatyam
 • Word Origin: “Katha” (story) → Art of
Mohiniyattam storytelling
• Basis: Drama, storytelling, expressions
(Dance of
Features of Kathak
Enchantment)
1. Complex hand gestures
• Dedicated to: Lord Vishnu 2. Expressive facial movements
• Reference Text: Vyavaharamala Patha 3. Fast & graceful footwork
• Name Origin: From “Mohini”
(enchantress) • Fusion of Indo-Persian dance elements
• Traditionally Performed by: Women • Includes Thumri and lyrical styles
• Performed both solo & in groups
Key Features
Historical Significance
1. Facial expressions (Abhinaya)
2. Hand gestures (Mudras) • Golden Age: 19th century, during Wajid
3. Graceful body movements Ali Shah’s reign
• Thaat: Basic standing posture of Kathak
• Music Tradition: Based on Carnatic • National Kathak Institute: Established in
music 1964

Instruments Used

• Veena Famous Kathak

• Murali (Flute)
• Mridangam Personalities
• Idakka (main percussion instrument)
1. Shambhu Maharaj – Teacher
Famous Personalities of 2. Birju Maharaj – Padma Vibhushan (1986),
Lucknow Gharana
Mohiniyattam
3. Lachhu Maharaj – Uncle of Birju Maharaj
4. Shobhana Narayan – Kathak dancer
1. Swathi Thirunal – Composer & Patron
5. Sukhdev Maharaj – Grandfather of Birju
2. Vallathol Narayana Menon – Poet &
Maharaj
Patron
6. Bindadin Maharaj – Master of Lucknow
3. Sunanda Nair – Dancer & Choreographer
Gharana
4. Gopika Varma – Leading performer
7. Achhan Maharaj – Father of Birju Maharaj
5. Kanak Rele – Founder of Nalanda Dance
8. Sitara Devi – “Nritya Samragyi”, Padma
Research Center
Shri (1973)
6. Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma –
9. Rohini Bhate – Dancer from Pune
Pioneer
10. Pt. Munnalal Shukla – Varanasi Gharana
7. Jayaprabha Menon – Performer
11. Nahid Siddiqui – Kathak dancer (Pakistan
8. Radha Dutta – Also Bharatanatyam
origin)
dancer
12. Uma Sharma – Kathak scholar
9. Pallavi Krishnan – Dance creator
13. Roshan Kumari – Jaipur Gharana
14. Maya Rao – Teacher & dancer
15. Anindita Niyogi Anam – Kathak dancer
16. Purushottam Dadheech – Padma Shri
Kathak (Classical (2020)
17. Narayan Prasad – Jaipur Gharana
Dance of North India) 18. Ishwari Prasad – Founder Guru of
Varanasi Gharana
19. Prerana Shrimali – Kathak dancer
• Origin: North India
 20. Nalini & Kamalini – Sisters, Padma Shri 8. Kelucharan Mohapatra – Padma Shri
(2022), SNA Awardees (1972), Padma Bhushan (1989), Padma
Vibhushan (2000)
9. Ratikant Mohapatra – Utkal Pratibha
Samman (2023)
10. Vinod Kevin Bachan – Contemporary
Special Facts (Birju dancer
Maharaj) 11. Ranjana Gauhar – Padma Shri awardee
12. Mayadhar Raut – Senior Guru
• Son of Achhan Maharaj 13. Ileana Citaristi – First foreign Odissi
• Nephew of Lachhu Maharaj dancer to receive Padma Shri (2006)
• Belonged to Lucknow Gharana
• Member of Kalka-Bindadin family

Manipuri –
Other Famous Kathak Devotional Dance of
Artists
Manipur
• Aditi Mangaldas
• Nandini Singh Key Features
• Kumudini Lakhia – Founder of Kadamb
School of Dance & Music • Based on Ras Leela (stories of Krishna &
Radha)
• Rhythmic, graceful, and soft movements
Odissi – Temple • Language: Meitei
• Performed on devotional themes and
Dance of Odisha festivals (e.g., Holi)
• Two traditions: Sankirtan and Ras
• Two styles: Jagois (Lasya – graceful) and
Key Features
Cholom (Tandava – vigorous)
• Based on Tribhangi posture (body
divided into three bends) Key Institution
• Deeply connected to Konark Sun Temple
• Only Indian classical dance shown in • Jawaharlal Nehru Manipuri Dance
Michael Jackson’s “Black or White” Academy, Imphal (est. 1954)
(1991)
• Famous for graceful movements, Famous Personalities of Manipuri
devotional themes, and temple tradition
1. Guru Bipin Singh – Padma Shri, Sangeet
Famous Personalities of Odissi Natak Akademi Award
2. Rajkumar Singhjit Singh – Padma Shri,
1. Sanjukta Panigrahi – Renowned dancer Padma Bhushan
2. Sonal Mansingh – Youngest Padma 3. Kalavati Devi – Sangeet Natak Akademi
Bhushan awardee (1992) Awardee
3. Kiran Sehgal – Leading artist 4. Guru Amubi Singh – Leading Guru
4. Sujata Mohapatra – Celebrated artist 5. Atamba Singh – Skilled artist
5. Niharika Mohanty – Contemporary artist 6. Nalakumar Singh – Senior artist
6. Leela Mohanty – Senior artist 7. Jhaveri Sisters (Nayana, Ranjana, Suvarna,
7. Madhavi Mudgal – Internationally Darshana)
recognized 8. Darshana Jhaveri – Padma Shri (2002)
9. Akham Lakshmi Devi – SNA Award
(2018)
 10. Maharaja Bhagyachandra – Patron of Ras 1. Elaborate makeup & costumes
Leela tradition 2. Kalasham (technical dance
sequences)
3. Silent acting (no dialogues)
4. Themes from Ramayana,
Mahabharata & Puranas
Kuchipudi – Dance • Represents the element: Ether (Akash)

of Andhra Pradesh Famous Personalities of Kathakali

Key Features 1. Kunchu Krishna Kurup – Kathakali expert

2. Vallathol Narayana Menon – Revivalist
• Origin: Kuchipudi village, Andhra 3. Madavoor Vasudevan Nair – Master artist
Pradesh 4. Mrinalini Sarabhai – Founder of Darpana
• Mainly based on stories of Krishna and Academy
Satyabhama 5. Uday Shankar – Blended Kathakali with
• Famous Play: Bhama Kalapam (by European theatre
Siddhendra Yogi, 17th century) 6. Shanta Rao – Performed solo form
• Combines storytelling, dialogues, 7. Milena Salvini – International promoter
graceful movements
• Kuchipudi Art Academy, Madras (est.
1963)

Famous Personalities of Kuchipudi

Sattriya –
1. Yamini Krishnamurti – Also performed
Devotional Dance of
Bharatanatyam
2. Radha Reddy – Padma Bhushan (2000)
Assam
3. Raja Reddy – Partner of Radha Reddy
4. Swapna Sundari – Famous artist Key Features
5. Vedantam Satyanarayana Sharma – Guru
6. Vempati Chinna Satyam – Reformer • Recognized as a Classical Dance in 2000
7. Padmaja Reddy – Noted dancer • Founder: Mahapurush Shankardev
8. Aparna Reddy – Artist • Performance place: Satras (Vaishnav
9. Bhavana Reddy – Young artist monasteries)
10. Siddhendra Yogi – Founder Acharya • Music: Borgeet (devotional songs)
11. Mallika Sarabhai – Padma Shri; also
Bharatanatyam dancer Famous Personalities of Sattriya
12. Shobha Naidu – “Kaliyuga Satyabhama”,
Padma Shri (2001) 1. Mahapurush Shankardev – Founder
2. Madhavdev – Disciple of Shankardev
3. Jatin Goswami – Scholar & promoter
4. Anita Sharma – Leading female artist

Kathakali – Royal 5.
6.
Bhupen Hazarika – Composer
Pradeep Chaliha – Performer

Dance of Kerala
Key Features
India’s 11 Classical
Origin: Kerala
•
• Name: “Katha” (story) + “Kali” Languages (Recognized
(performance)
• Characteristics: by Govt. of India)
Language Year of Recognition Language Year of Recognition
Tamil 2004 Marathi 2024
Sanskrit 2005 Pali 2024
Telugu 2008 Prakrit 2024
Kannada 2008 Assamese 2024
Malayalam 2013 Bengali 2024
Odia 2014

Major Folk Dances of India

• Chapeli
Ladakh
Gujarat
• Shondol
• Spao • Garba
• Cham Uttarakhand • Dandiya Raas →
• Lharna depicts Durga–
• Jabro • Bhotiya Mahishasura war
• Koshan • Langvir • Bhavai → also in
• Chholiya Dance Rajasthan
• Tippani
• Hudo → Tribal dance
• Siddi Dhamal → of
Jammu & Siddi tribe (African
Kashmir Haryana origin)
• Rathwa → performed
• Loor → performed in Holi
• Rouf → performed by
only by women
women during
• Phag
Eid/Ramzan
• Gugga
• Damhal
• Khoria
•
•
Hikat
Pather (Bhand Pather –
• Swang (also in UP & Rajasthan
Rajasthan)
folk theatre)
• Ghoomar → of Bhil
• Dhamal / Dhamali
tribe, performed in
Goddess Saraswati
worship
Punjab • Kalbeliya → Snake
Himachal charmers’ dance,
• Bhangra UNESCO (2010)
Pradesh • Gidda → performed at • Gulabo Sapera →
weddings Padma Shri (2016)
• Charba • Jhumar • Terah Taali
• Thoda → Martial art • Kikli • Kachhi Ghodi
style dance • Luddi • Chari Dance
• Dangi • Gatka → Martial art • Gair Dance
• Nati dance • Kathputli Dance
• Mohatsu (Puppet Dance)
• Jhali • Suiseni
 • Bhavai • Phagua
• Chang • Mundari Chhau Dance
• Santhali (9th Classical
• Domkach
• Saraikela Chhau Dance of India)
• Paika
Uttar Pradesh • Sohorai • Purulia Chhau → West
• Sarhul Bengal
• Raslila / Ramlila • Karma • Saraikela Chhau →
• Dhor Jharkhand
• Kajri • Mayurbhanj Chhau →
• Charkula Odisha

Chhattisgarh
• Gaur Maria
Sikkim • Raut Nacha West Bengal
• Sua (Parrot dance,
• Singhi Chham → Snow symbol of marriage) • Gambhira
leopard dance • Gendi • Jatra
• Yak Chham → related • Pandavani • Kirtan
to Yak • Saila • Purulia Chhau
• Chu Faat • Panthi • Alkap
• Rinchumsha
• Maruni
• Sikkimari
• Kagid → performed in
December Goa Maharashtra
• Tarangamel • Lavani
• Fugdi • Koli
• Dekhni • Tamasha
Madhya • Dhalo • Lezim
Pradesh • Ghodemodni • Powada
• Dhangar • Bohada
• Shigmo • Gafa
• Jawara
• Kumbi • Goricha Lalita
• Matki
• Dhangari
• Grida
• Dholacha
• Phulpatti

Odisha
Bihar • Daskathia Telangana
• Dalkhai
• Gotipua • Perini Shivathandavam
• Jat-Jatin
• Sambalpuri • Burra Katha
• Kajri
• Karma • Lambadi
• Phagua
• Mukteswari • Dhimsa
• Bidesia
• Jhumar • Gusadi
• Jhijhiya
• Bonalu
• Panbiriya
• Samachakewa

Andhra
Jharkhand Pradesh
 • Burra Katha 2. Kati Bihu • Lion & Peacock dance
• Butta Bommalu (Kongali) → (Monpa tribe)
• Kolattam Crop protection • Mask dance
• Andhra Natyam 3. Magh Bihu • Warido Chham
• Bathakamma (Bhogali) → • Rikham Pada
• Lambadi Harvest festival • Wancho
• Dhimsa • Bagurumba • Paku Ittu (Apatani
• Dappu • Deodhani tribe)
• Jhumar

Karnataka Nagaland
Meghalaya
• Yakshagana • Zeliang
• Dollu Kunitha • Shad Suk Mynsiem • Rengma
• Bhuta Aradhane • Laho • Chang Lo
• Kamsale • Nongkrem • Khemchin Lim
• Hattari • Wangala • Kuki
• Bayalata • Behdienkhlam • Sangpao
• Suggi • Doregata
• Karaga • Shad Mastieh →
Victory dance
Mizoram
Kerala • Cheraw (Bamboo
Manipur dance)
• Mudiyettu • Khuallam
• Mayilattam • Lai Haraoba • Chailam → during
• Kummi • Pung Cholom Chapchar Kut festival
• Theyyam • Jagoi • Solakia (Saralamkai)
• Kalaripayattu (martial • Shimla • Zangtalam
art dance) • Raukat
• Koodiyattam • Thang Ta
• Chakyar Koothu • Nupa
• Elakalakarradi
• Margamkali Tripura
• Hojagiri
Arunachal • Lebang (Harvest
Pradesh dance)
Assam • Bizhu
• Mamita
• Aji Lamu
• Bihu → 3 Types: • Goria
• Chalo
1. Bohag Bihu • Sangrai
• Popir
(Rongali) → • Hik-Hak
• Ponung
Spring/New
• Pasi Kongki
Year

Indian Musical Instruments & Associated

Personalities
 Akademi Award (1990), son of Ustad Alla
Sitar Rakha
• Gudai Maharaj
• Shujaat Khan • Kishan Maharaj
• Ustad Vilayat Khan → Padma Shri (1964), • Rudra Koi Maharaj
Padma Vibhushan (2000) • Faiyaz Khan
• Pandit Ravi Shankar • Pandit Jasraj
o Padma Bhushan – 1967 • Ustad Alla Rakha
o Padma Vibhushan – 1981
o Bharat Ratna – 1999 (India’s
Highest Civilian Award)
o Sangeet Natak Akademi Award –
1962 Sarod
o Sangeet Natak Akademi
Fellowship – 1975 • Zarin Sharma (Daruwala)
o Grammy Awards (5 times winner) • Hafiz Ali Khan → (CGL 2024)
▪ 1967 → West Meets East • Amjad Ali Khan → son of Hafiz Ali Khan
(with Yehudi Menuhin) o Padma Shri – 1975
▪ 1972 → Concert for o Padma Bhushan – 1991
Bangladesh (with George o Padma Vibhushan – 2001
Harrison) o Sangeet Natak Akademi Award –
▪ 2002 → Full Circle: 1989
Carnegie Hall 2000 o Performed “Raga for Peace” at
▪ 2013 → Best World Music Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony, Oslo
Album (Posthumous, shared (Norway) – 2014
with daughter Anoushka • Ustad Ali Akbar Khan
Shankar) • Ustad Allauddin Khan
▪ 2013 → Lifetime • Biswajit Roy Chowdhury
Achievement Grammy • Sharan Rani
Award (Posthumous) • Buddhadev Das (CGL 2024)
o Kalidas Samman – 1987 (Madhya • Rajeev Taranath
Pradesh Govt.) • Mukesh Sharma
o Ramon Magsaysay Award
(Philippines) – 1992
• Jaya Biswas
• Anoushka Shankar → Daughter of Pandit
Ravi Shankar Flute (Bansuri / Murli)
• Shahid Parvez
• Nikhil Banerjee • Pannalal Ghosh
• Buddhaditya Mukherjee • B. Kunju Mani
• Umashankar • Rajendra Kulkarni
• Bande Hasan • Rajendra Prasanna
• Arvind Parikh → Padma Bhushan • Rajesh Prasanna (MTS 2024)
• Rishabh Prasanna (MTS 2024)
• Hariprasad Chaurasia → Padma Shri
(1984), Padma Bhushan (1992), Padma
Vibhushan (2000), Sangeet Natak
Tabla Akademi Award (1984)
• Raghunath Seth
• Sukhvinder Singh
• Narendra Sharma
• Zakir Hussain → Padma Shri (1988),
Padma Bhushan (2002), Sangeet Natak
Shehnai
 • Ustad Bismillah Khan → Played Shehnai
on 15 August 1947 (Independence Day) Santoor
o Padma Shri – 1961
o Padma Bhushan – 1968 • Tarun Bhattacharya → Sangeet Natak
o Padma Vibhushan – 1980 Akademi Award (2012)
o Bharat Ratna – 2001 (India’s • Shiv Kumar Sharma → Padma Shri
Highest Civilian Award) (1991), Padma Bhushan (2001), Sangeet
o Sangeet Natak Akademi Award – Natak Akademi Award (1986)
1956 • Bhajan Sopori
• Ali Ahmed Hussain Khan
• Hari Singh
• Shailesh Bhagwat
• Daya Shankar Pakhawaj
• Gopal Das
• Chhatrapati Singh
Violin • Ramakant Pathak
• Arun Saiwal
• Vishnu Govind Jog
• Govind Swami Pillai
• T. N. Krishnan
•
•
Shishir Kana Choudhury
Dr. N. Rajan
Rudra Veena
• Sangeet Rajan
• Ustad Sadiq Ali Khan
• Suryadev Pawar
• Asad Ali Khan
• R. P. Shastri
• Ustad Zia Mohiuddin Dagar (CGL 2024)
• Lalgudi Jayaraman
• L. Subramaniam (Lakshminarayana
Subramanyam)
• Mohan Chandrashekhar
• Vaidyanathan → Padma Shri (1987), Mridangam
Padma Bhushan (2001)
• Mysore Brothers (MTS 2024) • Bhikam Singh
• Ganesh and Kumaresh Rajagopalan (MTS • Palghat Raju
2024) • U. K. Sivaraman (CGL 2024)
• T. K. Murthy
K. R. Mani
Indian Classical •

Instruments & Music

Sarangi
• Arun Kale
Veena • Ustad Ashiq Ali Khan
• Pandit Ram Narayan (MTS, CGL 2024)
• S. Balachandran • Santosh Mishra
• Badruddin Dagar • Ilyas Khan
• Dorai Swami Iyengar (MTS 2024) • Ustad Bindu Khan
• Asad Ali Khan • Abdul Karim Khan
• Chitti Babu (MTS 2024) • Sultan Khan
• Emani Shankar (MTS 2024) • Ustad Sabri Khan (CGL 2024) → Padma
Bhushan
 • Khagen De
Symphony • U. Srinivas

• Zubin Mehta

Harmonium
Ghatam • Shri Purushottam Walawalkar
• Appa Jalgaonkar
• T. H. Vinayakram (MTS 2024) • Gyan Prakash Ghosh
• Tulsidas Borkar (CGL 2024) → Padma
Shri (2016)

Guitar
• Keshav Jalgaonkar Surbahar
• Pandit Vishwa Mohan
• Shri Krishna Nalin • Annapurna Devi (MTS, CGL 2024)
• Jatin Majumdar
• Brij Bhushan Kabra (MTS 2024)

Mohan Veena
Mandolin • Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt → Grammy
Award (1994)
• Snehasish Majumdar

