301

BUILDING LAW, BYE LAWS AND REGULATIONS

MATERIALS

1. Past question
2. Administration of building laws in Nigeria
3. Drawings approval process
4. Development Control Process
5. Nigeria urban and regional laws (decree 88 of 1992)
6. Constitution and bye laws (NIA May 2001)
7. National building code (architect responsibility)
Development control
Functions
1. It is a multi-disciplinary department charge with the responsibility of
matters relating to development control and implementation of physical
development plans.
2. All development controls department of control of lands at the levels.
3. Approving any land development in their levels
4. Approval of plans
5. Even government agency must get approval from development control
6. The drawings, right of occupancy, certificate of occupancy and all
relevant information, forms must be submitted to the development
control.
7. Every section of the drawings must be stamped and sealed by the
registered professionals.

Grounds for rejection

1. If the plans is not in accordance with the approval plans
2. Incomplete plans
3. They reserve the right to reject the plans that could have a major impact on
the environment, facilities and inhabitation of the community.
4. If the development can cause a …….. for the community.

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Question1
What is a master plan?
A master plan is an ordinary document prepared as a guide to other
documents, it is a base Document consisting of all technical decision
relating to original idea, it has a concept; flexible can be improved upon but
cannot be altered.

Question 1a
What is the production of a master plan?
It is the input of all the professionals in the building industry as it relates to
all technical decision regarding original idea, e.g. architects, surveyors,
town planners, etc.

Questions 1b
What is the operation of a master plan?
Answer
It’s the actualization of the original technical details on ground according to
specification
Qns 1c.
What is the purpose of a master plan?
It’s to organize the patterns of land use and development guidelines

Qns 2.
What is estate master plan?
Answer

!
Estate master plan: it is an original document prepared as a guide to other
documents with development laws and proposal as

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 related to physical, spatial and environmental
development of a large piece of land.

Question 3

What is a university campus master plan?

Answer

It’s an original document prepared as a guide to other document with

development laws and proposal as relate to physical, spatial and environment
development of a vast piece of land reserved for university campus.

Qns 4

What is metropolitan master plan?

It is an original document prepared with guide line, policy and proposal for the
physical, spatial and environment development of a large town or metropolitans
area which may or may not extend over more than one planning authority
jurisdiction e.g. Abuja.

Qns 5

What is regional/state master plan?

It is an original document prepared as a guide for the physical, spatial and

environment development of an area of land less than a country but, more than a
town area designed to channel of such a regional or state desirable direction.

Qns 6

What is a master plan zoning regulation?

Ans

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Zoning: setting aside land for a particular purpose. Therefore master plan zoning
regulations are rules and regulation enacted to guide the proper land use of a
master plan.

Qns 7

How many level of building status are operating in Nigeria?

Ans
3(three)
a. Federal
b. State
c. Local government
 Federal: acts
 State: bye laws
 Local government: regulation

Questions 8

Are they overlaps

Ans

Yes

Qns 9

How do these overlaps in habiting the status

Ans

1. Topography
2. Available technology
3. Social cultural factors: religion(Christianity & Islam)

Qns

4
What are the stages of the provision of architect professional services in Nigeria?

Ans

old (b4 2011)

Stages 1, 2 &3

Stages 1: presentation drawings

Stages 2: working drawings, specifications

Stages 3: supervision

Qns 9

Analysis in full one of the stages with emphasis on area of services the
architectural need to always have special attention

Ans

Stage 3 (supervision)

Sequence to presentation, working drawings and specification, the architect must

pay attention to details at this level and ensure work is done to specification.

Ans 9 new 2011

According to the condition of engagement 2011

1. Design stage1
Phase 1 & phase 2
Phase 1: commitment fee (commission, issuing of letter of commission.15%
of 4.75% of ETC)
Phase 2: concept design (20% 0f 4.75% of ETC)
2. Design stage 2
Phase 3: (25% of 4.75% of ETC) for coordinated detail design
Phase 4: all construction document (40% of 4.75% of ETC)
3. Stage 3

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 Phase 5; (Tendering /awarding) hourly rate charges
4. Stage 4
Phase6; Construction, hourly rate/ man-month rate charges
5. Stage 5
Phase 7; Post construction, hourly rate charges

