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Contract scale of charges and code of professional

conduct

Materials
1. Finance hours/architectural project
2. Arbitration
3. Compilation of tender documents
4. Specification writing
5. Condition of contracts (summary standard form)
6. Contract administration
7. Building contract administration by Akpabio
8. Articles of agreement
9. Conditions of engagement
10. Standard form building contract
11. Auf technology
12. Easement and dilapidation
13. Project management
14. Financing for housing and architectural project
15. Contract administration
16. Compilation of tender document
17. Tendering process

Brief
It is statement of intention, what the client want or need,
determine what the client want and extract it needs, relate it
needs and wants to it resource and constraints. Use your
professional knowledge to advice him to determine the best
solution. Once you determine that this is doable, start the design
project and get the approval.

Tendering
Liaise with other consultant in step 4 (stage equal to realization of
the project (construct). These other consultant include (i)
structural Engr, Q.S, mech. Engr. Elect. Engr, facility manager:-
maintain the smooth running of the facility, specialty (centre
A/C/heating)

Financing houses/architectural project

 Finance for building project is a major factor for the
actualization for the building
 Establishment of project cost:- the responsibility of project
cost lies with the Q.S, the architect as the lead professional
b/p used high level of understanding the project cost.
 Existing method of building Finance:
(1) Traditional method
(2) Modern method

(i) In the tradition method members contribute in kind by

profession of
labour on member site until the circle is completed.

Modern method:-
(1) formal sectors (2) informal sectors

(1) Formal Sectors: They are financial institution working under

government guideline, they include primary & secondary
financial institution.

Primary: Federal Mortgage bank of Nig: roles:- provision of long

term credit facility. Supervision and encouragement of
activities of the mortgage institute, provision of long
term facility to individuals and property developer to
building project.

Secondary: (1) Commercial bank: provide cleans on alert term

basis to individuals
 (2) Merchant bank: offer bridging loans or interim
forms to property developer on short term basis
(bank of industry)
(3) Insurance company: have access to long term
savings for long term capital asset (real estate
investment)
(4) pension forms manager:-

2. Informal Sectors: (1) personal savings (2) family savings

(3) Money tenders

Cost control: The architect has major role from the design to
construction stage, in order to realizes a complete holistic client
object towards a successful project delivery

Problem of finances building project

(1) Cost of construction
(2) Land
(3) Construction industry
(4) Knowledge
(5) High interest rate
(6) Voluntary savings

The architect has a duty to understand complete project

management and financing of project for success in project
delivery.

Arbitration
Dispute in construction industry is inevitable

Method of resolving dispute

(1) Litigation
(2) Conciliation
(3) Arbitration
 (4) Gangstarism
(5) Mediation

Arbitration: Is a form of conflict resolution which by of formats is

expected to resolve complete fast and yet bring about
reconciliation to eliminate rancor and strike.

Features of the definition/arbitration

(1) There must be a real dispute but mere difference in opinion
(2) There must be an argument between parties to refer dispute
to specialist for hearing and settlement.
(3) Although it is an alternative to litigation it has same attribute

An Arbitrator
In construction industry arbitrator is one who has skill in
construction and addition to knowledge in law. They are not
independent exact but they are judges of law as well as facts.
However he will stand disqualify if:
(1) he has personal interest or
(2) Bias.

How matters may be referred

(1) reference by consent:- Agreement between both parties
(2) statutory arbitration:- forced
(3) reference by order of court:

 Criminal matter and quarrels arising from illegal contract

cannot be refer to arbitrations.

Appointment of an arbitrator
How the architect is appointed: Appointment is in writing.
(1) NIA ask both parties to supply brief detail of the dispute
and complete a form.
 (2) The complete forms are return to the institute and the
president approaches a competent arch.

The customary procedure before arbitration tribunal

(1) Opening: The claimant open his case
(2) Evidence: (i) oral statement made verbally made by both
parties
(ii) Documentary letters, agreement, deeds
(iii) Real models, plans and maps
(iv) Hear say not admissible
(3) Assessor and other assistance
(4) Staggering a special case
(5) Inspection
(6) Irregularity in the cause of reference

The award
- The judgments of an arbitrator in an arbitral proceeding is
called an award. After the award the proceeding is
terminated.
- Time: The party fixed the time, the umpire makes the award
within 3 months.

Question (1) What are the procedure for handling over of site to
the contractor.