Indian Classical Music

• String: Sitar, Sarod, Tanpura
Hindustani Classical Music • Percussion: Tabla
(North Indian)
Main Vocal Styles
• Origin: North India
• Basis: Ancient Hindu chanting traditions • Khayal
• Systematized by: Bharata Muni (Natya • Dhrupad (CGL 2014)
Shastra) • Thumri (NTPC 2021)
• Father: Tansen • Tappa (NTPC 2021)
• Influences: • Qawwali (CGL 2019)
1. Persian and Arabic music • Hori
2. Mughal court culture • Tarana
• Chaturang
Main Elements • Sargam
• Ragasagar
• Raga – Melodic framework (CHSL)
• Tala – Rhythmic cycle (CHSL) Major Festivals
• Laya – Tempo of the composition
• Swar – Notes: Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni • Sawai Gandharva Festival – Pune
• Tansen Festival – Gwalior (Madhya
Instruments Pradesh)
 o MP Govt. gives Tansen Award • Ghatam
since 1980
• Dover Lane Music Conference – Kolkata Forms of Music

Famous Artists • Gitam

• Suladi
• Tansen (Navratna of Akbar, expert of Raga • Swarajati
Megh Malhar) • Jatiswaram
• Bade Ghulam Ali Khan – “Tansen of the • Varnam
20th Century”, Khayal master • Keertanam
• Pandit Ravi Shankar – Sitar, Founder of • Pallavi
National Orchestra of India • Kriti
• Ali Akbar Khan – Sarod
• Kishori Amonkar (MTS 2014) Major Festivals
• Gangubai Hangal (MTS 2024)
• Mogubai (MTS 2024) • Madras Music Season
• Shubha Mudgal (CHSL 2024) • Tyagaraja Aradhana Festival –
• Girija Devi – “Queen of Thumri” (CGL Thiruvaiyaru
2024)
Famous Artists

• Tyagaraja
• Muthuswami Dikshitar
Carnatic Classical Music • Shyama Shastri
(South Indian) • Purandara Dasa → “Father of Carnatic
Music” (CHSL)
• Origin: South India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala) • M. Balamuralikrishna (MTS 2024)
• Nature: Structured, devotional in character • Rajani Hebbar (MTS 2024)
• Speciality: Purely indigenous, no foreign • Ranganayaki Srinivasan (CGL 2024)
influence • M. S. Subbulakshmi –
• Talam: 7 types (SSC/CHSL) o Bharat Ratna (1998)
o Ramon Magsaysay Award
Elements o “Queen of Carnatic Music”

• Raga – Ascending & descending notes Trinity of Carnatic Music

• Tala – Rhythmic cycle (CHSL)
• Laya – Tempo 1. Tyagaraja
• Swar – Seven notes 2. Shyama Shastri
3. Muthuswami Dikshitar
Main Compositions

• Kriti Hindustani vs
• Varnam
• Padam – Devotional songs Carnatic Music
• Gitam – Simple songs
• Shloka – Verse based
Feature Hindustani Carnatic
• Keertana
• Sthayi Region North India South India
Veena,
Sitar, Tabla,
Instruments Instruments Mridangam,
Sarangi
Ghatam
• Veena Since 13th
• Flute (Murli) Period More ancient
century
• Violin
• Mridangam Persian, Arabic,
Influence Purely native
• Kanjira Afghan
 Feature Hindustani Carnatic State Famous Folk Music
Many Gharanas One standard Mizoram Chaihiya
Style
(schools) style Himachal
Laman
More Pradesh
Freedom More structured
improvisation Ahira – sung with Jhumar dance
Jharkhand
(CHSL 2024)

Folk Music of India

Popular Songs &
State Famous Folk Music
Andhra Singers
Burra Katha
Pradesh
• Sare Jahan Se Accha – Allama
Assam Bihu Geet, Nikri (CHSL 2019)
Muhammad Iqbal
Arunachal • Shabad – Sikh Gurus, taken from Guru
Ja-Jin-Ja
Pradesh Granth Sahib
Sohar – sung at childbirth
Bihar
(SSC/CHSL)
Pandavani – based on
Chhattisgarh Mahabharata (Teejan Bai)
(CHSL) Music Cities &
Goa
Gujarat
Mando
Dandiya Raas
Personalities
Jammu & Bhakha Banabun (CHSL 2019), • Varanasi – Declared "City of Music" by
Kashmir Chakri (CHSL 2019) UNESCO (2015)
Karnataka Bhavageet • Qawwali – introduced in India by Persians
o Key figures: Amir Khusro (Father
Kerala Puluvan Pattu, Bhoota songs
of Qawwali), Nusrat Fateh Ali
Madhya Alha, Baiga (tribal tale of two Khan, Sabri Brothers, Aziz Warisi
Pradesh warrior brothers) (CHSL 2024) • Wasifuddin Dagar – Dhrupad singer
Maharashtra Lavani, Dahi (CHSL 2019) (MTS 2024)
Khongjom Parba, Lai Haroba, • Miyan Tansen – Navratna of Akbar,
Manipur creator of Raag Megh Malhar (MTS 2024)
Khuwakeri (CHSL 2024)
Haryana Ragini (CHSL)
Odisha Daskathia
Punjab Bhangra
Mand, Pankhida, Dandiya, Documentaries &
Rajasthan Banihari, Kandayal (CHSL
2024) Songs
Tamil Nadu Amman Ebar, Villu Pattu
• Aishu – based on Tibetan culture and folk
Alha, Thumri (Begum Akhtar – songs
Uttar Pradesh
"Queen of Thumri") • Otopal – folk & Nag-Tibetan culture
Telangana Jaya Jaya songs ("Song of a Blue Hill")
Uttarakhand Basant songs • Sange Mil Mulakat – based on Bismillah
Khan (MTS 2024)
Bhawaiya, Bhatiyali (CHSL • Abhang – devotional poetry for Lord
West Bengal
2024) Vitthoba
Heraka, Hekale, Nezule, Herail • Rabindranath Tagore – "Ekla Chalo Re"
Nagaland
Nyuleu (CHSL 2024) • A.R. Rahman – "Maa Tujhe Salaam"
 Famous Musicians Institutions &
& Achievements Music Academies
• Pt. Ravi Shankar – Founder of National • Sangeet Natak Akademi
Orchestra of India (CGL 2024) o Established: 1952
• Bade Ghulam Ali Khan – "Tansen of the o First President: Dr. Rajendra
20th century", Khayal master Prasad
• Girija Devi – "Queen of Thumri" (UP) o First Chairman: P.V. Raj Mannar
(CGL 2024) o Ministry: HRD Ministry
• Sultana Chauhan – Lavani singer (CGL o Arijit Kaur – first woman to win
2024) Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
• Lata Mangeshkar – Bharat Ratna (2001), • Important Institutions
"Nightingale of India", world’s most o Sangeet Karyalaya, Hathras (UP) –
recorded artist (Guinness Book) founded by Kaka Hathrasi (1932)
• Alka Yagnik – IIFA Award for Best (CHSL 2024)
Female Playback Singer o Morris College of Music, Lucknow
• Tony Shah – Grammy winner for "Jai Ho" – founded 1926 (CHSL 2024)
(CGL 2024) o Bhatkhande Music Institute,
• Vishwa Mohan Bhatt – Mohan Veena Lucknow (CHSL 2024)
player, Grammy winner (CGL 2024)

Popular Awards
Awards &
Recognition Award
MP
Organizer Notable

Tansen Award Government (CGL 2024)

• Zakir Hussain (Tabla) – Youngest to
(since 1980)
receive Padma Bhushan (2002) (CGL
2024) M.G. Music Nagaland
(CGL 2024)
• First singer to get Bharat Ratna (2009) – Award Government
Dr. Bhimsen Joshi (Khayal singer) (CGL A.R. Rahman –
2024) International
Various Grammy (2008)
• Sangeeta Kshetram – famous Carnatic Awards
(CGL 2024)
singer, honored with "Geetachudamani"
title (CGL 2024)

Major Gharanas of Indian Classical Music

Agra Gharana o Ustad Vilayat o Ustad Ghagge
Hussain Khan Khuda Bakhsh
• Founder: Khuda o Ustad Latafat o Haji Sujan
Bakhsh Khan Khan
• Famous Artists: o Ustad Dinkar
o Ustad Faiyaz Kaikini
Khan o Lalita J. Rao
o Vijay Kichlu Jaipur Gharana
 • Founder: Ustad • Founder: Motiram • Founder: Ustad Rajab
Alladiya Khan • Famous Artists: Ali Khan
• Famous Artists: o Pt. Jasraj • Famous Artists:
o Kesarbai Kerkar o Kala Ramnath o Ustad Amir
o Kishori o Pt. Arvind Khan
Amonkar Thatte o Pt. Bhimsen
o Pt. Rattan Joshi
Mohan Sharma

Rampur–Sahaswan
Gharana Banaras Gharana
Tanjore (Tanjavur)
• Founder: Ustad Inayat Gharana • Founder: Pt. Ram
Hussain Khan Sahay
• Famous Artists: • Founder: • Famous Artists:
o Ustad Mushtaq Narayanswami Appa o Pt. Janki Prasad
Hussain Khan • Famous Personalities: o Pt. Omkarnath
o Ustad Nissar o Tyagaraja Thakur
Hussain Khan o Syama Sastri o Pt. Birju
Maharaj
o Pt. Chhannulal
Mishra
o Rajan Mishra
Patiala Gharana Kerala Gharana
o Sajan Mishra

• Founder: Ali Bakhsh • Founder: Swathi

Khan Thirunal
• Famous Artists: • Famous Artist: T. V.
o Ustad Bade Gopalakrishnan Atrauli Gharana
Ghulam Ali
Khan • Founder: Ustad
o Begum Akhtar Alladiya Khan
o Fateh Ali Khan Gwalior Gharana • Famous Artists:
o Ustad Fida
Hussain Khan
(Oldest Khayal Gharana)
o Ustad Abdul
Kirana Gharana Waheed Khan
• Founder: Ustad Haddu
o Ustad Azmat
Khan
Hussain Khan
• Founder: Ustad Abdul • Famous Artists:
o Pt. Bhimsen
Karim Khan o Ustad Nathoo
Joshi
• Famous Artists: Khan
o Roshan Ara o Kumar
Begum Gandharva
o Swami o Vegi
Gandharva Venkateshwarul Lucknow Gharana
o Gangubai u
Hangal o Krishna Rao • Founder: Ishwari
o Pt. Bhimsen Shankar Prasad
Joshi o Raja Bhaiya • Famous Artists:
o Prabha Atre Poonchwale o Pt. Achhan
Maharaj
o Wajid Ali Shah
o Pt. Thakur
Mewati Gharana Indore Gharana Prasad
o Pt. Birju
Maharaj
 • Famous Artists: Akbar Khan (Selection
Other Gundesa Bhai, Khan Post 2024)
Gharanas Dhar Bani, Guhar Bani
(SSC CHSL 2024) Sankranga Gharana
Delhi Gharana
Maihar Gharana • Famous Artist: Siyaram
• Famous Artists: Bandu Tiwari (SSC CPO
Khan, Tanvira Khan • Famous Artists: Pt. 2024)
(SSC MTS 2024) Ravi Shankar,
Annapurna Devi, Ali
Dagari Gharana

Major Festivals / Fairs of India & Neighboring

Countries
• Losar – Tibetan New • Sonepur Mela
Andhra Year • Rajgir Festival
Pradesh • Tawang Festival • Vaishali Festival
• Ziro Festival • Chhath Puja –
• Ugadi – New Year • Bascon Festival dedicated to Sun God
(Chaitra month) • Myokum Festival & Usha (4 days)
• Visakha Utsav • Sohrai Festival (also
in Jharkhand)
•
•
Bonalu
Bathukamma
Assam • Sarhul Festival
• Medaram Jatara (Jharkhand)
• Bihu (3 types):
• Yellamma Jatara
o Rongali Bihu –
• Flamingo Festival
(GD 2024)
April (New Goa
Year)
• Kalyanotsavam
o Kongali Bihu – • St. Francis Xavier
• Durgamma
September Feast
• Atla Taddi (CGL
o Bhogali Bihu – • Bonderam
2024)
January • Sunburn Festival (also
• Rotela Panduga (CGL
• Dol Jatra – Vaishnav in Maharashtra,
2024)
festival (also in Odisha, Gujarat)
Bengal) • Fatorpa
Arunachal • Ambubachi Mela – • Sao Joao Festival
Kamakhya Temple • Shigmo
Pradesh • Majuli Festival • Tarangamel
• Dehing Patkai • Lusophone Festival
• Nyokum • Jorhat Festival
• Solung • Guwahati Festival
• Mopin – Galo tribe • Karbi Festival Chhattisgarh
• Boori Boot • Ali-ai-ligang
• Dree Festival • Baikho • Bastar Dussehra
• Sangken – Khamti • Me-Dam-Me-Phi • Madai Festival
tribe • Baisagu • Goncha Festival
• Orange Festival • Rongker – Karbi tribe • Kajari Festival
• Pangsau Festival • Jon Beel Mela • Bhagoria Festival
• Khayat Festival • Pola Festival
• Reh Festival
Bihar
 • Karma Festival (also • Kollam Pooram
in Jharkhand, Odisha, Jharkhand • Thiruvathira Festival
MP, UP, Bihar) • Theyyam Festival
• Hareli • Sohrai – Santhal tribe • Alappuzha Festival
• Cherchera • Sarhul – Oraon tribe (MTS 2024)
• Tutilawa Fair • Nishagandhi Festival
• Karma – Oraon tribe (MTS 2024)
Gujarat • Jitiya – Santhal tribe
• Bandna – Munda tribe
• Rann Utsav • Mage Parab – Ho tribe Madhya
• Modhera Dance • Ba Parab – Ho tribe Pradesh
Festival • Tusu Festival –
• Tarnetar Fair Santhal tribe
• Khajuraho Dance
• Bavanath Mahadev • Java Festival –
Festival
Fair Unmarried girls
• Tansen Music Festival
• Shamlaji Fair • Bhagata Festival
– Gwalior
• Kutch Festival
• Ujjain Kumbh Mela
• Vautha Fair
• Dang Darbar Karnataka • Bhagoria Festival –
Jhabua
• Ambaji Fair
• Ugadi – (also in • Bhil Festival – Jhabua
• Kite Festival /
Andhra, Telangana) • Tribal Festival –
Uttarayan
• Gowri Habba Jhabua
• Madhavpur Fair –
• Mysore Dussehra • Malwa Festival –
Krishna–Rukmini
• Varamahalakshmi Indore
marriage
Vrat • Bundeli Festival –
• Karaga Festival – Sagar
Haryana Bengaluru • Chethiyagiri Festival
• Vijayadashami • Baiga Festival – Baiga
• Surajkund Crafts • Hampi Festival – tribe
Fair – Faridabad Vijaya Vittal Temple • Lokrang / Lokrang
• Pinjore Heritage • Pattadakal Festival Festival
Festival • Virupaksha Temple
•
•
Kurukshetra Festival
Faridabad Flower •
Festival – Hampi
Lambani Festival –
Maharashtra
Festival North Karnataka
• Ganesh Chaturthi
• Gugga Naumi • Tulu Festival
• Nashik Kumbh Mela
• Mahamastakabhishek
• Bhavani Festival –
a – Jain idol bathing
Himachal (2018)
Nashik
• Vitthal Temple
Pradesh • Kadlekai Parishe –
Festival
Groundnut fair
• Khandoba Festival –
• Kullu Dussehra Jejuri
• Chrewal Festival – Kerala • Pola Festival
Chamba • Kala Ghoda Festival
• Minjar Fair – Chamba • Kojagiri Purnima
• Onam (CHSL 2024)
• Renuka Fair – • Gudi Padwa
• Vishu (GD 2024) –
Sirmaur • Banganga Festival
New Year
• Losar Festival – also • Kolhapur Festival
• Thrissur Pooram
in Arunachal, Ladakh,
(CHSL 2024)
Sikkim
• Halda Festival –
•
•
Attukal Pongala
Sabarimala Festival
Manipur
Gaddi tribe
• Makaravilakku
• Phulaich Festival • Sangai Festival
Festival
• Doongri Festival • Imphal Festival
• Chingam Festival
• Cochin Carnival
• Thabal Chongba – • Bali Yatra • Kharchi Puja
Boat festival • Chaita Parva – • Biju Festival
• Lai Haraoba – Meitei Santhal tribe • Tirthamukh
community • Sohrai Festival – • Ashokashtami
• Gan Ningai – Santhal tribe • Ganga Puja
Zeliangrong tribe • Chhau Festival – • Lampra Puja
• Yaoshang – Six-day Santhal tribe • Waah Festival
spring festival • Nuakhai Festival
• Sengol Festival • Cuttack Cultural
Festival Tamil Nadu
• Raja Parba
Meghalaya • Konark Dance • Pongal
Festival • Jallikattu
• Shad Suk • Dhanu Jatra • Navratri
• Doregata Dance • Karthigai Deepam
Festival • Aadi Perukku
• Wangala Festival – Punjab • Chithirai Festival
100 drums • Rameswaram Festival
• Behdienkhlam • Baisakhi • Thai Poosam
Festival • Lohri • Puthandu – Tamil
• Laho Dance Festival • Gurpurab New Year
• Nongkrem Festival • Hola Mohalla • Float Festival
• Natyanjali Festival
• Mamallapuram
Mizoram Rajasthan Festival

• Chapchar Kut • Desert Festival

• Mim Kut • Pushkar Fair Uttarakhand
• Pawl Kut • Camel Festival
• Thalfavang Kut • Elephant Festival • Vitoli Festival
• Chabnglai Kut • Kite Festival • Harela – Kumaoni
• Chawng Kut • Gangaur Festival tribe
• Kutmai • Karni Mata Fair • Bissu Fair (MTS 2024)
• Khwerhlui Festival • Urs Fair • Phool Dei
• Serchhip Festival • Braj Festival – Fagun • Nanda Devi Fair
• Vangpui Kut month
• Nagaur Festival
• Goga Navami West Bengal
Nagaland
• Poush Mela (Const
• Hornbill Festival – 10 Sikkim 2024)
days • Durga Puja
• Sekrenyi – Angami • Losar – Tibetan New • Vijaya Dashami
tribe Year (CHSL 2024)
• Moatsu – Ao tribe • Saga Dawa – Buddhist • Kal Baisakhi (CHSL
• Tsukhenyie – • Lhabab – Buddhist 2024)
Chakhesang tribe • Drupchen – Buddhist • Poila Baisakh –
• Yemshe – Pochury • Bhumchu – Buddhist Bengali New Year
tribe • Lochar – Gurung • Ganga Sagar Mela
• Amongmong Festival community
• Tuluni Festival • Sakewa – Kirat Rai
• Naga Festival community Jammu &
• Loosong Festival Kashmir
• Sicchi Festival
Odisha • Bahu Mela (Post XII
• Rath Yatra Tripura 2024)
 • Shikara Festival
• Tulip Festival Telangana
• Kheer Bhawani
Festival •
•
Bathukamma Festival
Bonalu Festival
Neighboring
Ladakh Countries
Andaman &
• Losar – New Year Nicobar 🇧🇹 Bhutan
• Hemis Festival (CHSL
& CGL 2024) • Osari Festival • Haa Summer Festival
• Saka Dawa
• Matho Nagrang
(Const GD 2024) Lakshadweep 🇲🇲 Myanmar
• Tak Tok Festival
• Attolu Eedu • Ananda Pagoda
Festival
Uttar Pradesh • Kachin Manaw
Festival
• Janmashtami
• Ganga Festival
• Taj Festival 🇳🇵 Nepal
• Kumbh Mela
• Sardhana Fair • Dashain