Question September 2009

Qns 1
In the context of the national building code explain the following?
1. Apartment house
2. Accessory house
3. Alley
4. As built drawings
5. Duplex
6. building condition survey reports
7. Building maintenance manuals
8. Attic
9. Attic habitable
10.Certification of use and habitation
11.Development

Ans

1. Apartment: according to the national building code it means any

building with three or more dwelling Units including condominium
(block of flats)
2. Accessory house: it shall mean a building /structure which use is
incidental to the main building but in the same plot e.g. service quarters,
gate house and generator house.
3. Alley: shall mean any public way or thorough fare not less than 4.8m
long but not more than 3.0m in width which has been dedicated or
reserve for public use.
4. As built drawings: final drawing procedure after construction, showing
alteration and modification made during construction
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5. Duplex: define as a flat/apartment (building which has rooms on two
floors for a single family).
6. Building condition survey report :it is a general report showing the
condition of the building
7. Building maintenance manual: is a compilation of schedules or guide on
maintenance of all installation in the building.
8. Attic: shall mean the space between the roof and the ceiling of the top
story or between a dwarf wall and a sloppy roof.
9. Attic habitable: shall mean the attic which has a stair way as a means of
access and egress which height is not more than 2.25m and size not
more than one third of the area of the floor below.
10.Certification of use and habitation: it’s a document that shows that all
the building standard/code were adhered to by all the professionals
involved, issued by the enforcement agency stating that the building is
habitatable. This certificate is finally issued by the enforcement agency
for use and habitation after all the professionals involved have
adequately attested to the quality, safety, durability, health proficiency
of the building according to their supervisions.
11.Development: shall mean the carrying of any building engineering,
mining or other operation in, on, over or under any land or the making
of any environmental significant changes in the use of any land or
demolishing of any building including the felling of trees and replacing
free standing erection use for the display of advertisement on the land.

2a. which factor contribute to fire occurring in building?

Ans

1. Non inco-operating fire prevention measures in the design stage

2. Non adherence to fire protection measure
3. Carelessness and negligence
4. Improper design

2b.what are the methods for reducing fire risk?

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Ans

1. The use of fire retardant material.

2. The use of fire rated materials E.g. (cables pipe, doors, roof covering
material ,ceiling)
3. Protected lobbies
4. Smoke stop or detectors
5. Compartmentalization
6. Building should be de signed to show escape route
7. Fire hydrant.
8. Ducts must be well detailed to ensure the duct does not act as fire
conduct.

Question year ()

Normal services; once in a month

Resident service; every working day

Qns

Briefly provide a general overview of the national building code with

emphasis on aims and purpose of the code and further respond to the
following, Architect responsibilities, structural engineer and town
planner.

Ans

The national building code (NBC)is a document that was evolved to

profound a lasting solution to the hazardous trends in the building industry
which involves insistence collapse building, fire and other built
environmental abuses and disasters as a result of planlessness of one town
and cities. use Of non-professional, insufficient reference design standard
for professionals, use of substandard materials and lack of adequate
sanctions against offenders.

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The following include the aim & purpose of the NBC

1. To set minimum standard for design, construction, occupation and

maintenance and demolition of building with the view to ensure quality,
safety and health proficiency in the built industry. The purpose is to
enforce adequate regulation and sanction against offenders.

Qns 1a

What are the responsibility assign in the code to the architect, structural
engineer and town planner?

Ans

a. Architect: he/she is to ensure that his design conforms to the standard

of the NBC in relations to quality, safety and health proficiency in built
industry. This is checked when drawings goes for vetting.
b. Structural engineer: he is to ensure the structural stability of the design,
quality and strength of the material in relation to safety, health and load
bearing of design to prevent hazard.
c. Town planner: he is to ensure that the plan conforms to the NBC
standard as to orientation of the plans, setbacks, % of built area access
road, layout, density conformation, zoning land use.