Answer:
Handling over to contractor
(1) Agree of the earliest date with the client
(2) Notify the contractor, client and all other consultant of the
date and time
(3) Remind the consultant to prepare set of document to be
issued to the contractor on that date
(4) Inclusive of these procedure are following routine
Routine 1:
(1) General introduction
(2) Attendance and compilation of all management list
(3) Introduction of person in charge (contractor/consult/client)
(4) Submission of two copies of contract drawings and bills
(5) Issuance of a copy of planning authority drawings and
approval letter for site reference.

Routine 2:-
(1) Tour the site to locate the beacon, temporary site office,
material stock piling, and impediment to setting out right
of adjourning owners (easement)
Routine 3:
(1) Outline chain of communication
(2) Agree on lab for material analysis (concrete, soil, strength,
Q-Test)
(3) Source of power and water to site
(4) periodic of mobilization
(5) Fix a date for commencement
(6) Calculate date of completion

Routine 4:-
(1) Procuring of insurance
(2) write architect for setting out before excavation
(3) Preparing programs of works
(4) Don’t cast any blending until Engr. Approval
(5) To buy any water until Arc. Approves sample

Question 1b
Procedures for processing of site by the employer or client.

Answer
 (1) Fix a date
(2) Test plumbing works and installation
(3) Pre handing over inspection
(4) Inclusive of the above are they following:-

1. Handing over of all keys from the contract to client

2. Replacing contractors security with clients/employer
3. Insurance liability of works will shift from the contractors to
employers
4. Issue contractor practical completion certificate:-
Defect liability period begins to runs
snag list – certificate of making good defect
5. Release retention fee

Question 3:
Give five reasons for variation and the effects

Answer
(1) Unavailability of specific material
(2) Employer instruction to change
(3) Delay the completion period
(4) Fluctuation
(5) Architect instruction
 The effect is that it always necessitates the upward review of
the contract sum.

Question 4:
Discuss the relationship among the Architect, employer,
contractor and the clerk of works

Answer
The Architect: is the head of the team who also represent the
intent of the employer the right of the employer to appoint the
clerk of work and the contractor is to facilitate his performance
while the clerk of works should be under the directives of the
architect. The clerk of work cannot give instruction. All the
instruction to be confirm in writing by the architect.

Question 5
Write short note on the following
(1) Cost-in-Use
(2) Replacement east
(3) Cost overrun
(4) Contract document
(5) Total contract sun
(6) Most ferrous project
(7) B.O. T (Build Operate Transfer)
(8) R.O. & T (Rent Operate & Transfer)
(9) As built drawings
(10) Maintenance manual

Answer
Contract document: includes the following: all workings drawings,
article of agreement, condition of contract, bill of quantity
specification document

Question 6
Is an Architect a part of the contract agreement? Explain

Answer
No! This is a form of agreement to be filled and signed by
employer and contract with their witness

Question 7:-
What is the role of Architect in the execution of project?

Answer
(1) Head of building team
 (2) He bridge gap between the employer and contractor
(3) He represent the interest of the employer
(4) All instruction are given and confirm by him
(5) He supervises the project to ensure that works are in line
with the approval plan.

Question 8
Mention reasons for the determination of contract by the
contractor

Answer
Determination = termination
(1) if the client is not honoring the certification of payment as at
when due.
(2) Non-payment of Architect certificate within the agreed period
and continue refusal 7 days after the contractor written
request.
(3) Interfering or obstruction of any certificate by the employer.
(4) Suspending whole or part of the work beyond the agree
period due the following reasons:
(1) Force majeure
(2) Lost or damage
(3) Civil or unrest
(4) Delay in receiving information from the Architect

Question
What cumulating effect could a low completion period at the time
of tender have eventually on the owner, contractor, consultant,
what provision does condition of contract make to give relief to
these parties

Answer
The owner/client
(1) He has a claim to liquidated ascertained damages
 (2) He gets shoddy jobs (rubbish job)

The Contractor: He pays the penalty damages and liquidated

ascertain damage. In case He fails to pay it this
could lead to dispute or arbitration.

The Consultant: His integrity will be at stake and will be

reducing the chances of getting other jobs from
both client and contractor

Relief for the Client/owner: he can lay claim for liquidated

ascertain damages

Relief for the contract: there is no relief for the contractor.

Question
Relief for the consultant:

Question:
What is a program of works? What are the various types?

Answer
It is a chart used for planning, monitoring and evaluation of
contractors works, using a bar chart prepare by the contractor.

Parts:
(1) Items of works: personnel and labor
(2) Period of work: time and days

Question 2b
Explain the critical part analysis with respect to problem
resolution in contract.