• Tihar

New Year Festivals in Different Indian States

State / Region New Year Festival
Punjab Baisakhi
Kashmir Navreh (first day of Chaitra)
Andhra Pradesh Ugadi (March–April)
Tamil Nadu Puthandu (April)
Kerala Vishu (April)
West Bengal Pohela Boishakh (mid-April)
Odisha Pana Sankranti (worship in Hanuman temples)
Gujarat Bestu Varas (day after Diwali)
Maharashtra Gudi Padwa (first day of Chaitra month) (MTS)
Assam Bohag Bihu (mid-April)
Sikkim Losoong (December)
Ladakh Losar (Constable GD 2024)
Karnataka Ugadi

Temple Architecture in India

Main Types (3 Styles)
 Nagara Style (North Indian)

• Region: North India (UP, MP, Rajasthan)

• Features:
o Tower (Shikhara) above sanctum (Garbhagriha)
o No boundary wall around temple
o Hall (Mandapa) aligned in straight axis
o Amalaka (stone disc) on top of Shikhara
o Started by Gupta dynasty
o Sanctum inside the temple

Vesara Style (Mixed Style)

• Region: Western & Eastern India (Karnataka, Maharashtra, parts of Odisha)

• Style: Fusion of Nagara + Dravidian
• Introduced by: Chalukyas

Dravidian Style (South Indian)

• Region: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

• Features:
o Gopuram (huge entrance gateway)
o Temple surrounded by walls
o Temple tower = Vimana (pyramidal shape)
o Started by Pallavas
o Also used in Jain/Buddhist temples

Famous Temples
Delhi Trimbakeshwar (Nashik)
Famous
Temples and Akshardham Shani Shingnapur

Stupa Lotus Temple (Bahá’í) Madhya Pradesh

Jama Masjid Sanchi Stupa (Mauryan

Jammu & Kashmir period)
Punjab
Vaishno Devi Khajuraho Temples
Golden Temple
Amarnath Mahakaleshwar
Maharashtra Omkareshwar
Himachal Pradesh
Shirdi Sai Temple Bharhut Stupa
Jwala Mukhi
Bhimashankar Kandariya Mahadev
Hidimba Devi
Siddhivinayak
Manikaran Gujarat
Vitthoba Temple
Baba Balak Nath Somnath
Dwarkadhish Sikkim Gomateshwara Temple

Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Kirateshwar Temple Durga Temple

Modhera Sun Temple Murudeshwar Temple

North-East
Bahuchara Mata Hoysaleshwara Temple
Arunachal → Malinithan
Bihar Chennakesava Temple
Manipur → Govind Ji
Temple
Mahabodhi (Bodh Gaya) Jain Basti Temple
(MTS 2024)
Nagaland → Dimapur
Mundeshwari Temple Kalibari
Lad Khan Temple – Aihole
Odisha Assam → Kamakhya, (CHSL 2024)
Umananda, Navagraha,
Jagannath (Puri) Hayagriva Madhava, Kerala
Ugratara
Lingaraj (Bhubaneswar) Sabarimala
Tripura → Sundari
Konark Sun Temple → Temple, Unakoti Caves Padmanabhaswamy
Black Pagoda, built by
Narasimhadeva I, noted Telangana Tamil Nadu
for erotic sculptures
and inscriptions Thousand Pillar Temple Meenakshi Temple,
(Warangal) Nataraja Temple
Hathigumpha Inscription
Ramappa Temple Ramanatha Swamy Temple
Chhattisgarh (UNESCO)
Ranganath Swamy Temple
Bhoramdeo Meghalaya
Brihadeshwara Temple
Danteshwari Nartiang Durga Temple (Thanjavur) (CHSL
2024)
Mahamaya
Andhra Pradesh
Suchindram Temple
Uttar Pradesh Venkateswara Swamy
(Tirupati) Murugan Temple
Dhamek Stupa (Sarnath)
Mallikarjuna (Srisailam) Shore Temple
Kashi Vishwanath
Surya Narayana Temple Amaravati Stupa
Goa (Selection Post 2024)
Sri Ranganath Swamy
Kamakshi Sausthan Mahabalipuram Temple –
Temple – octagonal Veerabhadra Temple one of the finest
two-storey minaret Monolithic Temples
Varaha Lakshmi
West Bengal Narasimha Rajasthan

Dakshineswar Kali Karnataka Dilwara Jain Temples

Belur Math Virupaksha Temple, Ranakpur Jain Temples

Vitthal Temple
 Karni Mata Temple Yamunotri Dham – No
Uttarakhand Jyotirlinga State
.
Haryana 1 Somnath Gujarat
Andhra
Markandeshwar Mahadev 2 Mallikarjuna
Pradesh
Char Dham Mahakaleshw Madhya
Pakistan 3
(India) ar Pradesh
Hinglaj Mata (Makran) Madhya
Badrinath Dham – 4 Omkareshwar
Pradesh
Katasraj Uttarakhand Uttarakhan
5 Kedarnath
d
Dwarka Dham – Gujarat
Bhimashanka Maharasht
6
Jagannath Puri Dham – r ra
Char Dham Odisha
7
Trimbakeshw Maharasht
ar ra
(Uttarakhand) Rameshwaram Dham – 8 Baidyanath Jharkhand
Tamil Nadu
Badrinath Dham – 9 Nageshwar Gujarat
Uttarakhand Tamil
12 Jyotirlingas 10 Rameshwar
(Dedicated to Lord Shiva) Nadu
Kedarnath Dham –
Maharasht
Uttarakhand 11 Grishneshwar
ra
Gangotri Dham – Kashi Uttar
12
Uttarakhand Vishwanath Pradesh

Famous Folk Arts of India (State-wise)

State Folk Art / Painting
Bihar Mithila (Madhubani), Yampuri (Wall painting of Nepal)
Uttar Pradesh Chowk Poorna, Sanjhi Art (Mathura), Chikan Embroidery (Lucknow)
Odisha Pattachitra, Saura Painting
Maharashtra Warli Painting
Uttarakhand Aipan Art
Karnataka Rangavali, Kasuti Embroidery
Kerala Kalama Jattu (Kamejattu Art)
Jharkhand Jadopatia, Patkar Painting
Haryana Bhitti Painting
West Bengal Alpana Art
Telangana Kalamkari, Nirmal Art
Gujarat Pithora Painting
Himachal Pradesh Pahari Style – Guler, Kangra Painting
Punjab Phulkari Art
Rajasthan Kajli, Kishangarh Painting (Ajmer), Bandhani, Phad Painting, Meenakari
Madhya Pradesh Bagh Textile Painting, Nandana Block Printing
Andhra Pradesh Kalamkari
 Famous Martial Arts of India
State Martial Art
Punjab Gatka, Lathi
Kerala Kalaripayattu
Tamil Nadu Silambam, Kuttu Panthi
Manipur Thang-Ta, Sarita Sarak
Bihar Pari-Khanda
Himachal Pradesh Thoda
Maharashtra Mardani Art
West Bengal Danda
Nagaland Miti Chumaru
Andhra Pradesh Kathi Samu

Major Cultural Organizations of India

Organization Year Headquarters Founder
Asiatic Society 1784 Kolkata Sir William Jones
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) 1861 Delhi Alexander Cunningham
Central Secretariat Library 1891 Kolkata —
National Archives 1891 New Delhi C. George William Forrest
National Library 1945 Kolkata Dr. B. S. Guha
Lalit Kala Academy 1948 Kolkata —
Sahitya Academy 1953 New Delhi —
National School of Drama (NSD) 1959 New Delhi Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Academy 1954 Imphal Unit of Sangeet Natak Academy
Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts 1985 New Delhi Rajiv Gandhi
Kalakshetra Kathak School 1998 New Delhi Pt. Birju Maharaj
Tagore Centre for Study of Culture & Civilization 2013 Shimla —

Hindu Calendar – Seasons

Season (English) Season (Hindi) Months
Spring Vasant Chaitra – Vaishakh (March – April)
Summer Grishma Jyeshtha – Ashadha (May – June)
Monsoon (Rainy) Varsha Shravan – Bhadrapad (July – August)
Autumn Sharad Ashwin – Kartik (Sept – Oct)
Pre-Winter Hemant Margashirsha – Paush (Nov – Dec)
Winter Shishir Magh – Phalgun (Jan – Feb)
 Hindu Calendar – Months (English ↔ Hindi)
English Month Hindu Month
January Magha
February Phalguna
March Chaitra
April Vaishakha
May Jyeshtha
June Ashadha
July Shravana
August Bhadrapada
September Ashwin
October Kartika
November Margashirsha
December Pausha

Famous Books and Authors

Ruskin Bond • Capitalism: A Ghost Story

• The Room on the Roof Anita Desai

• The Blue Umbrella
• A Flight of Pigeons • The Peacock Garden
• A Season of Ghosts • The Village by the Sea
• The India I Love • The Zigzag Way
• Angry River • Cry, the Peacock
• The Cherry Tree • Voices in the City
• The Hidden Pool • In Custody
• Our Trees Still Grow in Dehradun
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jaishankar Prasad
• Toward Freedom
• Kankal • The Discovery of India
• Titli • Glimpses of World History
• Lahari • Letters from a Father to His Daughter
• Mamta • India’s Freedom
• Aashirwadini • A Bunch of Old Letters
• Rajyasabha • An Autobiography
• Ajatshatru
• Skandagupta Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
• Chandragupta
• The Annihilation of Caste
Arundhati Roy • Pakistan and Partition of India
• Problem of the Rupee
• The God of Small Things • Buddha and His Dhamma
• The Ministry of Utmost Happiness • Development of Provincial Finance in
• Walking with the Comrades British India
Khushwant Singh Aravind Adiga

• Train to Pakistan • The White Tiger

• India: A Mirror to the World • Amnesty
• Truth, Love and a Little Malice • Last Man in Tower
• We Indians • Selection Day

Rabindranath Tagore Michael Phillips

• Gitanjali (1910) — Nobel Prize in • No Limits

Literature (1913) • Beneath the Surface
• Sonar Tori
• Rajshree
• Gora
• Chokher Bali Pandit Ravi Shankar

Mahatma Gandhi • My Life, My Music

• Ragamala
• My Experiments with Truth
(Autobiography) Vikram Seth
• Satyagraha in South Africa
• Hind Swaraj • A Suitable Boy
• Indian Opinion • Three Chinese Poets
• Key to Health
Ramnath Kovind
K. M. Munshi
• Ambedkar and Modi: Reformers’ Ideas,
• The Glory of Patan Performers’ Implementation

Jhumpa Lahiri Dadabhai Naoroji

• Interpreter of Maladies • Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
• The Namesake
• Unaccustomed Earth
Amitav Ghosh
• The Lowland
• The Shadow Lines
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam • The Glass Palace
• The Hungry Tide
• Wings of Fire • Sea of Poppies
• Ignited Minds
• Indomitable Spirit
Milkha Singh
• Turning Points
• India 2020
• The Race of My Life

Mulk Raj Anand

• Untouchable
•
•
Coolie
Two Leaves and a Bud
Political &
•
•
Seven Summers
The Village
Historical Writers
• Morning Face
• Bharat Muni – Natya Shastra
• Jyotiba Phule – Gulamgiri
 • Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom
• Kapil Dev – Straight from the Heart, Books by Freedom
Cricket My Style
• L. K. Advani – My Country, My Life; A Fighters
Prisoner’s Scrapbook
1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak – Geeta Rahasya,
Arctic Home, Kesari
2. Abul Kalam Azad – India Wins Freedom

Modern Authors 3. Lala Lajpat Rai – Unhappy India, Arya

Samaj
4. Rajendra Prasad – Satyagraha in
• Barack Obama – Dreams from My Father Champaran, India Divided
• Michelle Obama – Becoming 5. Surendranath Banerjee – A Nation in the
• Sachin Tendulkar – Playing It My Way Making
• Saina Nehwal – Playing to Win 6. Veer Savarkar – The Indian War of
• Virat Kohli – (Proposed to add) Independence, Hindutva
7. Bhagat Singh – Why I Am an Atheist
8. Gopal Krishna Gokhale – Nation
9. Dinabandhu Mitra – Neel Darpan
10. Annie Besant – New India
Ancient Authors & 11. Subhash Chandra Bose – India’s Struggle
12. Motilal Nehru – Independent
Works 13. Dadabhai Naoroji – Poverty and British
Rule
• Munshi Premchand – Godaan 14. Sachidanand Sinha – My Autobiography
• Kalhana – Rajatarangini 15. B. P. Chaliha – History of Congress
• Vishakhadatta – Mudrarakshasa 16. Chittaranjan Das – India for Indians
• Kalidasa – Abhijnan Shakuntalam, 17. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay – Anand
Meghadutam, Kumarasambhavam etc. Math (Source of “Vande Mataram”)
• Ashvaghosha – Buddhacharita
• Charaka – Charaka Samhita
• Panini – Ashtadhyayi
•
•
Shudraka – Mrichhakatikam
Banabhatta – Harshacharita Other Major
• Varahamihira – Panchasiddhantika
Authors
• Bhagwati Charan Verma – Bomb Ka
Darshan
Sports • Vishnu Prabhakar – Ardhnarishwar

Autobiographies
•
•
Abhinav Bindra – A Shot at History
V. V. S. Laxman – 281 and Beyond Modern
•
•
Yuvraj Singh – The Test of My Life
Sourav Ganguly – A Century is Not Personalities
Enough
• Suresh Raina – Believe • Kiran Bedi – Fearless Governance
• Shane Warne – No Spin • Sanjiv Chadha – The Years I Burnt Away
• Usain Bolt – Faster than Lightning
• Karan Johar – An Unsuitable Boy
• Priyanka Chopra – Unfinished
• Anupam Kher – Lessons Life Taught Me
• Gulshan Grover – Bad Man
 • Phanishwar Nath Renu – Maila Anchal Author/Scholar Notable Work(s)
• Ravindra Chaharali – Ancient Hindustani
Abul Fazl Akbarnama, Ain-e-Akbari
Music
• Medha Deshmukh – Laughing to Lead Amir Khusro Tughlaqnama, Khiraj-ul-Futuh
• Ranjan Gogoi – Justice for the Judge Al-Biruni Tahqiq-e-Hind
• Bhisham Sahni – Tamas Ibn Battuta Rihla
• Twinkle Khanna – Mrs. Funnybones
Firdausi Shahnama
• Patanjali – Mahabhashya
• Imran Khan – All Round View Krishnadevaraya Amuktamalyada
Abdul Hamid Lahori Padshahnama
✍️ Famous Lyricist Gulzar Hasan Nizami Taj-ul-Masir

• Chand Pukhraj Ka
📚 Additional Books Asked in Previous
• Raat Pashmine Ki
• Khamoshi Exams
• Meera Apne Author Notable Work
• Parchhaiyaan Ravindra Kaur Since 1947
Amish
Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta
Tripathi
✍️ Ancient and Historical Scholars Sagarika Indira: India’s Most Powerful Prime
Author/Scholar Notable Work(s) Ghose Minister
Babur Tuzuk-e-Babri Meghnad
The Raisina Model
Gulbadan Begum Humayunama Desai

Jahangir Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri

Census of India

Historical Facts

• First unorganized census → 1872 (Lord Census 2011

Mayo)
• First complete synchronous census → • 15th National Census (7th after
1881 (Lord Ripon, Commissioner: W.C. Independence)
Plowden) • Questions → 29
• First city census → Dhaka, 1830 (Henry • Motto → Our Census, Our Future
Walter) • Commissioner → C. Chandramouli
• Father of Indian Census → Henry Walter • Special feature → First time transgender
• First census of Independent India → included
1951 • Coverage → 28 States + 7 UTs
• • Districts → 640

Key Terms

• Great Divide Year → 1921 (first time Population (2011)

population growth rate declined)
• Minor Divide Year → 1951 (start of • Total Population → 121 crore (1.21
continuous growth) billion)
• Highest Authority → Registrar General & o Males → 62.3 crore
Census Commissioner of India o Females → 58.6 crore
• World share → 17.5%
 • Rank (2011) → India 2nd, China 1st →
(Now: India 1st)
Religious Population

• Hindu → 79.8% (Highest %: Himachal

State-wise Population Pradesh)
• Muslim → 14.2%
• Highest → Uttar Pradesh (16%) • Christian → 2.3%
o Next: Maharashtra, Bihar, West • Sikh → 1.7%
Bengal, Madhya Pradesh • Buddhist → 0.7%
• Lowest → Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal • Jain → 0.4%
Pradesh, Goa, Nagaland

Union Territories
Population Density
• Highest → Delhi
• Lowest → Lakshadweep • 2001 → 325 per sq. km
• 2011 → 382 per sq. km
Cities
Highest Density
• Largest Population → Mumbai
• Smallest → Kapurthala (Punjab) • State → Bihar (1102)
• UT → Delhi (11320)
Districts Lowest Density
• Largest Population → Thane • State → Arunachal Pradesh (17)
(Maharashtra) • UT → Andaman & Nicobar Islands (46)
• Smallest → Dibang Valley (Arunachal
Pradesh)
Growth Rate
• Annual → 1.64%
Scheduled Castes (SC) & Scheduled • Decadal (2001–11) → 17.64% (Male:
Tribes (ST) 17.19%, Female: 18.12%)
• Increase in number → +181 million
• SC Population → 16.6% (~20 crore)
o Highest in numbers: Uttar Pradesh Growth Rate (2011)
o Highest %: Punjab (31.9%)
• ST Population → 8.6% (~10 crore) • Highest States → Meghalaya (27.9%),
o Highest in numbers: Madhya Arunachal (26%), Bihar (25.4%)
Pradesh • Lowest States → Nagaland (-0.6%),
o Highest %: Lakshadweep (94.8%) Kerala (4.9%)
• Highest UT → Puducherry (28.1%)
• Lowest UT → Daman & Diu (12.6%)

Urban & Rural

• Urban Population → 31.16% Sex Ratio

o Most urbanized: Goa, Chandigarh,
Mizoram • Highest State → Kerala (1084)
o Least urbanized: Himachal Pradesh • Lowest State → Haryana (877)
• Rural Population → 69.84% • Highest UT → Puducherry (1037)
o Most villages: Bihar • Lowest UT → Daman & Diu (618)
 Lowest

• States → Bihar (63.8%), Arunachal

Child Population (0–6 (65.4%)
years) • UT → Dadra & Nagar Haveli

• Total → 158.8 million (13.1%)