Qns 2
State the difference between fire protection and fire prevention in building?

s/n Fire prevention Fire protection

1 Comes in the design They are fire installation done after
the design stage to fight fire.
2 Escape route, staircase ,exists These include hydrant, sprinkler
system, Fm 200, aqueous foam used
in fuel dumps, fire
extinguisher ,conventional fire alarm
system which consist of the break

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 glass alarm ,hose reel ,and
extinguisher ,addressable alarm
system shows the exact location of
the fire
3 Fire retardant material
4 Compartmentalization

Qns 2b

Explain the following items

 Dead end
 Fire rated
 Protected lobby
 Smoke stop
 Final exit
 Fire resistance

Ans

1. Dead end: it is a space or enclosure without an exit. e.g. (door less lobby
and corridors)
2. Fire rated: they are material protected from fire, they have running
threshold ratio to withstand fire. e.g. (fire rated cables ,180’ ,)
3. Protected lobby: it means lobby with fire detector or fire protective system
to detect or put out fire.
4. Smoke stop: any appliance that stop smoke from circulating in a fire
outbreak
5. Final exit: the easiest place to get away from a building where there is fire
e.g. not more than 25m apart from each other.
6. Fire résistance: any material that is incombustible that prevent fire from
spreading.

Qns 3

Define the followings,

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 a. Easement
b. Building line
c. Setback
d. Development control

Ans

a. Easement: the right a building owner has over an adjourning owner. e.g.
right of way ,height ,fence, view, light ,etc.
b. Building line: is the line established by law beyond which a building shall
not extend.
c. Setback: the distance between the building line and the property line.
d. Development control: is the process of controlling the development in a
planned and unplanned area.

Building law, bye law and regulations

The essence ARCON decree no.10 1969: NIA was formerly known as Nigeria
society of Architect registration council of Nigeria. (ARCON) the government
prorogated decree10 of 12th may 1969 to set up ARCON act. ARCON is a
government body that set standard of education, ethical rules and
professional code of conduct for study and practice of architecture in Nigeria.
Registration by ARCON is the official legal recognition of an individual or firm
qualification authorizing him to practice as an independent Architect.

NEEDS AND IMPORTANCE OF THE ARCON ACT

1. Architect should be control by a regulatory body in charge of ensuring that

laws and professional standard are applied and observed.
2. For the advancement of architecture, promotion of knowledge and to
protect public interest.
3. The professional body should cover the followings:
a. Consumer
b. Public

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 c. Professionals

Factors of ARCON

1. Training and competence of architects

2. Regulation of the title ARC and maintaining a registrar of a quality architect
3. The determination of the content of professional training
4. Accreditation of architecture courses, qualification and certificate.
5. Develop a code of conduct ensuring implementation and enforcement.
6. Management of the relationship between the professional and the
academic sector
7. Professional development(CPDP)
8. Monitoring firms of architectural practice
9. Bring legal and advisory assistance to architect.

Administration of building law in Nigeria

Drawings approval process (Abuja)

Small units

1. Architects, planners, electrical & mechanical engineers ,health officers ,.fire

service

Submission Requirement

R of O B.O.T- built operates and transfer

C OF O R.O.T-rent operates and transfers

R OF O: to show ownership and land use

TDP: little deed plan or survey plan: to show size, beacons, location, northing and
Easton and contours, sign by a surveyor general.

Site plan: sign and stamp by town planners

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Site location plan: sign and stamp by town planner.

Site analysis: for major project and % coverage

E.I.A: environmental impact report/analysis (analysis for industrial project or

design).

Complete architectural drawings, structural and soil test report, electrical and
systemic diagram of load demand and legends. Mechanical drawings with legend
and calculations.

Development control process, land use standard & space (Abuja f.c.t)

The Abuja master plan

The FCDA was established in October 1975 because Lagos could not cope as
federal capital city as well as a state because of the various problems.

Master plan

A master plan is an original document that is prepared as a guide to other

document.it is a base Document consisting of all technical decision relating to the
original idea, it has a concept, it’s flexible, and it can be improved upon but can be
altered.

September 2009

Qns 3.

Your client has acquired a five bedroom house and wants to convert it to a
restaurant.name the actions you to undertake and in detail explain the step by
step in executing this job.

Ans

1. Verify the land use from development control or appropriate planning

authority and ascertain the condition for change of land use.
2. Viability and feasibility study report.
3. Application for change of land use report.

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 4. Design process.
5. Approval process which include the followings:
a. Collection of forms.
b. Submission of all documents relating to land.
c. Submission of the forms & drawings.

Consult with F.C.D.A to acquit with all laws and

requirement

Purchase of application forms

Rejected
Registration/opening of file submission of land
document/drawings Rejected or effect
correction

Verifying document and drawings

Effect correction

Vetting of drawings

Billing and payment of necessary bills

Approved drawings for collection

March 2009

Question 3

You are commission for full Architectural services for a high raising building
in a built up neighborhood of urban center. What consideration would you
give to all stages of your consultancy service for the followings?

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 (1)Adjoining owners
(2)Passers by

Question

In a bid to sanitize the un organized nature of our town the government

through the urban and regional planning law (decree 88 of 1992) set up the
following organs

(1)Planning commission – fed level

(2)Planning board – state level
(3)Planning authority – local level
(a)list the membership of each organ
(b)briefly state difference and similarity among the three organ
Answer

(a1) Planning commission: federal level

Membership comprising the following

1. chairman with five years practice experience

2. A registered member of each of the following
Professions: town planning, architectural, civil engineering, land
survey, land and estate surveying
3. one representative of each of the following:
Federal ministry of work and housing.
Federal ministry of agriculture, water resources and rural
development.
Federal ministry of finance.

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 Federal ministry of power and steel
Federal ministry commerce and tourism
Federal environmental protection agency
NITEL, MINISTRY of transport, NNPC
Ministry of education, ministry of solid minerals
Nigeria chamber of commerce and industry.
4. Ten representatives from the states of federation in rotation.
5. Executive director appointment by commission which shall be the
chief executive of the commission.
6.
2. Planning board: state level

Membership comprise of the followings

(1)Chairman
(2)A registered member of the following
a. Town planning, architecture, land surveying
(3)One representative from each of the following:
Environmental protection board, PHCN, ministry of (works, housing,
agriculture, education, solid minerals)
(4)Five representation from the local government in the state in rotation
(5)A secretary appointed by the board to be the chief executive of the
board.
Planning authority: local government level

(1)A chairman
(2)Not more than five representatives from the ward in local government
area.

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 (3)A registered member of each of the following profession (a)
architecture (b) town planning (c) civil engineering
(4)The work supervisor of the local government
(5)The education supervisor of the local government
(6)The executive secretary appointed by the local government authority
Note; that the chairman is appointed on recommendation of the
commission.

Sept 2009 Question 4

Explain the following

(1)Density control, charting of records, contravention notice, stop work

notice, geographic information system, national physical planning,
rural area plan, sector plan, right of light, right of view.
Answer

1. Density control: is a process of controlling the size of a family and

number of housing unit on a plot, in a particular zone for effect
distribution of infrastructure
2. Charting records: confirmation of ownership of land and checking of
the authenticity of land beacons with the ministry of land, housing and
urban development.
3. Geographic information system: is an information technology
system that keeps the records of land available, land use, land
owners, land acquisition, allocation and rules and regulation guiding
land use decree in a geographic region. A.G.I.S
4. Contravention notice: it is a notice to the developer stating that he
has contravened a planning law. The developer is given the

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 opportunity to make corrections, the development control is empower
to require of him the followings:
(a)Prepare and submit is building plan for approved or
(b)Pull down
(c) Restore the land to the original state
5. Stop work notice: it is an order to stop the carry out of further
development without a development permit.
6. National physical planning: it is a detail spatial planning of land use
patterns and zoning system across the regions and state of the
federal control at national level.
7. Rural area plan: it is the general policy and proposal for the physical,
spatial and environmental development of a rural area
8. Sector plan: is the general policy for the proposed for physical,
spatial and environment development of an area in city which is
referred to as a sector.
9. Right of light: it is a right which an adjoining owner has over the
properly of another to enjoy access to light.
10. Right of view: it is a right which an adjourning owner has to
access over view.
March 2008 Question

Your client has just acquired an expanse of land with a two bedroom house
built in 1957; the piece of land is close to an international airport. Your
client has therefore invited you for discussion in respect of development of
an office block on the land. Outline the procedure of getting the project
approved by relevant agency

Answer

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1. Verify the land use with Development Control or appropriate planning
authority and ascertain the condition of land use.
2. Viability and feasibility study report
3. Application/approved for change of land use
4. Design process to produce are the followings,
(a)Architectural design,Structural design,Mech/Elect design,E.I.A
5. approval process