• Decline → -3.09%

Child Sex Ratio

Workforce (2011)
• Male → 53.26%
• Overall → 919 girls per 1000 boys
• Female → 25.51%
• Highest → Himachal Pradesh (972)
• In Agriculture → 54.6%
• Lowest → Haryana (834)

Literacy Rate (2011) Miscellaneous

• World Population Day → 11 July
• Total → 74.04%
• Study of Population → Demography
o Male → 82.14%
• Highest Fertility Rate → Bihar
o Female → 65.46%
• Lowest Birth Rate → Kerala
o Gap → 16.68%
• National Population Commission →
Headed by Prime Minister
Highest
• 1931 → First caste-based Census
• 2011 → First Socio-Economic & Caste
• States → Kerala (94%), Mizoram (91.3%)
Census (SECC)
• UTs → Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu
• Cost → ₹2200 crore

Sports (Part – I)
(Olympics, Paralympics, Asian Games, • Red → America
Commonwealth Games)
Olympic Motto

Citius – Altius – Fortius (Faster, Higher,

Olympic Games Stronger)

International Olympic Committee Important Facts

(IOC) • Olympic Day: 23 June
• Organized: Every 4 years
• Founded: 1894 – by Pierre de Coubertin
• First President: Demetrius Vikelas
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland Olympic History

• First Summer Olympics: 1896, Athens

Olympic Rings & Colors
(Greece)
• First Winter Olympics: 1924, Chamonix
• Blue → Europe
(France)
• Yellow → Asia
• 31st Summer Olympics: 2016, Rio de
• Black → Africa
Janeiro (Brazil)
• Green → Australia
 • 24th Winter Olympics: 2022, Beijing • First played: 1908, London Olympics
(China) • 1948 London – First gold medal for
independent India in Hockey
Upcoming Summer Olympics

• 2024 – Paris (France)

• 2028 – Los Angeles (USA) 2020 Tokyo Olympics (held
• 2032 – Brisbane (Australia)
in 2021)
• First Olympics delayed (due to COVID-
19)
🇮🇳 India and Olympics • India: 7 medals
• Mascot: Miraitowa
• Indian Olympic Association: 1927 • Theme: Moving Forward, United by
o Founder: Sir Dorabji Tata Emotion
o HQ: New Delhi
o Current President: P. T. Usha Indian Medal Winners
• Cancelled Olympics: 1916, 1940, 1944
(due to wars)
• Neeraj Chopra – Javelin Throw
• First Indian participation: 1900, Paris
• Mirabai Chanu – Weightlifting
• Ravi Kumar Dahiya – Wrestling
Hosting Records
• P. V. Sindhu – Badminton
• Most hosted: USA (8 times) • Lovlina Borgohain – Boxing
• Cities hosted 3 times: London, Paris, Los • Bajrang Punia – Wrestling
Angeles • Men’s Hockey Team

2024 Paris Olympics (33rd

India’s Olympic Milestones Edition)
• 1900 Paris – Norman Pritchard (first • Torchbearer: Abhinav Bindra
Indian, 2 silver medals) • Theme: Games Wide Open
• 1920 Antwerp (Belgium) – First Indian • Opening Flag Bearers (India): P.V.
team participation Sindhu, Achanta Sharath Kamal
• 1928 Amsterdam – Dhyan Chand led • Closing Flag Bearers (India): Manpreet
India to first gold in Hockey Singh, P.R. Sreejesh
• 1928–1980 – India won 6 consecutive gold • India’s Rank: 71
medals in Hockey • Medals: 6 (1 Silver + 5 Bronze)
• 1952 Helsinki – K. D. Jadhav (Wrestling,
first individual medal – Bronze) Indian Winners
• 2004 Athens – Rajyavardhan Singh
Rathore (first individual Silver) • Neeraj Chopra – Javelin Throw
• 2008 Beijing – Abhinav Bindra (first • Indian Hockey Team
individual Gold, Shooting) • Suman Shyoran – Wrestling
• 2012 London – Gagan Narang (Bronze, • Swapnil Kusale – 50m Rifle
Shooting)
• Manu Bhaker + Sarabjot Singh – 10m
• 2016 Rio – Sakshi Malik (Wrestling, first
Air Pistol (Mixed)
woman wrestler to win medal)
• Manu Bhaker – 10m Air Pistol
(Individual)

Manu Bhaker:
Hockey in Olympics
 • First Indian woman to win 2 medals in one • First: 1951, New Delhi (India)
Olympics • India Hosted: 1951 & 1982
• First Indian woman to win an Olympic • First Indian Woman Gold Medalist:
shooting medal Roshan Mistry (Athletics)

Winter Olympics Cricket (Part II)

• First: 1924, Chamonix (France) Governing Bodies
• India’s First Participation: 1964, Austria
– Jeremy Bujakowski • ICC (International Cricket Council)
• Latest: 2022, Beijing – Arif Khan (Skiing) o Formed: 1909
• Next: 2026, Italy o HQ: Dubai (UAE)
• BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in
India)
o Formed: 1928
Paralympics o HQ: Mumbai

• First: 1960, Rome (Italy) Cricket Formats

• India’s First Participation: 1968, Tel
Aviv (Israel) Format Overs Duration
Test -- 5 Days
2024 Paris Paralympics
ODI 50 1 Day
• India Medals: 24 (7 Gold, 4 Silver, 13 T20 20 Few Hours
Bronze)
• Opening Flag Bearers: Bhagyashree
Jadhav, Sumit Antil One Day World Cup
• Closing Flag Bearers: Pranav Pal,
Harvinder Singh • First Men’s WC: 1975, England –
Winner: West Indies
Major Winners: • First Women’s WC: 1973, England –
Winner: England
• Sumit Antil – Javelin Throw • Held every 4 years
• Navdeep Singh – Javelin Throw
• Arvi Sekhira – Shooting

Test Cricket
• India’s first Test: 1933, vs England –
Commonwealth Games Captain: C.K. Nayudu
• India Women’s first Test: 1977, vs
• First: 1930, Hamilton (Canada) Australia – Venue: England
• India Hosted: 2010, New Delhi • Rules:
• India’s Achievement: Geeta Phogat – o New ball after 80 overs
First Indian woman wrestler to win gold o Minimum over rate: 15 per hour
• Latest: 2022, Birmingham (UK) – India’s
Rank: 4

Cricket World Cup 1983

Asian Games (Asiad) • Host: England
 • Winner: India (first time) • First edition: 2009, England
• Final: India vs West Indies – Lord’s, • Most successful: Australia (6 titles)
London • 2024 Edition: New Zealand (Host: UAE)
• Captain: Kapil Dev
• Man of the Match: Mohinder Amarnath

Indian Premier League

Cricket World Cup 2011 (IPL)
• First edition: 2008 – Winner: Rajasthan
• Hosts: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh
Royals
• Final: India vs Sri Lanka – Wankhede
• Recent Champions:
Stadium, Mumbai
o 2023 – Chennai Super Kings
• Winner: India
o 2024 – Kolkata Knight Riders
• Captain: M.S. Dhoni
(Runner-up: SRH)
• Man of the Match (Final): Dhoni
• Player of the Series: Yuvraj Singh
2024 Top Performers:

• MVP: Sunil Narine (KKR)

• Orange Cap: Virat Kohli (741 runs, RCB)
Cricket World Cup 2023 • Purple Cap: Harshal Patel (24 wickets,
Punjab)
(13th)
• Host: India
• Final: Narendra Modi Stadium
• Winner: Australia (6th title) Cricket Terms
• Runner-up: India (Captain: Rohit
Sharma) • Batting/Fielding: Wicket, Wide Ball, No
• Most Runs: Virat Kohli (765 runs) Ball, Slip, Gully, Square Leg
• Most Wickets: Mohammed Shami (24 • Bowling: Googly, Bouncer, Yorker,
wickets) Chinaman, Maiden Over, LBW
• Rules: Powerplay, Duck (out on 0)

India in ODI World Cup

Major Cricket Trophies
• Winners: 1983, 2011 (2 times)
• Hosts: 1987, 1996, 2011, 2023 (4 times) • Ranji Trophy – First-class, Mumbai won
most
• Duleep Trophy
• Deodhar Trophy
• Vijay Hazare Trophy
T20 World Cup (Men) • Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy
• Irani Cup
• 2007 (South Africa): Winner – India • C.K. Nayudu Trophy
• 2022 (Australia): Winner – England • Ashes Series (England vs Australia)
• 2024 (USA + West Indies): Winner –
India
• India’s Wins: 2 times (2007, 2024)

Cricket Measurements
• Pitch: 22 yards (20.12 m) × 10 feet
T20 World Cup (Women)
 • Stump height: 28 inches • Domestic (India): Santosh Trophy,
Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, Subroto Cup,
ISL
Notable Cricket • International: La Liga, AFC Cup,
Personalities Merdeka Cup

• Kapil Dev – First fast bowler (India’s Famous Players

WC-winning captain 1983)
• C.K. Nayudu – India’s first Test captain • India: Sunil Chhetri, P.K. Banerjee,
• Lala Amarnath – First Test captain of Neville D’Souza
Independent India • Foreign: Lionel Messi (Argentina),
• Sachin Tendulkar – Scored 100 Neymar (Brazil), Ronaldo (Portugal),
international centuries Aitana Bonmatí (Spain)
• Sourav Ganguly – Famous for waving
shirt at Lord’s Measurements
• M.S. Dhoni – Known as “Captain Cool”
• Mithali Raj – Legendary women’s • Players: Minimum 7, Maximum 11 (incl.
cricketer Goalkeeper)
• Jasprit Bumrah – Conceded most runs in • Goalpost: Height 8 ft, Width 24 ft
a single over (Test) • Match Duration: 90 minutes
• Ball Weight: 410–460 g
• Ball Circumference: 68–70 cm

Famous Cricket Stadiums Misc. Facts

• Wankhede – Mumbai • Brazil – Most FIFA World Cup titles

• Eden Gardens – Kolkata • Goalpost color – White
• Arun Jaitley – Delhi • Referee tools: Whistle, Cards (Yellow =
• DY Patil – Navi Mumbai Warning, Red = Send off)
• Lord’s – England • India’s first international tour – 1924
• Melbourne Cricket Ground – Australia • AIFF (All India Football Federation):
Formed 1937

Football
Hockey
Governing Body
• Origin: England
• FIFA (Federation Internationale de • International Body: FIH (1924, HQ –
Football Association) Lausanne, Switzerland)
o Founded: 1904
• Indian Hockey Federation: 1925
o HQ: Zurich, Switzerland
• First Hockey Club (India): Calcutta

Football Terms Men’s Hockey World Cup

• Penalty • First: 1971 – Winner: Pakistan

• Offside • India’s Title: 1975 (Runner-up Pakistan)
• Header • Most Titles: Pakistan (4 times)
• Goalkeeper • Most Hosted: India (4 times)
• Banana Kick
Measurements
Trophies & Leagues
• Field: 91.44 × 55 m
 • Goalpost Height: 2.14 m • King (1) – Least powerful
• Goalpost Width: 3.66 m
• Ball Weight: 156–163 g Terms
• Match Duration: 60 minutes
• Checkmate – Fatal attack on king
Important Terms • Stalemate – No legal moves, game drawn
• Gambit – Sacrifice move
• Penalty Corner • Castling – King + Rook combined move
• Scoop
• 16-yard Hit Indian Players

Stadium • Viswanathan Anand – First GM, multiple

World Champion
• Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium, Rourkela – • R. Praggnanandhaa, R. Vaishali, S.
World’s largest seated hockey stadium Vijayalakshmi (first woman GM)
• D. Gukesh – 2024 World Chess
Major Cups Champion, youngest ever
• Abhimanyu Mishra – Youngest GM in
• Aga Khan Cup, Nehru Trophy, Wellington the world
Trophy
• Rangaswami Cup, Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, International Players (Chess)
Johor Cup
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh Trophy, Ranjit • Magnus Carlsen
Singh Gold Cup • Bobby Fischer

Cards Kabaddi

• Green: Warning • Traditional Indian sport

• Asian Championship: 1980, Kolkata
• Yellow: Temporary Suspension • First World Cup: 2004, Mumbai
• Red: Permanent Suspension (No • Players: 7 per team
replacement) • Time: 40 minutes (20 + 20)
• Key terms: Raider, Baulk line, Tag
Key Personality • Court: 10 × 13 m

• Major Dhyan Chand – “Magician of Cards

Hockey”
• Birthday = National Sports Day (India) • Green – Warning
• Olympic Gold: 1928, 1932, 1936 • Yellow – Temporary suspension
• Red – Out

Badminton
Chess
• Governing body: BWF (HQ – Kuala
• Origin: India Lumpur)
• Board: 64 squares, 32 pieces (16–16) • Court: 44 × 20 feet
• Net height: 5 feet
Pieces & Moves • Format: 3 games of 21 points each

• Pawn (8) – Moves forward Cards

• Knight (2) – L-shape
• Bishop (2) – Diagonal • Yellow – Warning
• Rook (2) – Straight • Red – Fine
• Queen (1) – Most powerful
• Black – Disqualification • Positions: Point guard, Shooting guard,
Small forward, Power forward, Center
Major Trophies
High Jump
• Thomas Cup (Men)
• Uber Cup (Women) • 3 attempts
• Sudirman Cup (Mixed) • Techniques: Scissors, Western Roll
• Narang Cup, Deewan Cup
Wrestling
Indian Players
• Freestyle: 3 min bout
• Prakash Padukone – 1980 All England • Sushil Kumar – World Championship
Winner Gold (2010)
• Saina Nehwal – Olympic Bronze (2012),
World No. 1 Squash

Tennis • Tennis: Open court | Squash: Closed court

• Indian Players: Dipika Pallikal, Anahat
• Court: 70 × 36 ft Singh
• Net: 3 ft
• Ball bounces (vs shuttle in badminton) Shooting

Grand Slam Tournaments • Term: Bull’s eye

• Indian: Rudraksh Patil
• Wimbledon – Grass
• US Open – Hard Golf
• French Open – Clay
• Australian Open – Hard • First club: Kolkata
• Key terms: Caddy, Chip, Ace, Albatross
Key Terms • Trophies: Walker Cup, Ryder Cup, Asian
Hour, Prince of Wales
• Deuce (40–40)
• Love score (0) Boxing
• Double fault
• Drop shot • Key terms: Jab, Hook, Uppercut,
Knockout
Table Tennis • Indian Players: Lovlina Borgohain, Nikhat
Zareen, Vijender Singh
• Points: 11
• Ball: 2.79 g, 40 mm diameter Swimming
• Table: 9 × 5 × 2.5 ft
• Net height: 15.25 cm • Olympic pool: 50 m
• Techniques: Backstroke, Breaststroke,
Famous Indian Players Butterfly, Dolphin kick

• Achanta Sharath Kamal Kho-Kho

• Manika Batra
• Bhavin Patel • Players: 9
• Chaser sits in the middle
Basketball
Major Sports Institutions
• Ball: 620 g (Size 7)
• Key terms: Pivot, Dribble, Free throw • SAI: 1984, New Delhi
• BCCI: 1928, Mumbai
 • All India Football Federation: 1937, New • Mumbai Marathon – Asia’s biggest
Delhi
• All India Chess Federation: 1951, Chennai Number of Players in Team Sports
• NIS (Netaji Subhas): Patiala
Sport Players
Miscellaneous Facts
Basketball 5
• National Sports Day: 29 August (Dhyan Volleyball 6
Chand’s Birthday) Netball/Handball 7
• Nehru Trophy Boat Race – Kerala Kabaddi 7
• Neeraj Chopra – World Championship
Gold (2023) Ice Hockey 6
• KD Jadhav – First Olympic individual Kho-Kho/Baseball 9
medal (1952) Football/Cricket 11
• Pro Kabaddi League – 2014
Polo 4
• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna → Renamed
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna (2021)

Government Schemes
1. Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima • Age: 18–40 years
Yojana (PMSBY) • Pension: ₹1000–₹5000 per month (after 60
years)
• Started: 9 May 2015 (Kolkata) • Managed by: PFRDA
• Type: Accident Insurance
• Age: 18–70 years
• Premium: ₹20 per year
• Benefit: ₹2 lakh (death/permanent 4. Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi
disability), ₹1 lakh (partial disability) Maandhan (PM-SYM)

• Started: 15 Feb 2019 (Gujarat)

• For: Unorganized workers with monthly
2. Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima income ≤ ₹15,000
Yojana (PMJJBY) • Age: 18–40 years
• Pension: ₹3000 per month (after 60 years)
• Started: 9 May 2015 (Kolkata) • Premium: ₹55–₹200 per month
• Type: Life Insurance (death from any • Managed by: LIC
cause)
• Age: 18–50 years (renew till 55)
• Premium: ₹436 per year
• Implemented by: LIC 5. PM Kisan Maandhan Yojana

• Started: 12 Sep 2019 (Jharkhand)

• For: Small & marginal farmers (land ≤ 2
3. Atal Pension Yojana (APY) hectares)
• Age: 18–40 years
• Started: 9 May 2015 (Kolkata) • Pension: ₹3000 per month (after 60 years)
• For: Unorganized sector workers • Managed by: LIC
 • Started: 2008
• Aim: Create jobs in rural & urban areas
6. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)

• Started: 24 Feb 2019 (Gorakhpur, UP)

• Benefit: ₹6000 per year (3 installments) 12. MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi
• For: Small & marginal farmers National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act)

• Started: 2 Feb 2006

7. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana • Benefit: 100 days guaranteed work for
rural households
• Started: 18 Feb 2016
• Crop Insurance:
o 2% premium (Kharif crops)
o 1.5% (Rabi crops) 13. Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana
o 5% (Commercial/Horticulture
crops) • Started: 1 Oct 2020 (COVID-19 time)
• Under: EPFO
• Aim: Boost employment

8. PM PRANAM Yojana

• Started: 28 June 2023 14. Startup India

• By: Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers
• Aim: Reduce chemical fertilizers, promote • Started: 16 Jan 2016
balanced use • Aim: Promote startups & innovation
• Benefit: 3 years tax-free
• National Startup Day – 16 Jan

9. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

(MUDRA)
15. Make in India
• Started: 8 April 2015
• Full Form: Micro Units Development & • Started: 2014
Refinance Agency • By: Ministry of Commerce & Industry
• Loan types: • Aim: Promote manufacturing in India
o Shishu – up to ₹50,000
o Kishor – ₹50,000 to ₹5 lakh
o Tarun – ₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh
• Under: MSME Ministry 16. PM Vishwakarma Yojana

• Started: 17 Sep 2023

• For: Artisans
10. PM SVANidhi Yojana • Loan: Up to ₹3 lakh (no collateral)

• Started: 1 June 2020

• For: Street vendors
• Loan: Up to ₹10,000 (1 year, no collateral) 17. PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
• Benefit: 7% interest subsidy
• Started: 16 July 2015
• Aim: Skill training & employment

11. PM Employment Generation

Programme (PMEGP)
18. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana • Tax: Fully tax-free (EEE)