Consult withDCc/acquit with all law and

requirement

Purchase of application forms

Rejected

Registration/opening of file submission of land Rejected or effect

document/drawings correction

Effect corection
Vetting of drawings

Billing and payment of necessary bills

Approved drawing for collection

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Question 2

According to the N.B.C the production of a building is divided into four diff
stages. Briefly discuss them

Answer

1. Pre design (2) design (3) construction (4) post construction

2. Design
3. Construction
4. Post construction
(a)Pre design: feasibility study development brief
(b)Design: presentation, all working drawings, specifications
(c) Construction: the erection or translation of drawings on ground
(d)Post construction: maintenance and facility management
Question

List the certificate that should be used at the construction stage and the
professionals that endorse the certificate.

Answer

Certificate Profession

1. Setting out compliance form Architect

2. Foundation/basement compliance form Structural Engr.
3. Super- structure compliance form Structural Engr
4. Roofing/closing up compliance form Structural Engr.
5. Mechanical installment compliance form Mechanical Engr.
6. Electrical installment compliance form Electric Engr.
7. Finishing installment compliance form Architect

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March 2008

Question 4

Give an outline of historical development of building laws in Nigeria from

colonial period to date.

Answer

Colonial era: 18th 1863 Lagos township improvement ordinate was

publish aim at controlling development and urban sanitation

1899: sanitary board was set up in Lagos aim at improving the general
conditions of the people.

1902: the concern for health was the main reason for the creation of
European reservation with specific land use planning with
environmental reservation.

1900: land proclamation act was enacted which stipulated land can be only
be acquire through high commissioner in the Northern Nigeria.

1908: a public health ordinate, The Lagos municipal of health was set and
local boards were created in other towns.

1917: the town ordinance No 29 (which is an amendment of 1863

ordnance) and pass, the ordnance covers the whole of the country.

1924: the town planning committee was established for the northern and
southern province. These committee were charge with responsibilities
of approving planning schemes from local councils.

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1928: the Lagos planning ordinance enacted following the outbreak of
bubonic plaque in Lagos, as the result the Lagos executive
development board has set up in 1929 as the authority responsible
for planning and development in Lagos (LEDB 1929).

1945: town and country planning law (preliminary to 1946) deals with the
preparation of planning scheme to which development most conform
and stipulate sanction against contravention.

1946: the Nigeria town and country planning ordinance was prorogated to
make provision for the re-planning improvement and development of
different part of the country by means of planning scheme and
planning authority.

Due to the changes in constitution in 1954, 1960, 1962 respectively,

town planning became regional concern and federal government
wedraw from direct involvement in town planning matter.

At this point each of the 3 regions (eastern, western and northern) in the
country) in the country adopted and modify the town and country planning
ordinance no.4 of 1946 to suit their own purposes.

The land was adopted in Lagos in 1958 and represented in the west as
CAP 123 LAWS of western region of 1959.

In the east as CAP 126 laws of eastern Nigeria in 1963 and in the North as
CAP 130 laws northern Nigeria of 1963.

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Day 3

Post-colonial era

1960 – to date: 2 year after independence the first national development

plan was made in (1962), it was only the intension of government in the
plan to coordinate planning schemes in Lagos. Each region had a town
planning division. Under the Edict No 3 1969, the mid-west states
established development and planning authority as the first regional
planning binding in the country.

The second national development plan (1970 - 1974) recognize the law
properly given to physical planning in past, as well as the enormous
physical in past. It is stated has one of the objective, the balance of
development between the geography area of the country.

The third national develop plan (1975 – 1980) went a step in recognizing
the need to look into town and country planning in a more detailed, the
physical planning policy was therefor to intensify the planning of the major
urban center in the country, to develop new settlement schemes and
undertake urban renewal.

In 1976 there was a local government reform, local government were given
town planning function. Local planning authority was created to serve
various local government areas. These affect organization structure of
planning in most states.

In 1978 the land use act decree number No 6 was prorogated. The act
being a land management law held that was in the interest of the public.
That the right of all Nigeria to use and enjoy a land in Nigeria, be preserve

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by law. Decree 88 of 15 December termed urban and regional planning
decree was prorogated 1992, the decree advocated for citizen p…….
planning. The decree No 88 of 1992 are on our heads and should be
studied closely.