• Started: 29 Mar 2016 25. ICDS (Integrated Child Development

• By: Ministry of Rural Development Scheme)
• Aim: Poverty reduction & livelihood
improvement • Launched: 1995
• Objective: Nutrition & development of
children (0–6 years)
Urban & Rural
Development 26. NIPUN Bharat Mission

19. Smart Cities Mission • Launched: 5 July 2021

• Ministry: Education
• Launched: 25 June 2015 • Objective: Basic literacy & numeracy by
• Target: Develop 100 cities Class 3

20. AMRUT Scheme (Atal Mission for

Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation)
Health
• Launched: 25 June 2015
• Target: 500 cities 27. Ayushman Bharat Scheme
• Objective: Development of urban
infrastructure • Launched: 23 Sept 2018
• Benefit: ₹5 lakh annual health insurance
21. PM Rural Housing Scheme (PM Awaas • Target: BPL families
Yojana – Gramin)
28. RSBY (Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana)
• Launched: April 2016
• Ministry: Rural Development • Launched: 2008
• Cost Sharing: • Objective: Health insurance for BPL
o Plains – 60:40
families
o Hilly/North-East – 90:10

22. Bharat Nirman Programme

• Launched: 2005 Other Major Schemes

• Objective: Improve quality of rural life
• PM Ujjwala Yojana – 10 Aug 2021, Free
LPG for rural families
• UDAN Scheme – 27 Apr 2017, Affordable
regional flights (₹2500/hour)
Women & Child Welfare • Digital India Mission – 2015, High-speed
internet
23. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao • UDAY Scheme – 2015, DISCOM reforms
(power sector)
• Launched: 22 Jan 2015, Panipat (Haryana) • MP-LADS Scheme – 1993, Area
• Objective: Improve child sex ratio & girls’ development by MPs
education • Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar
Yojana – 1999, Self-employment support
24. Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme • Rural Employment Generation
Programme (REGP) – 1995, Promote
• Launched: 22 Jan 2015 self-employment
• Target Group: Girl child (0–10 years) • National Youth Policy – 2014, For youth
• Investment: ₹1000 – ₹1.5 lakh/year (15–29 years): education & skills
• 🏛 States & Union Territories of India (2025)
• Capital | Governor / Lt. Governor | Chief Minister | Deputy CM
State / UT Capital Governor / Lt. Governor Chief Minister Deputy CM
N. Chandrababu
Andhra Pradesh Amaravati Syed Abdul Nazeer K. Pawan Kalyan
Naidu
Himanta Biswa
Assam Dispur Laxman Acharya —
Sarma
Vijay Kumar Sinha, Samrat
Bihar Patna Arif Mohammad Khan Nitish Kumar
Choudhary
Chhattisgarh Raipur Ramen Deka Vishnu Deo Sai Arun Sao, Vijay Sharma
Sukhvinder Singh
Himachal Pradesh Shimla Shiv Pratap Shukla Mukesh Agnihotri
Sukhu
Jharkhand Ranchi Santosh Gangwar Hemant Soren —
Karnataka Bengaluru Thawar Chand Gehlot Siddaramaiah D. K. Shivakumar
Goa Panaji Ashok Gajapati Raju Pramod Sawant —
Gujarat Gandhinagar Acharya Devvrat Bhupendra Patel —
Haryana Chandigarh Ashim Kumar Ghosh Nayab Singh Saini —
Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Rajendra Arlekar Pinarayi Vijayan —
Jagdish Deora, Rajendra
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Mangubhai C. Patel Mohan Yadav
Shukla
Pushkar Singh
Uttarakhand Dehradun Gurmeet Singh —
Dhami
Devendra
Maharashtra Mumbai C. P. Radhakrishnan Ajit Pawar, Eknath Shinde
Fadnavis
Manipur Imphal Ajay Kumar Bhalla President’s Rule —
Meghalaya Shillong C. H. Vijayashankar Conrad Sangma —
Mizoram Aizawl V. K. Singh Laldohama —
Diya Kumari, Premchand
Rajasthan Jaipur Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde Bhajanlal Sharma
Bairwa
Prem Singh
Sikkim Gangtok Om Prakash Mathur —
Tamang
Tamil Nadu Chennai R. N. Ravi M. K. Stalin Udhayanidhi
T. R. Zeliang, Yanthungo
Nagaland Kohima Ajay Kumar Bhalla Neiphiu Rio
Patton
Mohan Charan Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo,
Odisha Bhubaneswar Kambampati Haribabu
Majhi Pravati Parida
Punjab Chandigarh Gulab Chand Kataria Bhagwant Mann —
Tripura Agartala Indrasena Reddy Manik Saha —
Telangana Hyderabad Jishnu Dev Varma Revanth Reddy Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka
Keshav Prasad Maurya,
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Anandiben Patel Yogi Adityanath
Brajesh Pathak
West Bengal Kolkata C. V. Ananda Bose Mamata Banerjee —
Kaivalya Trivikram
Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Pema Khandu Chowna Mein
Parnaik
Vinay Kumar Saxena (Lt.
Delhi (UT) New Delhi Rekha Gupta —
Governor)
 State / UT Capital Governor / Lt. Governor Chief Minister Deputy CM
Andaman & Devendra Kumar Joshi (Lt.
Port Blair — —
Nicobar (UT) Governor)
Chief Secretary: Rajeev
Chandigarh (UT) Chandigarh — —
Verma (IAS)
Jammu & Kashmir Manoj Sinha (Lt. Surendra Kumar
Srinagar / Jammu Omar Abdullah
(UT) Governor) Choudhary
Kavindra Gupta (Lt.
Ladakh (UT) Leh — —
Governor)
Kuniyil Kailasanathan (Lt.
Puducherry (UT) Pondicherry N. Rangasamy —
Governor)

3. P. V. Narasimha Rao – 9th Prime Minister

National Awards of of India (Posthumous)
4. Lal Krishna Advani – Former Deputy PM,
India (2024) Senior BJP Leader
5. Chaudhary Charan Singh – 5th Prime
Minister of India, former CM of UP
🇮🇳 Bharat Ratna (Posthumous)

India’s highest civilian award, given for

exceptional contribution in any field of human
endeavor. 🎖 Padma Awards (Started
Important Points: 1954, announced every year on
26th January)
• First Recipients (1954):
1. C. Rajagopalachari
• Padma Vibhushan – 2nd highest
2. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
civilian award
• Padma Bhushan – 3rd highest
• Padma Shri – 4th highest

Padma Shri
3. C. V. Raman
• First Woman Recipient: Indira Gandhi • First Athlete Recipient: Milkha Singh
• Foreign Recipients: Nelson Mandela, (2009)
Abdul Ghaffar Khan • Total in 2024: 110 awardees
• First Posthumous Awardee: Lal Bahadur
Shastri
• Only Industrialist Awardee: J. R. D. Tata
Padma Vibhushan (2024)
Bharat Ratna – 2024 Recipients
• First Winner: Satyendra Nath Bose
1. Karpoori Thakur – Former CM of Bihar (Physicist)
2. M. S. Swaminathan – Father of India’s • 2024 Awardees:
Green Revolution (Posthumous) o Vyjayanthimala Bali
 o Chiranjeevi State /
o M. Venkaiah Naidu No. Name Field
Country
o Bindeshwar Pathak (Posthumous)
Public
o Padma Subrahmanyam 8 Ram Naik Maharashtra
Service
Tejas
9 Madhusudan Medicine Gujarat
Patel
Padma Bhushan – 2024
Olenchery Public
10 Kerala
Total Recipients: 17 Rajagopal Service
Dattatraya
State / Ambadas
No. Name Field 11 Arts Maharashtra
Country Mayalu
(Rajdatt)
M. Fathima
Public Togdan
1 Beevi Kerala
Service 12 Rinpoche Spirituality Ladakh
(Posthumous)
(Posthumous)
Literature &
Hormusji N. Pyare Lal
2 Education – Maharashtra 13 Arts Maharashtra
Cama Sharma
Journalism
Mithun Chandreshwar
3 Arts West Bengal 14 Medicine Bihar
Chakraborty Prasad Thakur
Trade & 15 Usha Uthup Arts (Music) West Bengal
4 Sitaram Jindal Karnataka
Industry Vijayakanth Arts
16 Tamil Nadu
Trade & (Posthumous) (Cinema)
5 Young Liu Taiwan
Industry Literature &
Ashwin 17 Kundan Vyas Education – Maharashtra
6 Balachandra Medicine Maharashtra Journalism
Mehta
Satyabrata
Public
7 Mukherjee West Bengal
Service
(Posthumous)

B. C. Roy Award
• Field: Medicine Dadasaheb Phalke Award
• Presented by: Medical Council of India
(on Doctor’s Day – 1st July) • Field: Lifetime contribution to Indian
• First Winner: Dr. Sandeep Mukherjee Cinema
• 2024 Winner: Dr. D. Raghunadharao • Named after: Dadasaheb Phalke, Father
of Indian Cinema
• First Indian Film: Raja Harishchandra

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar

Award Shastra Ramanujan Award
• Field: Science & Technology
• Field: Mathematics
• Established: 1958
• Age Limit: Below 32 years
• First Winner: K. S. Krishnan
• 2024 Winner: Alexander Dunn
• 2024 Winners:
1. A. Pundekar
2. Saikia
3. Prof. Mahesh Kakde
 • 2024 English: Easterine Kire (Spirit
India’s Sports Nights, Novel)

Awards
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna
International
•
•
India’s highest sports honor
Former Name: Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
Awards
(renamed on 6th August 2021)
• First Winner: Viswanathan Anand Abel Prize
(Chess)
• Field: Mathematics (Global equivalent of
Arjuna Award the “Nobel” in Mathematics)
• 2024 Winner: Michel Talagrand (France)
• Field: Excellence in Sports
• Started: 1961
• Cash Prize: ₹15 lakh
• Presented by: Ministry of Youth Affairs Gallantry Awards (India)
& Sports
• First Woman Winner: Anne Lumsden
• Param Vir Chakra: Highest wartime
(Hockey, 1961)
gallantry award
• Ashok Chakra: Highest peacetime
Dronacharya Award gallantry award
• Others: Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra,
• Field: Sports Coaching Kirti Chakra, Shaurya Chakra
• Started: 1985 • Presented on: Republic Day (26th
• First Winners: January)
1. Bhalchandra Bhargava (Wrestling)
2. O. M. Nambiar (Athletics)
3. Om Prakash Bhardwaj (Boxing)
• First Woman Coach Awardee: Hansa
Sharma (2000, Weightlifting) Grammy Awards (Music)
• Field: Music
• Indian Winners:
1. Pandit Ravi Shankar – 5-time
Special Awards winner
2. Tanvi Shah – First Indian woman
winner
Sanjay Gandhi Award

• Started: 1972
• Field: Environment / Ecology
• Cash Prize: ₹1 lakh Nobel Prize
• Established: 1901
• Fields: Physics, Chemistry, Medicine,
Peace, Literature, Economics (added in
Sahitya Akademi Award 1968)
• Founder: Alfred Nobel
• Field: Literature (in 24 languages)
• 2024 Hindi: Gagan Gill (Main Jab Tak
Aayi Bahar, Poetry)
🇮🇳 Indian Nobel Laureates

• Rabindranath Tagore – Literature (1913)

 • C. V. Raman – Physics Award State Field
• Har Gobind Khorana – Medicine
Guru Gopinath Dance
• Mother Teresa – Peace Kerala
Natya Award Performance
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – Physics
• Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – Chemistry Abhinandan Classical
National
• Kailash Satyarthi – Peace (2014) Sangeet Award Dance
• Abhijit Banerjee – Economics (2019) Sangeet Natak National Performing
Akademi Award (Since 1952) Arts
Lata Mangeshkar Madhya Excellence in
Award Pradesh Music
Nobel Prize 2024 Winners
• Physics: John J. Hopfield, Geoffrey E. National
Hinton
• Medicine: Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun Organizations (Simple
• Chemistry: David Baker, Demis Hassabis,
John M. Jumper Form)
• Literature: Han Kang
• Peace: Nihon Hidankyo (Japan) 1. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
• Economics: Daron Acemoglu, Simon • Established: 1980
Johnson, James Robinson • Headquarters: Hyderabad
• Functions:
Booker Prize
1. Satellite data acquisition
• Field: Literature 2. Data processing and distribution
• First Indian Winner: Arundhati Roy (The 3. Aerial remote sensing
God of Small Things) 4. Disaster management support
• 2024 Winner: Samantha Harvey (UK) – • Works under: ISRO
Orbital
2. ISRO (Indian Space Research
Organisation)
• Established: 15 August 1969
• Founder: Vikram Sarabhai
State-level Arts & • Current Chairman: Dr. S. Somanath

Music Awards 3. BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in

India)
• Established: December 1928
Award State Field • Headquarters: Mumbai
M. G. Music Contribution to • Current President: Roger Binny
Nagaland
Award Music
Andhra Telugu 4. Govindji Nat Sankirtan (Manipur)
Nandi Award
Pradesh Cinema • Founder: Guru Bipin Singh
Harivarasanam Devotional • Purpose: Promote Manipuri classical dance
Kerala • Guru Bipin Singh = Father of Manipuri Dance
Award Music
Madhya
Classical 5. Nrityagram Dance Institute (Karnataka)
Tansen Samman Pradesh
Music • Focus: Classical dance education and training
(Gwalior)
Visual & 6. Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance
Madhya
Kalidas Samman Performing Academy (Imphal)
Pradesh
Arts • Established: 1954
Guru Kelucharan Classical • Purpose: Preserve Manipuri Dance
Odisha
Mohapatra Award Dance
 7. Shantiniketan 18. Indian Institute of Tourism & Travel
• Established: 1863 (by Debendranath Tagore) Management
• Expanded: 1901 (by Rabindranath Tagore) • Established: 1983
• Type: Cultural and Educational Institution • Location: Gwalior

8. Darpana Academy (Ahmedabad,

Gujarat)
• Founder: Mrinalini Sarabhai 19. Lakshmibai National College of
• Dance forms: Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi Physical Education (Thiruvananthapuram)
• Established: 1949
20. Dattopant Thengadi National Board of
9. Sangeet Natak Akademi Workers Education
• Established: 1953 • Established: 1958
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• First President: P.V. Rajamannar 21. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute (Manali,
• Current President: Dr. Sandhya Purecha Himachal Pradesh)
• Established: 1961
10. Madras Music Academy (Chennai)
• Award: Sangeeta Kala Acharya Award (since 22. FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers
1943) of Commerce & Industry)
• Established: 1927
11. Sports Authority of India (SAI) • Headquarters: New Delhi
• Established: 1984 • Current President: Harshvardhan Agarwal
• Headquarters: Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New
Delhi 23. CSIR (Council of Scientific & Industrial
• Ministry: Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Research)
• Established: 1942
12. ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural • Headquarters: Delhi
Research) • Director-General: Dr. N. Kalaiselvi
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Function: Agricultural education and research 24. ICMR (Indian Council of Medical
• Institute: Sugarcane Breeding Institute Research)
• Headquarters: Delhi
13. E-Gopala App
• Launched by: National Dairy Development 25. DRDO (Defence Research &
Board (NDDB) Development Organisation)
• Headquarters: Coimbatore • Established: 1958
• Verghese Kurien = Father of White Revolution • Headquarters: Delhi
• Chairman: Dr. Samir V. Kamat
14. Nehru Mountaineering Institute
(Uttarakhand) 26. Indian Academy of Sciences
• Established: 1934 (by C.V. Raman)
15. LNIPE (Lakshmibai National Institute • Headquarters: Bangalore
of Physical Education, Madhya Pradesh)
• Established: 1957 27. Indian National Science Academy (New
Delhi)
16. ITC Sangeet Research Academy
(Kolkata) 28. NABARD (National Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development)
17. Bhatkhande Music Institute University • Established: 1982
(Lucknow) • Chairman: Shaji K.V.
• Also called: “Marriss College of Hindustani
Music” 29. Indian Agricultural Research Institute
(New Delhi)
 30. NDTL (National Dope Testing • Established: 1965
Laboratory) • Headquarters: Chennai
• Headquarters: Delhi
• Under: NADA (Delhi) 41. Indian Institute of Soil Science (Bhopal)
• International Link: WADA (Montreal, Canada)
42. GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs
31. Forest Research Institute & Trade)
• Established: 1906 • Established: 1947
• Location: Dehradun
43. Lalit Kala Akademi (New Delhi, 1954)
32. Indian Spice Board (Kochi, Kerala)
44. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on
33. BRO (Border Roads Organisation) Climate Change)
• Established: 1960 • Established: 1988
• Headquarters: Delhi • Headquarters: Geneva (Switzerland)
• DG: Lt. General Raghu Srinivasan
45. Tagore Centre (Shimla, 2013)
34. Badminton Association of India (New
Delhi, 1934) 46. CITES (Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna &
35. UNESCO Flora)
• Established: 1945 • Established: 1975
• Headquarters: Paris (France) • Headquarters: Geneva

36. HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) 47. Indian Hockey Federation

• Established: 1940 • Established: 1925
• Headquarters: Bengaluru • Headquarters: New Delhi

37. PFI (Popular Front of India) 48. IDBI Bank

• Established: 2006 • Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Headquarters: New Delhi

38. National Institute of Oceanography

(Goa) Extra Organizations
• National Rifle Association of India – 1951
39. ARIES (Aryabhatta Research Institute • Gandhian College – Delhi
of Observational Sciences, Nainital) • G20 Summit – Chief Coordinator: Harshvardhan
• Established: 2004 Shringla
• NIMAS (National Institute of Mountaineering
40. Chennai Petroleum Corporation and Adventure Sports) – Arunachal Pradesh
Limited

International Organizations & Headquarters

Geneva (Switzerland)

• WHO – World Health Organization (1948)

• ILO – International Labour Organization (1919)
• WMO – World Meteorological Organization
• WTO – World Trade Organization
• WIPO – World Intellectual Property Organization
• ISO – International Organization for Standardization
• IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
• UNDRR – United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
• ITU – International Telecommunication Union
• WEF – World Economic Forum
• UPU – Universal Postal Union
• WWF – World Wide Fund for Nature
• IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature

London (UK)

• Commonwealth – The Commonwealth of Nations

• IMO – International Maritime Organization
• WGC – World Gold Council

Washington D.C. (USA)

• IMF – International Monetary Fund (1945)

• World Bank (1944)
• NSR – National Security Review

Paris (France)

• FATF – Financial Action Task Force

• UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
• OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• ISC – International Science Council

Rome (Italy)

• FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization

• WFP – World Food Programme
• IFAD – International Fund for Agricultural Development

Vienna (Austria)

• UNIDO – United Nations Industrial Development Organization

• IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency
• OPEC – Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

New York (USA)

• United Nations (UN) (1945)

• UNICEF – United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
• UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund
• UN Women – United Nations Entity for Gender Equality
• UNSC – United Nations Security Council
• UNDP – United Nations Development Programme

Montreal (Canada)

• WADA – World Anti-Doping Agency

• ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization
 The Hague (Netherlands)

• ICJ – International Court of Justice

Brussels (Belgium)

• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Singapore

• APEC – Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Zurich (Switzerland)