Question March 2007

Explain the following terms within the content of decree 88 1992

1. Development area
2. Listed building
3. Outline approval
4. Approval-in-principle
5. Master plan
Answer

1. Development area: it is area identify by an appropriate authority for

carryout planned physical development.
2. Listed buildings: are building with special architectural and historical
interest as comply by the control department and preserved by law.
3. Outline approval: the architectural set of the approved set of
drawing. It is an interim approval of details, site plan, site analysis
and land use from the architecture set of drawing to ensure
compliance to planning law.
4. Approved-on-principle: approval in anticipation, usual giving
verbally stating that your drawing has met all necessary standard.
5. Master plan: is an original document prepared as a guide to other
documents. It is a based document consisting of all technical decision

24
 relating to original ideal, it is a concept, flexible, can be improved
upon but can be altered.
Question 2

Discuss the social, economic and demographic impact of development

planning and control activities on a typical town or city.

Answer

Socially: it is enhance various social interactions between people and

environs

Economically: it burst the economic activities of goods and services,

thereby job opportunity.

Demographically: it helps to control but human and vehicular traffic as

well as good amenities such as road, electrical and water.

Question 3

What remedies are available to a dis-satisfied applicant for planning permit

as provided by decree 88 of 1992?

Answer

He has right to appeal to planning tribunal

Question

The restoration of Abuja master plan is a necessary evi,l discuss these

statement in the context of

(1) Abuse of the master plan

(2) Failure of effective development control
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 (3) Lack of commitment by government in the provision of infrastructure

Answer

1. In respect to abuse of master plan the land use and planning laws
were contravened, uncontrolled development, over stretching the
facilities due to over crowding
2. Failure of effective D.C: lack of control or inadequate control of land
use and development by the control department and failure to enforce
law.
3. Lack of commitment by government: government insensitivity to the
needs for infrastructure.
March 2002

Question 2

Discuss repairing covenant and its relation with dilapidation in a building

Answer

Repairing: making good, return to original state or restore to sound

condition after demand.

Covenant: a formal agreement between 2 or more person to do or not to

do a specified action

Therefore repairing covenant; shall mean a formal agreement between 2

(two) or more person to restore or restore to original state or sound
condition after demand as relate to dilapidation in building.

Question 2b

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What rights can an adjourning owner’s claim in the event of nuisance
arising from the proposed development.

Answer

The adjourning owner can make claims to the following

1. Right of light

2. Right of support (easement by apotnance) e.g. fence

3. Right of way (easement of necessity)

4. Right of height

5. Artificial water ways

6. Noise limitation (nuisance easement)

7. Right of view

Question 3a

A major market was recently demolition by a government; discuss the

demolition from the point of view of following stakeholders

(a)Government

(b)Traders

(c) Public

(d)Architect

Answer

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Government: from the government point of view, the demolition may have
arisen as a result of the followings,

1. Wrong land use

2. Probable restoration of the master plan
3. Over stretch infrastructure
4. Nuisance to the habitant: transport, traffic, communications etc.
5. Betterment: government future development
(B) Traders:

1. from the traders point of view it is a major negative economic effect

2. strain and stress of relocation
3. loss of customer
(C) Public:

1. problem of re-adjustment
2. job opportunity for the public
3. better infrastructure and serve for the new scheme
(9) Architect: from the architect point of view job opportunities

Question 3b

What design issue will be significant in redeveloping the market?

Answer 3b

Significant design issue of the market in redevelopment would include the

followings:

1. Functionality of the design

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 2. E.I.A report must be strictly adhere to
3. Proper involvement of all allies’ professionals in the design and
execution of the schemes.
4. Proper land use and zoning in accordance with the master plan in the
redevelopment of scheme
5. All parameter of maintenance must be put into consideration
Question

Write brief note on the following

1. Assessment and redevelopment charge

2. Stop order
3. Contravention
4. Public utilities
Answer

1. A&RDC: they are computed charges/bill paid to control department

for approval process
2. Stop order: it is an order that stop carrying further development
without development permit
Contravention: means defaults by the developer of planning laws and
regulation

Public utility: facilities and infrastructure install or put in place for public
use

Question 5a

Identify five common cause of fire in the building and discuss how it can be
prevented.

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Answer

1. Not incorporating fire preventive measures in the design stage

2. Non adherence to protective measures
3. Carelessness
4. Negligent
5. Improper design
6. Accident

Prevention

1. The use of fire retardant materials

2. Use of fire rated materials (e.g. doors, cable, ceiling etc.)
3. Protected hobby
4. Smoke stop/smoke detector
5. Compartmentalization
6. Building should be properly signed to show escape route
7. Fire hydrant
8. Duct must be well detail to ensure they don’t act fire conduit.
3. .

QNS 5b.

Discuss the 3 principles of fire protection in the context of design &

construction?

Ans

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 1. Not more than 25m before a fire exit(easiest exist to get away from a
building when there is fire)
2. The exit/ escape route must be easily accessible and free from any
obstruction.
3. Adequate provision of fire protective material and equipment in the
building.

March 2005

Qns 1

You are a member of a panel set up to investigate a building that collapse

in an urban area, a week after its completion and handing over. As the only
architect in the team; prepare a brief and outline in detail all the areas to be
investigated and addressed.

Ans

Areas to be investigated are the probable cause of the collapse which will
include the followings:

1. Soil investigation: proper soil investigation should be carried out.

2. Structural design
3. Strength and quality of material
4. Competence \qualification of constructor/ consultant.

The area to be addressed will include the following among other issues:

a. Proper soil investigation to avoid failure in foundation design and

construction.
b. The structural design should be done by qualified and competent
structural engineer.
c. Competent and qualification of contractor must be of paramount
importance.
d. For the strength and quality of material they should be adherence
with specification.
e. Finally sanction must be enforce on guilty party.

March 2001.

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Qns

Describe the composition of council of NIA

Ans

1. Executive council: a. president

b. First vice President, 2nd V.P & 3rd V.P
C. honorary general secretary
D. Assistant secretary
E. national treasurer

2. a. committee chairman for board of architecture education, library

B. chairman disciplinary committee

C. chairman finance and practice

D. chairman international affairs

E. chairman public relations

F. chairman admission board

G. chairman student affair committee

3. All state chapter chairman

4. All past president (two Ex-officials)

Qns b.

What are the respective eligibility condition for the election of the officers to
the national executive committee of the institute?.

Ans

1. Fully registered member for at least three (3) years current

2. Must be a financial member.
3. Must have service record in the institute and a profession in a
standing committee at state or national level including 60%
attendance of meeting and activities.

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Qns

Discuss the function of three (3) standing committee of the council of the
NIA.

Standing committee includes the following:

1. Admin committee
2. Arch built committee
3. Association of Architecture educators (AARCHES)
4. Board of Architecture education
5. Disciplinary committee
6. Female Architecture of Nigeria (FAN)
7. Finance committee
8. International affairs committee
9. Practice committee
10. Public relations committee
11. Student affairs committee.

a. Admin committee
b. Disciplinary committee
c. Board of architecture education
 Admin committee: in charge of administering of members into
different classes of membership of the institution
 Disciplinary committee:
1. Responsible for the proper conduct of members.
2. Carrying out disciplinary actions on any member for professional
misconduct or gross incompetence.

Board of architect education:

1. Saddle with the responsibility of accreditation in schools of architecture

nation wide
2. Establishing uniform standard of learning in school of architecture.
3. Professional practice competent exam (PPCE)
4. C.P.D.P:(continuous professional development program)

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Qns 2

The practice of architecture is developing rapidly on account of information

technology. Discuss 5 aspect of the profession where these impact is most
manifested?

Ans

1. Design: auto-cad ,arch-cad ,BIM

2. Programs of works
3. Project management: project management software (prince ,micro
soft project)
4. Progress report
5. Source and transfer of construction related information over the
internet.
6. Storage of information

1. Promote better design through the use of auto cad, speed and
efficiency
2. Happier client
3. Consequently more satisfied and better paid architect
4. Staff strength is been reduce as non-technical position is
shrinking ,architect have before their own staff
5. Money and time is invested in staff training, but value is added as a
result to new skill acquired.

Qns

Give a brief discussion of the concept of E.I.A and explain its

relevance in the social economic development in a country like
Nigeria?

Ans

E.I.A: it is a process of analysing any adverse effect of any propose

development on the immediate environment in terms of primary &
secondary impact.