• FIFA – Fédération Internationale de Football Association

Dubai (UAE)

• ICC – International Cricket Council

SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

• Established: December 1985
• Headquarters: Kathmandu, Nepal
• Member Countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

Transport in India
• Based on: 1988 Act
Passenger Transport Usage • Chairman: Santosh Kumar Yadav
• Function: Construction & maintenance of
• Roads – 87% national highways
• Railways – 5%
BRO – Border Roads Organization

• Established: 7 May 1960

Road Transport • Ministry: Ministry of Defence
• DG: Lt. Gen. Raghu Srinivasan
• India’s Road Network: 2nd largest in the • Function: Road construction in border &
world (after USA) hilly areas
• National Highways Authority Act – 1988
• Motor Vehicle Act – 1988 PWD – Public Works Department
• PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana) – 2000 • Established: 1854 (Dalhousie Era)
• Function: Maintenance of district and
NHAI – National Highways Authority village level roads
of India
Important Facts
• Established: 1995
• Longest National Highway: NH-44 Major Ports
(3,745 km, passes through 11 states)
• Golden Quadrilateral (5,846 km): Delhi 1. Cochin – Kerala
– Kolkata – Chennai – Mumbai 2. Kandla (largest import port) – Gujarat
• North-South Corridor (4,000 km): 3. JNPT (largest container port) –
Srinagar → Kanyakumari Maharashtra
• East-West Corridor (3,507 km): 4. Mumbai Port (largest natural & busiest)
Porbandar → Silchar – Maharashtra
5. Mormugao – Goa
Important National Highways: 6. Mangaluru – Karnataka
7. Paradip – Odisha
• NH-16: Chennai – Kolkata 8. Haldia – West Bengal
• NH-48: Delhi – Chennai 9. Visakhapatnam – Andhra Pradesh
• NH-6: Meghalaya – Mizoram 10. Port Blair – Andaman
11. Tuticorin – Tamil Nadu
12. Chennai (oldest) – Tamil Nadu
13. Ennore – Tamil Nadu
Rail Transport
National Waterways
• Railway Day: 16 April
• Railway Board Established: 1905 • NW-1: Allahabad – Haldia (longest)
• Separated from General Budget: 1924, • NW-2: Sadiya – Dhubri (Brahmaputra,
Merged again: 2017 Assam)
• World Rank: 4th largest • NW-3: Kollam – Kottapuram (Kerala)
• NW-4: Kakinada – Puducherry (Godavari,
Krishna)
Important Facts • NW-5: Brahmani River – East Coast Canal
• First Train: 16 April 1853, Mumbai –
Thane
• First Electric Train: 3 February 1925,
Bombay – Kurla Air Transport
• Railway Zones: 18
• Largest Station: New Delhi Major International Airports
• Highest Station: Ghum (Darjeeling)
• Longest Bridge: Dr. Bhupen Hazarika
• Indira Gandhi International – Delhi
Bridge
(busiest)
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj – Mumbai
Other Highlights • Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose – Kolkata
• Sri Guru Ram Das Ji – Amritsar
• First Metro: Kolkata, 1984 • Lal Bahadur Shastri – Varanasi
• First Underwater Metro: Kolkata • Chaudhary Charan Singh – Lucknow
• Initiative: Clean My Coach • Swami Vivekananda – Bhubaneswar
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar – Nagpur

Other Airports
Water Transport
• Veer Savarkar – Port Blair
• Handles 95% of India’s trade (by • Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – Ahmedabad
volume) • Devi Ahilyabai Holkar – Indore
• 13 major & ~200 minor ports
 National Parks of India
Ladakh

• Hemis National Park Rajasthan Tamil Nadu

→ Largest in India
(~4,400 sq km) • Desert National Park • Guindy National Park
• Ranthambore National • Gulf of Mannar
Park National Park
• Sariska National Park • Mukurthi National Park
Himachal Pradesh • Keoladeo National • Indira Gandhi National
Park Park
• Great Himalayan • Mukundra Hills • Sathyamangalam
National Park National Park National Park
• Simbalbara National
Park
• Inderkilla National
Park Sikkim Gujarat
• Pin Valley National
Park • Khangchendzonga • Gir National Park
• Kheer Ganga National National Park • Vansda National Park
Park • Blackbuck National
Park
• Marine National Park
Andaman & Nicobar → First Marine Park
Jammu & Kashmir of India
Islands
• Salim Ali National • Campbell Bay National
Park (City Forest) Park
• Dachigam National • Galathea Bay National Chhattisgarh
Park Park
• Kishtwar National Park • Middle Button National • Indravati National Park
Park • Kanger Valley National
• South Button National Park
Park → Smallest in • Guru Ghasidas
Uttarakhand India National Park
• North Button National
• Nanda Devi National Park
Park • Saddle Peak National
• Govind Pashu Vihar Park Madhya Pradesh
National Park • Mahatma Gandhi (State with maximum
• Rajaji National Park Marine National Park National Parks in India)
• Valley of Flowers • Rani Jhansi National
National Park Park
• Kanha National Park
• Jim Corbett National • Bandhavgarh National
Park (1936 – Oldest, Important Species: Park
earlier called Hailey • Panna National Park
National Park) • Megapode • Sanjay National Park
Also known as • Crab-eating macaque • Van Vihar National
Ramganga National • Nicobar pigeon Park (Bhopal – Urban
Park • Giant robber crab Forest)
• Satpura National Park
• Pench National Park Karnataka • Dibru-Saikhowa
(Shared with National Park
Maharashtra) • Anshi National Park • Orang National Park
• Madhav National Park • Bandipur National Park • Manas National Park
• Fossil National Park • Bannerghatta National → UNESCO World
• Rani Kamlapati Park (Near Bengaluru) Heritage Site
National Park • Kudremukh National • Nameri National Park
• Rajiv Gandhi National Park • Raimona National Park
Park • Nagarhole National • Dehing Patkai National
• Palpur Kuno National Park Park → Newest
Park → Cheetah National Park of
Reintroduction India
Project site
Maharashtra

• Chandoli National Park Important

Uttar Pradesh • Gugamal National Park
• Tadoba National Park
Facts
• Dudhwa National Park → Highest number of
visitors • Largest → Hemis
• Navegaon National (Ladakh)
Park • Smallest → South
Bihar • Sanjay Gandhi Button (Andaman &
National Park → Very Nicobar)
• Valmiki National Park popular • Oldest → Jim Corbett
(Uttarakhand, 1936)
• First Marine Park →
Marine NP (Gujarat)
• Cheetah
Jharkhand Assam Reintroduction →
Kuno NP (Madhya
• Betla National Park • Kaziranga National Pradesh)
Park → UNESCO • UNESCO Sites →
World Heritage Site Kaziranga, Manas
(Assam)

Important Dams in India

Key Facts India’s Highest Gravity Nagarjuna Sagar Dam –
Dam – Bhakra Dam Krishna River
World’s Highest Dam – (Himachal Pradesh)
Nurek Dam Srisailam Dam – Krishna
(Tajikistan) India’s Oldest Dam – River
Kallanai Dam (Tamil
World’s Longest Dam – Nadu) Somasila Dam – Penna
Hirakud Dam River
(Odisha) India’s Largest Dam –
Tehri Dam Chhattisgarh
India’s Highest Dam – (Uttarakhand)
Tehri Dam Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango
(Uttarakhand) Dam – Hasdeo River

Andhra Pradesh Rudri Dam – Mahanadi

Gujarat Dul Hasti Dam – Chenab Ujjani Dam – Bhima River
River
Ukai Dam – Tapi River Uttar Pradesh
Uri Dam – Jhelum River
Sardar Sarovar Dam – Rihand Dam (Govind
Narmada River Odisha Ballabh Pant Sagar
Dam) – Rihand River
Mitti Dam – Mitti River Hirakud Dam – Mahanadi
Uttarakhand
Himachal Pradesh Karnataka
Koteshwar Dam –
Pong Dam – Beas River Krishna Raja Sagar Dam – Ramganga River
Kaveri River
Bhakra Dam – Sutlej River Tehri Dam – Bhagirathi
Tungabhadra Dam – River
Gauri Suil Dam – Suil Tungabhadra River
River (Chamba Punjab
District) Almatti Dam – Krishna
River Ranjit Sagar Dam – Ravi
Jharkhand River
Madhya Pradesh
Maithon Dam – Barakar Rajasthan
River Bansagar Dam – Son River
Jawahar Sagar Dam –
Panchet Dam – Damodar Gandhi Sagar Dam – Chambal River
River Chambal River
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam –
Tilaiya Dam – Barakar Indira Sagar Dam – Chambal River
River Narmada River
Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam –
Kerala Omkareshwar Dam – Mahi River
Narmada River
Idukki Dam – Periyar Tamil Nadu
River Maharashtra
Bhavani Dam – Bhavani
Mullaperiyar Dam – Bhosga Dam – Bhatsa River
Periyar River River
Mettur Dam – Kaveri
Jammu & Kashmir Koyna Dam – Koyna River River

Baglihar Dam – Chenab Bembla Dam – Bembla Solaiyar Dam – Bhavani

River River River

Salal Dam – Chenab River Bawan Dam – Barna River

Lakes (World & India)

Famous Lakes of the Most Saline Lake Largest Artificial Lake
World (Landlocked, SW Asia (Asia) → Bhopal Lake
– between Israel &
Jordan) → Dead Sea
(~340 g/L)
 Largest Saltwater Lake Narayan Sarovar Sagar Talab
(World) → Caspian
Sea Sardar Sarovar Dam Lake Maharashtra

Largest Freshwater Lake Haryana Lonar Lake (Crater Lake)

(by volume) → Baikal
Lake (Russia) Blue Bird Lake Gorewada Lake

Largest Freshwater Lake Surajkund Lake Tadoba Lake

(by area) → Lake
Superior Himachal Pradesh Upvan Lake

Largest Freshwater Lake Govind Sagar Lake Manipur

in India → Wular
Lake (J&K) Pong Dam Lake Loktak Lake (Largest
freshwater lake of
Saltwater Lakes in India Jammu & Kashmir Northeast India)
→ Chilika Lake Keibul Lamjao –
(Odisha), Sambhar Dal Lake Only floating National
Lake (Rajasthan) Park in the world is
Anchar Lake here

Mansar Lake Mizoram

🇮🇳 Lakes of India
Sheshnag Lake Palak Dil Lake
Andhra Pradesh
Wular Lake Odisha
Pulicat Lake (Lagoon)
Ladakh Chilika Lake (Saltwater
Kolleru Lake (Lagoon) Lagoon, near Mahanadi
Pangong Tso Lake Delta)
Kamariti Lake
Tso Moriri Lake Ansupa Lake
Assam
Tso Kar Lake Punjab
Sagar Rudra Sthal
Kyagar Tso Lake Harike Wetland
Tej Sagar Lake
Karnataka Ropar Wetland
Kapla Beel, Dora Beel,
Urpad Beel, Beta Beel, Pampa Sarovar Lake Rajasthan
Saron Beel
Bellandur Lake Sambhar Lake (Largest
Bihar inland saltwater lake in
Kerala India)
Kanwar Lake (Bird
Sanctuary) Vembanad Lake (Longest Pushkar Lake
Lake in India)
Chandigarh Shekharsar Lake
Ashtamudi Lake
Sukhna Lake Sikkim
Vellayani Lake
Gujarat Cholamu Lake
Madhya Pradesh
Thol Lake Tsomgo Lake
Bhojtal (Bhopal Lake)
Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Roopkund Lake

Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Nainital Lake Deoria Tal

(Lake formed by
Rihand Dam) Bhimtal Lake

Important Mountain Passes of India

Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh
Banihal Pass Bara-Lacha La Difu Pass

Pir Panjal Pass Rohtang Pass Dihang Pass

Ladakh Debsa Pass Bomdila Pass

Mintika Pass Shipki La Pass Rajasthan

Khardung La Uttarakhand Goram Ghat Pass

Zoji La Lipulekh Pass Haldighati Pass

Chang La Niti Pass Maharashtra

Pensi La Mana Pass Thal Ghat Pass
Darak La Muling La Bhor Ghat
Tag La Sikkim Kerala
Aghil Pass
Nathu La Pal Ghat Pass
Khunjerab Pass
Jelep La Senkol Pass
La Means Pass

Tribes in India
(Based on Census 2011) Related Ministry → Ministry of Tribal
Affairs (MoTA)
General Overview
States with highest ST population:
Share of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India’s
population = 8.6% (~10.48 crore) Madhya Pradesh

Article 342 of the Constitution → 730 tribes Odisha

listed
Maharashtra
 Largest Tribal Group in India → Bhil Tribe Khasi → Meghalaya (Nongkrem Dance)

Garo → Meghalaya (Wangala Dance)

Major Tribes of India Siddi → Gujarat

Apatani → Arunachal Pradesh

Tribe Region Feature / Note
Famous for Lakkarai Bhil → Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Irular Kerala
Dance Maharashtra
Raika Rajasthan -
UP, Bihar, Korwa → Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh
Tharu -
Uttarakhand
Warli → Maharashtra

Chenchus → Telangana
Important Tribes (State-wise)

Gond → Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,

Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha Neighboring Countries & Tribes
Santhal → Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Nepal → Tharu, Tamang, Newar, Bhutia
Odisha
Pakistan → Pashtun, Muhajir
Zeliangrong → Manipur (famous for Gaan
Ngai Festival) Kenya & Tanzania → Maasai
Bodo → Assam, Meghalaya (Bagurumba Bhutan → Monpa
Dance)
Myanmar → Burmese Tribes
 CURRENT AFFAIRS MARATHON
BY DK AGRAWAL

Appointment
❖ Chief Justice of SC – BR Gavai (52nd) ❖ National Commission for Minorities – Iqbal
❖ Attorney General of India – R. Singh Lalpura
Venkataramani ❖ SEBI Chairman – Tuhin Kanta Pandey
❖ Solicitor General of India – Tushar Mehta ❖ CBDT Chairman – Ravi Agarwal
❖ National Green Tribunal Chairman – J. ❖ Chairperson, Lokpal – Ajay Manikrao
Prakash Srivastava Khanwilkar
❖ Chief Election Commissioner – Gyanesh ❖ 16th Finance Commission Chairman – Arvind
Kumar (26th) Panagariya
❖ Election Commissioners – Vivek Joshi and
Sukhbir Sandhu ❖ SSC Chairman – S. Gopalakrishnan
❖ Comptroller and Auditor General – Sanjay ❖ ISRO Chairman – Dr. V. Narayanan
Murthy ❖ DRDO Chairman – Samir V Kamat