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E.I.A is a systematic process of identification, prediction and evaluation and
presentation of the probable as well as the possible consequence of a
proposed action at stage in the decision process where serious
environmental damage can either minimize or avoided.

The impact /relevance which are the effects influence and consequence of
the scheme of the social economic development of the country will be the
followings:

1. The design and the planning of the scheme is a source for the
professional in the building industry
2. The implementation or construction stage which provide employment
for a myriad of trades within the construction industry.
3. The effect of collected scheme on the social /economic life of the
community in which it is located.
4. E.I.A like damages to the air such as pollution, destruction of the eco-
system, visual discomfort and problem of the use of space.

Qns 3a.

What are architectural failures?

Enumerate 5 types with examples?

Ans

Architecture failure describe the break-down, disappointment, malfunction

, closure/stoppage or crash or collapse .the lack of source of architecture
piece or defect or break-down in service. anytime falling short of it mark of
expectation is failure.

5 types of failure

1. Building collapse /structural failure

2. Malfunction (nonfunctional design)
3. Stoppage or abandonment due to
a. Cost overrun
b. Litigation
c. Disappointment

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Qns 4.

The NIA conduct periodic accreditation visits to schools of architecture in

Nigeria. What’s the purpose of such visit and what is the impact on the
profession?

Ans

1. It encourages the training and competence of architect

2. Enhance the relationship between professionals and academic
section
3. Maintains even standard all over the country
4. Regulate the content of what it is been thought and leant.

As to relate the nation economic development; it helps for even and spread of
economic development to the gross root.

March 2007

Q2b

Explain 5 impact of an economic development and how they could enumerate.

Ans

5 impact of the demolition

1. Homelessness and displacement

2. Negation impact of the economic in case of Gov’t
3. Joblessness
4. Health Hazards
5. Environmental Nuisance (debris)
6. Increase crime rate

The Gov’t should make adequate and affordable having for the public before
demolition

Adequate providing for excavation of debris and rebus as they have been
demolish to prevent health hazard.

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(2) The enforcement arms must ensure struck adhere to regulation

Qns 1a

Describe the various types and levels of development plans in the context of
December 88 of 1992 and explain these relevant to national economic
development.

Ans

Types and levels of development plan

1. Federal Gov’t level

2. State Gov’t level
3. Local Government level

s/n Federal government level State Local

government level government level
National and physical Regional plan Town plan
development
Regional plan Sub-regional plan Rural plan
Sub-regional plan Urban plan Local plan
Urban plan Local plan Sub-
Subject plan

Proper enforcement of planning law & regulation and sanction on culpable

parties.

Question2c

you are saddle the responsible of restoring the Abuja master plan, state the
various step you will take to improve on the e………. by F.E.DA (federal
environmental development Agency)

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1 thorough study of the excising master plan to detect flaws

2 deploy qualify personal for on- the- spot evaluation / monitoring

3 from all the spot monitoring report, implementation policy to check

contravention of planning laws and regulations

4 locate incineration and dumping site away from the city to reduce health
hazard.

5 measure with even international standard

6 ensured standard and approve facilities

Qus5

In bid to promote the use of sustainable local developed materials the

construction industry this minister for work & housing has invited the NIA to
submit a paper on the development and utilization of indigenous building
materials in Nigeria:

Write outline for the paper.

Ans

1 introduction:

Any material source or produced locally is an indigenous materials

2 type of I.B.M (indigenous building materials);

1 laterite: Burnt bricks known as terra-cotta

2 grass; thatch

3 polystyrene: - petroleum bye product

4 stones: - foundation, superstructure, finishes

5 Karoline: - for paint works

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6 limber; bamboo, plywood & wood

3 development of the locally source materials

Set up kiln and factory where these materials are predominately found for
effective production and manufactories.

Gov. should encourage individual entrepreneur in the building industry

Encourage / promote the use of locally source material by the stakeholders in

build environment.

4 conclusions:-

Conclusively all stakeholders must be made to encourage the development and

utilization indigenous building materials

Qus 2003

Qus1

1 Discuss the role of building haws in adverting the kind of environmental

disasters experience during Ikeja bombing cantonment

Ans

1 proper zone and land use: the armoring should be isolated from the residential
area

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