❖ Comptroller General of Accounts – S.S ❖ ICC Chairman – Jay Shah

Dubey ❖ ICC CEO – Geoff Allardice
❖ Air Force Chief – Amar Preet Singh ❖ BCCI President – Roger Binni
❖ Navy Chief – Dinesh Kumar Tripathi ❖ Indian Test Captain – Shubhman Gill
❖ Army Chief – Upendra Dwivedi ❖ DRDO Chairman – Samir V Kamat
❖ Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) – Anil Chauhan
(2nd) ❖ Indian Olympic Association President – PT
Usha
❖ Defence Finance Secretary – Gargi Kaul ❖ IWF Athletes Commission – Mirabai Chanu
❖ National Security Advisor – Ajit Doval ❖ FICCI President – Harshavardhan Agarwal
❖ Vigilance Commissioner, CVC – Praveen
Kumar Srivastava ❖ FICCI Secretary General – Shailesh Pathak
❖ CBI Director – Praveen Sood ❖ RBI Governor – Sanjay Malhotra (26th)
❖ IB Head – Tapan Kumar Deka ❖ SBI Chairman – Challa Srinivasulu Setty
❖ UN Secretary General – Antonio Guterres
❖ BSF Director General – Daljit Singh ❖ CRPF DG – Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Chaudhary ❖ Finance Secretary of India – Ajay Seth
❖ CISF DG – R.S. Bhatti ❖ CBSE Chairman – Vineet Joshi
❖ NITI Ayog Chairman – PM Narendra Modi ❖ Director of the Federal Bureau of
❖ Deputy Chairman of NITI Ayog – Suman Investigation (FBI) – Kash Patel
Kumar Bery ❖ Law Secretary – Anju Rathi Rana (First
❖ CEO, NITI Ayog – BVR Subrahmanyam Woman)
❖ Delhi Waqf Board CEO – Azimul Haque
❖ UPSC Chairman – Ajay Kumar ❖ UIDAI CEO – Bhuvnesh Kumar
❖ Chairperson, National Commission for ❖ ICAR DG – Dr. Mangi Lal Jat
women – Vijaya Rahatkar
❖ Chairperson, National Backward Classes
Commission – Hansraj Gangaram Ahir
❖ Chairman, National Commission for ST –
Antar Singh Arya
❖ Chairman, National Commission for SC –
Kishor Makwana
 BCCI Awards 2025
Awards ➢ Best International Cricketer (Men) – Jasprit
Nobel Prize – 2024 Bumrah
➢ Medicine – Victor Ambros and Gary ➢ Best International Cricketer (Women) –
Ruvkum Smriti Mandhana
➢ Physics – John Hopfield and Geoffrey National Film Awards – 2024
Hinton ➢ Best Film – Aattam
➢ Chemistry – David Baker, Demis Hassabis ➢ Best Actor – Rishab Shetty (Film – Kantara)
and John Jumper BAFTA Awards – 2025
➢ Peace – Nihon Hidankyo (Japanese Org.) ➢ Best Film – Conclave (Christopher Nolan)
➢ Economics – Daron Acemoglu, Simon ➢ Best Actor – Brady Corbet (The Brutalist)
Johnson and James Robinson Cannes Film Awards – 2025
➢ Literature – Han Kang ➢ Best Actor – Wagner Moura
Padma Awards – 2025 – On Republic Day ➢ Best Actress – Nadiya Meliti
➢ 139 persons (7 Padma Vibhusan, 19 Sahitya Akademi Award – 2024
Padma Bhushan and 113 Padma Shri) ➢ English – Easterine Kire (Spirit Nights)
➢ Total Women – 23 ➢ Hindi – Gagan Gill (Mai Jab Tak Aai Bahar)
Padma Vibhushan Oscar Awards – 2025
1. Duvvuvar Nageswara Reddy ➢ Best Film – Anora
2. Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar ➢ Best Actor – Adrien Brody (The Brutalist)
3. Mrs. Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia ➢ Best Actress – Mikey Madison (Anora)
4. Lakshminarayan Subramaniam Grammy Awards – 2025
5. M.T Vasudevan Nair ➢ Album of the Year – Beyonce
6. Osamu Suzuki ➢ Record of the year & Song of the year –
7. Sharda Sinha Kendrick Lamar (Not Like Us)
Miss World 2025 – Opal Suchata Chuangsri Fimfare Awards – 2024
(Thailand) ➢ Best Film – 12th Fail
Mrs. World 2025 – Tshego Gelai (First Black ➢ Best Director – Vinod Chopra (12th Fail)
Woman) ➢ Best Actor – Ranbir Kapoor (Animal)
Miss Universe, India 2024 – Riya Singha (Guj) Grammy Awards – 2025
Ramon Magsaysay Award – 2024 ➢ Album of the Year – Beyonce
➢ Karma Phuntsho (Bhutan) ➢ Record of the year & Song of the year –
➢ Gusen Thi Ngok Phuong (Vietnam) Kendrick Lamar (Not Like Us)
➢ Parveeja Farhan (Indonesia) Awards in the Field of Literature
➢ Miyazaki Hayao (Japan) ➢ Jnanpith Award 2024– Vinod Kumar
➢ Rural Doctors Movement (Thailand) Shukla (Hindi Writer)
ICC Awards 2024 ➢ Vyas Samman 2024 – Suryabala
➢ Men’s Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit ➢ Saraswati Samman 2024 – Sadhu
Bumrah Bhadreshdas
➢ Men’s Test Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit ➢ Booker Prize 2024 – Samantha Harvey
Bumrah Abel Prize 2025 (Math) – Masaki Kashiwara (2024
➢ Men’s T20 Cricketer of the year – – Michel Taillegrand)
Arshdeep Singh (India) Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2025 (Hindi) –
➢ Men’s ODI Cricketer of the Year – Pravesh Yadav
Azmatullah Omarzai Highest civilian award of Mauritius & Kuwait –
➢ Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year – PM Narendra Modi
Smriti Mandhana Woman of the year 2025 (Time Magazine) –
UK Knighthood Honour – N. Chandrasekaran Purnima Barman
 ✓ India became the first country to land near
Awards the lunar south pole
Aditya L1 Mission ✓ Lander (Vikram) Rover (Pragyan)
✓ Launched By: Indian Space Research RHUMI-1
Organisation (ISRO) ✓ It’s a reusable hybrid sounding rocket
✓ Mission Type: Solar Observation ✓ Launched by Space Zone India, a Chennai-
✓ Launch Date: 2nd September 2023 based aerospace startup.
✓ Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C57 Megha-Tropiques Satellite Mission
✓ Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre ✓ Joint satellite mission between ISRO and
(SDSC), Sriharikota CNES (French space agency)
✓ Destination: Lagrange Point 1 (L1) ✓ Aimed at studying the water cycle and
✓ Mission Duration: 5 years (designed) energy exchanges in the tropical
✓ Study the Sun’s outer atmosphere (corona atmosphere.
and chromosphere) TRISHNA: Satellite Mission
✓ Understand the drivers of space weather ✓ Full Form: Thermal Infra-Red Imaging
and solar activities Satellite for High-resolution Natural
LUPEX Mission Resource Assessment
✓ Full Name: Lunar Polar Exploration Mission ✓ Agencies Involved: ISRO and CNES (France)
✓ Agencies Involved: ISRO (India) + JAXA ✓ Type: Earth observation – focuses on high-
(Japan) resolution thermal and optical imaging
✓ Mission Type: Lunar exploration – Rover Titan Space Mission: 2029
and lander mission ✓ Jahnavi Dangeti (Palakollu, Andhra
✓ Target Moon’s South Pole Expected Launch Pradesh) has been selected as an
2026 (tentative) Astronaut Candidate (ASCAN) for Titans
✓ Launch Vehicle: Likely H3 Launch Vehicle Space Industries (TSI) in the “Astronaut
(by Japan) Class of 2025”
✓ Mission Duration~6 months YUVIKA – YUva VIgyani KAryakram
✓ Landing Site Lunar South Pole Region – ✓ Launched by the Indian Space Research
permanently shadowed craters Organisation (ISRO), YUVIKA aims to ignite
SpaDex Mission interest in space science and technology
✓ Full Name SPADEX – Space Docking among school students
Experiment Developed by ISRO SCATSAT-1 Satellite
✓ Mission Type: Technology demonstration – ✓ Launched by ISRO
space docking ✓ SCATSAT-1 is a weather satellite primarily
✓ launch by 2026 designed to provide accurate ocean
✓ India became the fourth country in the surface wind vector data for weather
world to perform docking in space forecasting, particularly cyclone
Chandrayan – 3 Mission prediction.
✓ Type: Lunar Exploration ISRO’s Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)
✓ Launch Date: 14 July 2023 ✓ ISRO is developing the NGLV to replace
✓ Launch Vehicle: LVM3-M4 (formerly GSLV existing launch vehicles like the PSLV and
Mk III) GSLV, aiming to enhance India's space
✓ Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre capabilities.
(Sriharikota) ✓ Reusability and Semi-Cryogenic Engine
✓ Landing Date: 23 August 2023 Technology used
✓ Landing Site Lunar South Pole region
Axiom Mission 4 Shenzhou – 20 Mission: Launched by China
✓ Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is a FRAM – 2 Mission: Launched by SpaceX
distinguished Indian Air Force (IAF) officer Michibiki – 6 Satellite: Launced by Japan
who made history by becoming the first Lignosat - First Wooden Satellite: Launched by
Indian to travel to the International Space Japan
Station (ISS) and 2nd Indian to go to space Black eyed pea seeds: Germinated by ISRO in
✓ He served as the Mission Pilot for Axiom Space
Mission 4 European Space Agency’s Probe 3 Aircraft:
Bharatiya Antariksh Station (Indian Space Launched by ISRO via PSLV C59 Rocket
Station) India’s First National Space Day – 23 Aug 2024
✓ In August 2024, ISRO (Indian Space Active Cooled Scramjet Subscale Combustor:
Research Organisation) officially ✓ tested for over 1000 Second by DRDO for
announced plans to build the Bharatiya development of Scramjet Engine
Antariksh Station (BAS), India’s own space Nag MK 2 – Anti Tank Guided Missile –
station. ✓ Developed by DRDO – Based on Fire and
✓ The proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station Forget Technology – Successfully tested at
will utilize an orbital habitation module to the Pokhran, Rajasthan
house astronauts during long-duration ❖ Highest Number of Moons – Saturn (274
missions. moons)
✓ India aims to have the station operational
by the early 2030s. Science & Technology
Internation Space Station ➢ India’s First Quantum Computer Valley –
✓ Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore went Amravati – January 2026
on 5 June 2024 Via Boeing Starliner ➢ World’s first genome edited rice varieties –
Spacecraft and returned to earth after 286 Kamala and Pusa DST Rice-1 – Developed
days at the coast of florida on March 19, by India
2025 via SpaceX’s Dragon Capsule. ➢ “Samatha” Launched by C-DOT to promote
✓ Nasa SpaceX Crew-9 Mission launched by innovation in IT Sectors
NASA with SpaceX to bring Sunita williams ➢ Grok 3 – Launched by Elon Musk’s AI
back from space Company
Fireflies (India’s First Private Satellite ➢ India’s first Hydrogen transport pipe –
Constellation) Developed by TATA Steel
✓ Launched by Pixel (Google backed Indian ➢ Gujarat – First State to implement
Space Startup) semiconductor policy
✓ By SpaceX rocket ➢ Cherenkov Telescope – Asia’s largest
ShakthiSAT telescope – Ladakh
✓ Launched by Space Kidz India ➢ The world’s first CNG bike freedom –
✓ To Train about 12000 girls across 108 Launched by Bajaj
countries on space technology ➢ World’s first 6G device – Launched by
AstraView: Commercial Satellite Japan
✓ Dhruva Space (Hyderabad based spacetech ➢ Lucknow (UP) – India’s first AI City
startup) has announced the Launch of ➢ MATSYA – 6000: First Human Underwater
Astraview Submersible launched by India
✓ Designed to provide continuous insights ➢ “Akashteer” – Air defence system –
into Earth Developed by BEL
➢ Sarvam AI – India’s first AI Platform
 PM-E-DRIVE Scheme
Central Govt. Scheme ➢ Full Name: PM Electric Drive Revolution in
PM Suryodaya Scheme Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-
➢ Also: PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana DRIVE) Scheme
➢ Feb 2024 ➢ 29 September 2024
➢ Aim: Provide solar energy to households ➢ Aim: Promote e-mobility & adoption of
➢ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy electric vehicles.
NPS Vatsalya Yojana ➢ Ministry of Heavy Industries
➢ Name: NPS Vatsalya (a sub-scheme under National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement
the National Pension System) Scheme
➢ 18 September 2024 by Finance Minister ➢ June 2024
Nirmala Sitharaman in New Delhi ➢ Aim: Strengthen forensic labs & criminal
➢ Aim: Pension for dependents of deceased justice capacity.
NPS subscribers. ➢ Ministry of Home Affairs
➢ Minimum contribution: 1000Rs PM Jan Dhan Yojana [10 Year Completed]
Pradhan Mantri Internship Scheme ➢ Aim: Financial inclusion via bank accounts,
➢ October 3, 2024 insurance, credit.
➢ Aim: Work-based learning & skill ➢ Ministry of Finance
development for youth. Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)
➢ Ministry of Skill Development and ➢ Effect from 1 April, 2025
Entrepreneurship ➢ Aim: Common pension system ensuring
Pradhan Mantri Vidyalakshmi / PM-Vidyalaxmi post-retirement security
Scheme ➢ Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances &
➢ 6 November 2024 Pensions
➢ Aim: Easy education loans & scholarships Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan
via single platform ➢ 2 Oct 2024
➢ Collateral free up to 10 Lakh. ➢ Aim: Holistic development of tribal villages.
➢ Ministry of Education ➢ Ministry of Tribal Affairs
National Mission on Natural Farming – NMNF 75/25 Initiative
➢ 25 November 2024 ➢ 17 May 2023
➢ Aim: Promote chemical-free sustainable ➢ Aim: Reduce premature NCD deaths by
agriculture. 25% before 2025.
➢ By ministry of agriculture & Farmers ➢ Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
welfare. Amrit Dharohar Yojana
➢ Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare ➢ Launch Year: 2023 (Union Budget
PRERANA Announcement)
➢ 4 January 2024 ➢ Aim: Sustainable wetlands use for
➢ Aim: Remedial learning support for SC/ST livelihood & biodiversity
& underprivileged ➢ Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate
➢ By Indian ministry of education. Change
PM-SURAJ Portal Vivad se Vishwas 2.0
➢ Full Name: Pradhan Mantri Samajik ➢ 2023 (Union Budget announcement)
Utthan and Rojgar Adharit Jankalyan (PM- ➢ Aim: Resolve govt. & private contractual
SURAJ) Portal disputes. By Ministry of Finance
➢ 13 March 2024 My Bill My Right
➢ Aim: Credit & self-employment for ➢ 1 September 2023
marginalized groups ➢ Aim: Promote consumer rights by
➢ Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment demanding bills/invoices.
MISHTI Yojana (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline National Green Hydrogen Mission (Rashtriya
Habitats & Tangible Incomes) Harit Hydrogen Mission)
➢ Launch Year: Union Budget 2023-24 ➢ January 2023
announcement ➢ Aim: Make India global hub for green
➢ Aim: Mangrove plantation & conservation hydrogen production/export
for coastal protection PM-PRANAM Scheme [Ministry of Chemicals &
➢ Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Fertilizers]
Change ➢ 28 June 2023
One Nation One Permit Scheme ➢ Aim: Reduce chemical fertilizer use;
➢ 2023 promote alternative fertilizers
➢ Purpose: Reduce administrative burden, SVANIDHI Se Samridhi Yojana
cut transit delays, lower logistics costs, ➢ 12 April 2022
and streamline supply chain efficiency. ➢ Aim: Link PM-SVANidhi vendors with social
➢ Ministry of Road Transport & Highways security schemes.
UNNATI Yojana (Uttar Poorva Transformative SHRESHTA Yojana
Industrialization Scheme) ➢ 3 June 2022
➢ Ministry of Commerce & Industry ➢ Aim: Residential quality education for SC
Pradhan Mantri Vishwakarma Yojana students in top schools.
➢ 17 September 2023 (on the occasion of ➢ Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
Vishwakarma Jayanti). Agneepath Yojana [Ministry of Defence]
➢ Aim: Support artisans/craftsmen with skill ➢ 14 June 2022
training & tools ➢ Aim: Recruitment of youth as Agniveers in
➢ Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Armed Forces for 4 years.
Enterprises (MSME) PM SHRI Yojana (Prime Minister Schools for
PM Janman Yojana Rising India) [Ministry of Education]
➢ 15 November 2023 ➢ 5 September, 2022
➢ Aim: Development & welfare of PVTGs ➢ Aim: Develop 14,500 model schools with
(tribal groups) NEP-based modern facilities.
➢ Ministry of Tribal Affairs YUVA 2.0 Scheme (Young, Upcoming and
Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP) Versatile Authors 2.0) [Ministry of Education]
➢ 15 February 2023 ➢ Launch 2 October, 2022 (Gandhi Jayanti)
➢ Aim: Develop border villages with ➢ Aim: Mentor young authors, promote
infrastructure & livelihood. writing & publishing culture.
➢ Ministry of Home Affairs Tele-MANAS (Tele Mental Health Assistance and
SATHI Scheme Networking Across States)
➢ 2020 ➢ 10 October 2022
➢ Aim: Provide advanced research & ➢ Aim: 24/7 free mental health support via
technology access in HEIs. tele-counselling.
➢ Ministry of Science & Technology Digital Shakti 4.0 [Ministry of Women & Child
PM-USHA Scheme –Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Development
Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) ➢ 16 November 2022
➢ June 2023 ➢ Aim: Empower women in cyberspace
➢ Aim: Upgrade higher education through awareness & digital safety
institutions PM DEVINE (Pradhan Mantri Development
➢ Ministry of Education Initiative for North-East)
E-Bus Sewa Scheme [2023] ➢ 2022
➢ Aim: Eco-friendly urban transport through
➢ Infrastructure & livelihood projects for NE
electric buses. India, job creation.
 State Govt. Scheme Bajra Mission
CHHATTISGARH

UTTAR PRADESH  Make the state a hub for millet production

and consumption in India.
Abhyudaya Program Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Bhumihin Majdur Nyay
 Free coaching for students preparing for Yojana
competitive exams.  7000/- per year
Kisan Kalyan Mission Garbage Cafe Scheme
 To double the income of farmers by 2022.  People can exchange collected plastic
UP Matrubhumi Yojana waste for free food
 Govt bears 50% cost of development Godhan-Nyay Yojana
works.  The income of cattle herders will be
Bal Shramik Vidya Yojana increased by purchasing cow dung by the
 School education for children of child government.
labourers, orphans, aged 8–18 years.
Mukhyamantri Yuva Udyami Vikas Abhiyan WEST BENGAL
(MYUVA Yojana) Pathashree Abhiyan
 Provide guarantee-free loan up to 5 lakhs  Related to repair of roads
for youth entrepreneurship. Chokher Alo Scheme
Zero Poverty Campaign  To provide free eye treatment
 Target the poorest families for upliftment Maa Ki Rasoi Yojana
and sustainable income.  To provide food for the poor
Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana Laxmir Bhandar
 25,000 financial assistance in six phases  Monthly financial assistance to female
for girls’ education and welfare. heads of households aged 25–60 years
Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana Roopshree Project
 Provide free health services to deprived  Provide 25,000 one-time grant for
families (health insurance up to 5 lakh). marriage of daughters in economically
One District One Product (ODOP) Scheme weaker families.
 Promote unique traditional industries in
each district, support local artisans and KARNATAKA
entrepreneurs. Arundhati & Maitri Yojana
Chief Minister Krishak Accident Welfare Scheme  Financial assistance will be provided to the
 5 lakh financial assistance to families of brides of Brahmin families
farmers who die or become disabled in Gruha Lakshmi Scheme
agricultural accidents.  Provide Rs 2000 per month to woman hits
Safe City Project
empowering self-reliance and financial
 Enhance security in public places, especially
security
for women and children.
Anna Bhagya Scheme
MADHYA PRADESH  Provide 10 Kg free rice to people holding
Devaranya Scheme
 Promote Ayurvedic medicine linked with below poverty line
employment. JHARKHAND
Launch Pad Scheme
 Platform for youth (18+) to become self- Mukhyamantri Sukanya Yojana
reliant.  Promote women empowerment and
Ladli Lakshmi Yojana completely end child marriage.
 Rs 20,000 to Girls for college/university
admission.
 KERALA Panchgaurav Scheme
Namath Basai Program  550 crore works for development in
 To Provide medium of online education to specific regions.
tribal children at home HARYANA
One School, One IAS Scheme Lado Laxmi Yojana
 To provide free coaching for CBSE  Provide 2,100/month financial assistance
examinations for poor students to women for promoting financial
Green Hydrogen Valley Project independence.
 Pilot project to produce hydrogen using Mukhyamantri Yuva Kaushal Samman Yojana
renewable sources  Internship opportunities with
Vimukthi Mission 10,000/month stipend for final year
 Revenue & liquor control campaign students.
managed by the state excise department Sportsperson Insurance Plan
with 12 crore allocations.  Provide up to ₹20 lakh medical insurance
to national & international athletes.
ANDHRA PRADESH Women and Adolescent Girls Honor Scheme
SALT Program  Free sanitary napkins for girls aged 10–45
 Strengthen schools & provide teacher and women from BPL families.
training & skill development.
DELHI
Smart Black Board Scheme
 Ensure better learning environment in CM Women Honor Scheme
80,000 government schools.  Provide ₹1,000/month financial assistance
Talliki Vandanam to eligible women aged 18+.
 Educational welfare initiative: Provide Apna Ghar Housing Scheme 2025
financial support to mothers for their  DDA offers ready-to-move flats at
children’s education. concessional rates to make housing more
Annadata sukhibhavah affordable.
 Provide 20,000 per year financial PM-Surya Ghar Free Electricity Scheme
assistance to farmers  Subsidy for installation of rooftop solar
panels to provide free electricity to
ARUNACHAL PRADESH households.
Atmanirbhar Krishi Yojana
JAMMU & KASHMIR
 Promote agriculture & horticulture
Mukhyamantri Nasha Mukti Yojana Awaam ki Baat Radio Programme
 Expand de-addiction & rehabilitation centers  Take government initiatives for common
to combat drug & substance abuse. people to the masses.
Dulari Kanya Scheme LADAKH
 Fixed deposit of 20,000 is made in the Youn Tab Yojana
girl’s name at birth.  Distribute tablets to 12,300 students (class
6–12).
RAJASTHAN
TAMIL NADU
CM Anupriti Coaching Yojana Tamil Pudhalavan Scheme
 Provide education to economically  Provide 1,000/month to male students in
backward, SC & ST students. government schools for higher education
Mukhyamantri Amrut Aahar Yojana Nannilam Women's Land Ownership Scheme
 Provide nutrition kits to pregnant women  Assist landless Dalit and tribal women to
(5+ months) and milk to Anganwadi purchase land.
children (3–6 years).
 SIKKIM
One Family, One Job
 Provide at least one government job per
family.
Unnati Yojana (North East Transformative
Industrialization Scheme)
 Promote entrepreneurship and industrial
development with financial incentives.

BIHAR
CM Mahila Udyami Yojana
 Provide 10 lakh to women to start new
employment/business.
Jal Jeevan Hariyali Abhiyan
 Save water & greenery against climate
change.
CM Vridhjan Pension Yojana
 Rs 400/month pension to all persons aged
60–79 years.
Mukhyamantri Tivra beej vistar Scheme
 Ensure timely availability and distribution
of quality seeds to farmers for better crop
productivity.

PUNJAB
Mera Kam Mera Man Yojana
 Provide employment to unemployed
youth through training.

ODISHA
Subhadra Scheme
 Provide 10,000/year to eligible women
aged 21–60 for financial security and
empowerment.
Swayam Scheme
 Offers interest free bank loans of up to Rs.
1 Lakh to rural and urban youth for
business
Sahajog Initiative
 Connect eligible urban poor beneficiaries
to government schemes through
awareness & doorstep delivery.
 Book Name Author
The One: Cricket, My Life and More Shikhar Dhawan
The Diary of a Cricketer's Wife Puja Pabari
Janta Ki Kahani: My Autobiography Bandaru Dattatreya
Ramanujan: Journey of a Great
Arun Singhal & Devendra Sharma
Mathematician
How India Scaled Mt. G20: The Inside Story
of the G20 Presidency
Made in India: 25 Years of Business &
Amitabh Kant
Enterprise
Incredible India 2.0
Branding India: An Incredible Story
Narratives off the Bench N.V. Ramana
Leo: The Untold Story of Chennai Super
PS Raman
Kings
To the Seventh Generation Dr. V I Mathan
The New Icon: Savarkar and the Facts Arun Shourie
Soumitra Chatterjee: The Legacy of Apu and
Sanghamitra Chakraborty
Beyond
The World After Gaza Pankaj Mishra
Jammu-Kashmir & Ladakh Through the Ages Raghuvendra Tanwar
The Unyielding Judge Gauri Grover
My Beloved Life Amitav Kumar
Indian Renaissance: Modi Decade Nandini Rathi (Released by Amit Shah)
Life on Mars: Collected Stories Namita Gokhale
Gopichand P. Hinduja (Released by Vice
I Am?
President Jagdeep Dhankhar)
Diyasalai (Autobiography) Kailash Satyarthi
Speaking with Nature Ramachandra Guha
Friends: India's Closest Strategic Partners Shriram Chaulia
Nine Yard Sarees Prashanti Ram
Witness Sakshi Malik
Mountain Mammals of the World M.K. Ranjit Singh
Khaki Mein Sthitpragya Anil Raturi
Call of the Gir Parimal Nathwani
75 Great Revolutionaries of India Bhim Singh
India @ 100 KV Subramaniam
Breaking Rocks and Barriers Sudipta Sengupta
Heart Lamp Banu Mushtaq
Kairos Jenny
Orbital Samantha Harvey
Nitish Kumar, the Gandhi of Bihar Ashok Chaudhary & Shambhavi Chaudhary
Kargil War: The Turning Point Magod Basappa Ravindranath
 Book Name Author
The Book of Compassion Dalai Lama & Kailash Satyarthi
Manoj Bajpayee: The Definitive Biography Piyush Pandey
Power Within: The Leadership Legacy of
Dr. R. Balasubramaniam
Narendra Modi
The Great Conciliator: Lal Bahadur Shastri
Sanjeev Chopra
and Transformation of India
March of Glory K. Arumugam & Erol D’Cruz
Source Code: My Beginnings Bill Gates
Hold on to Your Dreams Ruskin Bond
Winner's Mindset Shane Watson
Heavenly Islands of Goa PS Sreedharan Pillai
The Idea of Democracy Sam Pitroda
Just a Mercenary Former RBI Governor D Subbarao
From a Car Shed to the Corner Room and
S. Raman
Beyond
The Conspiracy to oust me from the
Gotabaya Rajapaksa
presidency
Bring It On: The Incredible Story of My Life Deepa Malik
Dalai Lama: Secrets to Happiness Dinesh Shahra
Many Ramayanas, Many Lessons Anand Neelkanthan
Chhaunk: On Food, Economics & Society Abhijit Banerjee
Lara: The England Chronicles Brian Lara
Sculpted Stone: Mysteries of
Ashwin Prabhu
Mamallapuram
Maha Swapnikudu P. Vikram
Ek Samandar Mere Andar Sanjeev Joshi
An Uncommon Love: The Early Life of
Murthy Chitra Banerjee
Sudha and Narayana
Inspirations for graphic design from India Jaya Jaitley
Four Stars of Destiny Manoj Mukund Naravane
Sanskriti ke Aayam Manoram Mishra
Breaking the Mold: Reimagining India's
Rohit Lamba & Raghuram Rajan
Economic Future
Naye Bharat Ka Samved Released: Ramnath Kovind
Welcome to Paradise Twinkle Khanna
SC india and 1857 Rakesh Pathak
The Day I Became a Runner Sohini Chattopadhyay
The Book of Life: My Dance with Buddha Vivek Agnihotri
Rainbow Warriors of India Hoshang Merchant & Akshay K. Rath
Challenges I Like (Autobiography) Anandiben Patel
 ❖ Ranji Trophy 2024-25 – Vidarbha (Runner
Sports up – Kerala)
❖ Vijay Hazare Trophy 2024-25 – Karnataka
Cricket (Runner up – Vidarabha)
❖ ICC Women’s Championship Trophy (2022- ❖ Syed Mustaq Ali Trophy 2024-25 – Mumbai
25) – Winner: Australia (Runner up – Madhya Pradesh)
❖ ICC under – 19 Women’s T20 World cup ❖ T20 Blind Cricket World Cup 2024 –
2025 – Winner – India (Runner up – South Pakistan (Bangladesh)
Africa) ❖ Venues
❖ ICC World Test Championship 2025: (Final –  14th Cricket World Cup – South
Lord’s London) – Winner – South Africa Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia –
(Runner up – Australia) 2027
❖ ICC T-20 World Cup 2024  15th Cricket World Cup – India and
 Host – USA and West Indies Bangladesh – 2031
 Winner – India (by 7 Runs, after 17  ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup –
years) India – 2025
 Runner Up – South Africa ❖ Venues
 India won two times – 2007, 2024  11th ICC Champion Trophy – India –
❖ ICC World Cup 2023 (50 Overs) 2029
 Host – India  10th ICC Men’s T20 world Cup – India
 Winner – Australia (6th time, by 6th and Sri Lanka – 2026
wicket)  10th ICC Women’s T20 World cup –
 Runner Up – India England – 2026
 India won two times – 1983 (Kapil ❖ First Indian Wicketkeeper to score a
Dev) and 2011 (MS Dhoni) century in both Test Innings – Rishabh Pant
❖ ICC Champion Trophy 2025: Winner India ❖ First Asian Bowler to take 150 test wickets
(Runner up – New Zealand) in SENA countries – Jasprit Bumrah
❖ ICC Women’s T20 World cup 2024: New ❖ Glen Maxwell (Australia) – Retired from ODI
Zealand (Runner up – South Africa) Cricket
❖ IPL 2025 (Final – Narendra Modi Stadium, ❖ Heinrich Klaasen (South Africa) – Retired
Ahmedabad): Winner – RCB (Runner Up – from International Cricket
Punjab Kings) ❖ Virat Kohli – The first Indian to complete
 Total Team – 10 100 half centuries in T20 and also become to
 Title Sponsor company – Tata complete 13000 runs in T20.
 Most Runs – Sai Sudarshan (759
runs) – Orange Cap
 Most Wickets – Prasidh Krishna (25)
– Purple Cap
 Fastest Century – Vaibhav
Suryavanshi
❖ Women’s Premier League 2025 – 3rd Edition
 Winner – Mumbai Indians (Runner
up – Delhi Capital)
 Most Wicket – Purple Cap – Amelia
Kerr
 Most Runs – Orange Cap – Nat Sciver
– Brunt
 ❖ 15th Hockey India Senior Men National
Football Championship 2025 – Punjab / Madhya
❖ UEFA Women’s Champions League 2025 – Pradesh
Arsenal / Barcelona ❖ Ist National Women’s Hockey League 2024
❖ SAFF U-19 Championship 2025 (Arunachal – 25 – Harayana
Pradesh) – India/Bangladesh
Badminton
❖ Premier League Champions 2024-25
(Hyderabad, Telangana) - Liverpool/Arsenal ❖ Sudirman Cup 2025
❖ 78th Santosh Trophy 2024-25 (Hyderabad, ➢ Edition – 14th
Telangana) - West Bengal/Kerala ➢ Winner – China
❖ SAFF Under – 17 Championship 2024 ➢ Runner up – Indonesia
(Thimpu, Bhutan) – India/Bangladesh ❖ India Open 2025 – New Delhi
❖ 4th Intercontinental Football Championship ➢ Men Singles Winner – Viktor Axelsen
2024 (Telangana) – Syria/India ➢ Women Singles Winner – An se Young
❖ Durand Cup 2024 (Kolkata) – Northeast ❖ Uber Cup 2024 – China/Indonesia
United / Mohun Banga ❖ Thomas Cup 2024 – China/Indonesia
❖ Kalinga/Indian Super Cup 2024 (Odisha) – ❖ Malaysia Masters Badminton Tournament
East Bengal FC / Odisha FC – Li Shi Feng (China) / Kidambi Srikant
(India)
Hockey
Tennis
❖ Men’s Hockey India League 2024 - 25
(Odisha) – Bengal Tigers / Hyderabad ❖ Italian Open 2025 – Carlos Alcaraz
Toofans ❖ Chennai Open 2025 – Kirian Jacquet
❖ Women’s Hockey India League 2025 ❖ Davis Cup 2024 – Italy/ Netherland
(Ranchi) – Odisha Warriors / Surma Hockey
Chess
Club
❖ Women’s Junior Asia Cup 2024 (Oman) – ❖ World Chess Championship 2024 – D
India/China Gukesh / Ding Liren (China)
❖ Men’s Junior Asia Cup 2024 (Oman) – India / ❖ Tata steel Masters 2025 title - R.
Pakistan Praggnanandha
❖ Women’s Asian Champion Trophy 2024 ❖ 38th Cannes International Open Chess
(Rajgir, Bihar) – India/China Tournament – P. Iniyan (Indian
❖ Men’s Asian Champions Trophy 2024 – Grandmaster)
India/China ❖ 85th Grandmaster – P. Shyaam nikhil
❖ Sultan Azlan Shah Cup 2024 – Japan / ❖ 86th Grandmaster – L.R. Srihari
Pakistan
Shooting
❖ Tennis Men’s Hockey 5th World Cup 2024
(Oman) – Netherland / Malaysia ❖ ISSF Junior World Cup 2025 (Germany)
❖ Tennis Women’s Hockey 5th World Cup ➢ Top – India with 11 Medal ( 3 Gold, 4
2024 (Oman) – Netherland / India Silver and 4 Bronze )
❖ Player of the Year (Men): 2024 – ➢ 3 Gold
Harmanpreet Singh 1. Tejaswani (shooter) – Women’s 25m
❖ Player of the Year (Women): 2024 – Yibbi Pistol
Jansen 2. Kanak Budhwar (Shooter) – Women’s
❖ 15th Hockey India Senior Women National 10m air pistol
Championship 2025 (Haryana) – Jharkhand 3. Shambhavi Shravan Kshirsagar(Shooter)
❖ Women’s Hockey India League 2025 – Women’s 10m air rifle event
(Ranchi) – Odisha Warriors
 Shooting Gland Slam Tennis Competition
❖ ISSF World Cup (Lima, Peru) ❖ Australian Open – 2025
➢ 3rd - India - 07 Medal (2 Gold, 4 Silver and ➢ Men’s Singles – Jannik Sinner
1 Bronze) ➢ Women’s Singles – Madison Keys
➢ 2 Gold ❖ French Open – 2025
1. Suruchi Singh – Women’s 10m air pistol ➢ Men’s Singles – Carlos Alcaraz
2. Suruchi Singh + Saurabh Chaudhary – ➢ Women’s Singles – Coco Gauff
Mixed team 10m air pistol ❖ Wimbledon Open – 2025
➢ Men’s Singles – Jannik Sinner
Kabaddi & Kho-Kho
➢ Women’s Singles – Iga Swiatek
❖ Kabaddi World Cup 2025 (England) ❖ US Open – 2024
➢ Winner – India (Men and Women) ➢ Men’s Singles – Jannik Sinner
➢ Runner Up – England (Men and Women) ➢ Women’s Singles – Aryna Sabelenka
❖ 11th Pro kabaddi League – Haryana Steelers
/ Patna Pirates Khelo India Youth Games
❖ Kho – Kho World Cup 2025 (Delhi) ❖ 1st Rank – Maharashtra
➢ Winner – India ❖ 2nd Rank – Haryana
➢ Runner Up – Nepal
Sports - Important
Wrestling
❖ Indian Open 2025 PSA Copper event
❖ 21st
Wrestling Championship 2025 (Amman, (Mumbai) – Anahat Singh (Squash Player) –
Jordan) Won women’s Single title
➢ India – 10 Medals (1 Gold – Manisha ❖ 23rd National Para Athletics Championship
Bhanwala, 3 Silver, 6 Bronze) 2025 – Top – Haryana – 49 Gold medals
❖ U23 World Wrestling Championships 2024 ❖ BBC Indian Sportswoman of the year 2024
➢ India – 9 Medals (1 Gold – Chirag – Manu Bhaker (Shooter)
Chikkara, 1 Silver and 7 Bronze) ❖ World Boxing Cup 2025 – India 6 Medal – 1
Gold – Hitesh Gulia (First Indian Boxer to win
National Games a Gold), 1 Silver and 4 Bronze
❖ 38th National Games – 2025 ❖ 2025 IBSF World Billiards Title – Sourav
➢ Event – Uttarakhand Kothari (Defeated – Pankaj Advani)
➢ Top – Services ❖ Archery World Cup 2025 – India 7 Medals (2
➢ 2nd – Maharashtra Gold, 1 Silver and 4 Bronze)
➢ Yoga and Mallakhamb – First time ❖ 2025 Doha Diamond League Men’s Javelin
Included Throw – 2nd – Neeraj Chopra (Julian Weber –
❖ 37 National Games – 2023 – Goa
th
Germany)
❖ 39th National Games – 2027 – Meghalaya ❖ Ostrava Golden Spike 2025 Javelin Throw
Title – Neeraj Chopra
5th Khelo India Winter Games
❖ Host – Leh and Gulmarg
➢ 1st – Ladakh
1st Stage
➢ 2nd – Tamil Naidu
➢ 1st – Indian Army
➢ 2nd – Himachal Pradesh 2nd Stage
 Reports & Indexes

Reports India’s Rank First Rank Issued by

Henley Passport 85th Singapore
Index 2025
Global Firepower 4th US
Index 2025
World Happiness 118th Finland SDSN
Index 2025
World Press Freedom 151st Norway
Index 2025
Human Development 130th Iceland UNDP
Report 2025
Global Peace Index 115th Iceland
2025
Sustainable 99th Finland SDSN
Development Report
2025
World Competiveness 40th Switzerland IMD
Index 2025
Global Terrorism 14th Burkina Faso Institute for
Index 2025 Economics & Peace
Global Hunger Index 105th Belarus
2024

❖ Tarun Plus Tier

Miscellaneous  Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana Loan
❖ Chabahar Port Limit increased from 10 lakhs to 20 Lakh
 In May 2024, India and Iran signed a 10- by finance ministry
year agreement for Chabahar port ❖ Kamya Karthikeyan
operations  She becomes youngest female in the
 India’s primary interest gain direct world to scale the highest peaks on each
access to Afghanistan and central Asia, of 7 Continents
bypassing Pakistan ❖ Shikhna Jwhwlao National Park
❖ 76 Republic Day – 26 Jan 2025
th
 Notified as 8th National park of Assam
 Theme: “Swarnim Bharat – Virasat aur ❖ 2025: Year of Defense Reforms
Vikas”  Declared by Defense Ministry
 Chief Guest: President Prabowo ❖ Vizhinjam International Seaport
Subianto of Indonesia  Inaugurated by PM Modi in Kerala
❖ India–Middle East–Europe Economic ❖ New Ramsar Sites in India
Corridor (IMEC)  Menar Wetland – Rajasthan
 A proposed multi-modal transport and  Udhwa Lake – Jharkhand
economic corridor connecting India →  Khichan Wetland – Rajasthan
Middle East → Europe.  Sakkarakottari Bird Sanctuary – Tamil
 Backed by India, USA, Saudi Arabia, Naidu
UAE, EU, France, Germany, and Italy.  Therthangal Bird Sanctuary – Tamil Naidu
 Modes of Transport: Maritime and ❖ Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Wildlife Sanctuary
Railway  Established in Madhya Pradesh
❖ Asian Buddhist Summit
 Host – New Delhi (India)
❖ Navratna Status ❖ Punjab
 Indian Railway Catering and Tourism  First Indian state to broadcast its
Corporation (IRCTC) assembly in sign language
 Indian Railway Finance Corporation ❖ Delhi Legislative Assembly
(IRFC)  The first in the country to be fully
❖ Port Blair renamed as Sri Vijay Puram powered by solar energy
❖ World Monument Watch 2025 ❖ Mahila Samvad
 Musi River Historic Buildings  Launched by Bihar CM Nitish Kumar to
(Hyderabad) educate women about government
❖ National Dolphin Research Centre schemes
 Patna Bihar ❖ Bhutan
❖ WAVES (World Audio Visual and  First country in the world to launch a
Entertainment Summit) national crypto currency tourism
 Inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in payment system
Mumbai ❖ Tianshan Shengali Tunnel
❖ First Coal Gallery  The world’s longest expressway tunnel –
 Inaugurated by Gajendra Singh China
Shekhawat and Satish Chandra Dubey at ❖ AI Action Summit 2025
National Science Centre, New Delhi  Chaired by Narendra Modi and
❖ Global Multidimensional Poverty Index: Emmanuel Kant
2024 ❖ New Development Bank
 Issued by UNDP  New Member – Indonesia
 India – Highest number of poor people in ❖ Operation Brahma
the world  Launched by India to provide assistance
❖ 2 National Multidimensional Poverty
nd to Myanmar following a damaging
Index: 2023 earthquake
 Issued by NITI Aayog ❖ Umbrella Agreement
 Poorest State – Bihar  Signed by India and Nicargua to
 Least Poor State – Kerala implement “Quick Impact Projects”
❖ National Hindi Science Conference 2024 ❖ Yuga Yugeen Bharat
 Bhopal  India and France – Establish a national
❖ First fully literate state in india museum in New Delhi
 Mizoram ❖ Union Budget: 2025-26
❖ Zero Poverty P4 Initiative  Four Engines of development –
 Launched by CM of Andhra Pradesh to Agriculture, MSME, Investment and
eradicate poverty in the state by 2047 Export
❖ World’s tallest statue of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar  Theme – Sabka Vikas
 “Statue of social Justice”  There will be no income tax payable
 Andhra Pradesh upto income of Rs. 12 Lakh
 Height – 206 Feet
❖ Statue of Lachit Borphukan
 Unveiled by PM Narendra Modi in
Jorhat, Assam
❖ Guneri
 Declared as the first biodiversity
heritage site of Gujarat