Answer
Critical part analysis is a method of identifying a relationship
between task, establishing the direction, preparing schedule and
determining the C.P this helps to analysis C.P and how to resolve
them for effective progress of the contract. It accommodate the
limitation of a bar chart by showing task interrelationship and
highlight these issue that could create problems of delay.

Question
Explain the following as relate to the Architect duties
(a) Normal services
(b) Architect liability

Answer
Normal services: Stage 1 to 5

Design stage 1: phase 1 and phase 2

Phase 1: equals to commission and is burn of letter of commission
Phase 2: concept design

Design state 2: phase 3 and 4

Phase 3: coordinated detail design
Phase 4: all construction document

Stage 3: phase 5
Phase 5: tendering and award

Stage 4: phase
Phase 6: construction
Stage 5: phase 7
Phase 7: post construction.

Answer b part
Architect liability: it is the overall responsibility of the Architect to
administer the contract in the following.
 (1) Handling up site contractor in commencement of work
(2) Approving contractors programs of works
(3) Checking and confirmation of setting out
(4) Coordination of consultant and site activities
(5) Site inspection at least once a month
(6) Holding site meeting
(7) Issuing interim payment certificate
(8) Submission to employee of quarterly progress report
(9) Given instruction on matters which he is empowered by
the contract
(10) Handling over of completed or practical complete project
to the employee
(11) Final inspection/completion certificate/ final account/ final
payment certificate

Question 5
Explain the following
(1) Professional indemnity
(2) Negligence
(3) Tort
(4) Agency

Answer
(1) Professional indemnity: it is the professional insurance
as to relate to building contract with regards damage or
loses.
(2) Negligence: leaving everything to chance which leads to
shoddy job cost overrun and delay
(3) Tort: it is a legal process that comes from a contract
agreement as relate to claiming damages.
(4) Agency: it implys the relationship which comes into being
when one party (the agent) is employ by another (the
principal) to enter into contractual objection with a third
 party on the principal behalf e.g, the Architect relationship
between client and contract

Question 6
Your client as approach you to raise the funds from the capital
market. What are the options open to you.

Answer
Mortgage banks, commercial banks, merchant bank and special
banks

Question
How do you convince the financier on accelerated completion at a
higher cost?

Answer
(1) Viability of the project
(2) Feasibility study
(3) Accelerated programs of works.

Question
What is arbitration: it is a form of conflict resolution which by it
format is expected to resolve conflict fast between two or more
person and yet bring about reconciliation so that rancor and strive
are eliminated, by referring than to third party for a binding
decision/award.

Question
What are provision for arbitration in the standard condition of
contract

Answer
 (1) Dispute to be settle by arbitration
(2) NIA president to appoint the arbitrator
(3) Award of arbitration in final
(4) Law of arbitration is law of Nigeria

Question 3:
Explain the following.
(1) Variation
(2) Liquidated and ascertain damages
(3) Architect certificate
(4) Extension of time
(5) Find certificate
(6) Attendance
(7) Contract document

Answer
(1) Variation: is the alteration/modification of the design,
quality and quantity of works as shown upon in the
contract drawings, as describe by or referred to in the
contract bills.
(2) Liquidated and ascertained damages: this is the
agree amount the contractor will pay for every week of
default incompletion, as fixed in the appendix, an
employer may deduct the calculated sum from the money
due or is to become due to the contractor.
(3) Architect certificate: is a document issued by the
Architect at different stage of the construction work,
certifying work done and valuation which will include
(1) Interim payment certificate
(2) Certificate of making good defect
(3) Practical completion certificate
(4) Final certificate
 (4) Extending of time: it is a process for requesting off
addition time by contractor due to the delay of program of
works as a result of the following
(1) Force – majeure
(2) Inclement weather not expected by the seen
(3) Civil commotion
(4) Architect instruction
(5) Delayed in issuance of detail
(6) Delays by nominated by sub-contractor
(7) Delay in payment of certificate by employer

(5) Final certificate: means a document stating last

payment and the natural termination of the contract
except for produlart conciaciamut and unforeseeable
defect
(6) Attendance: shall mean contractor attending to the sub-
contractor for equipment/facilities for his attention (5%
allow)
(7) Contract document: includes the following
(1) All working drawing
(2) Articles of agreement
(3) Condition of contract
(4) B.O.Q
(5) Specification document

Arbitration
Dispute arise when one party fails to do the work properly
Three method of dispute resolution
(1) Arbitration
(2) Litigation
(3) Conciliation
(4) Gangstarism
Arbitration: is a fun of conflict resolution which by this format
is expected to resolve conflict fast between two or
more person and yet bring about reconciliation so
that rancor and strive are eliminated by referring
them to a third party for binding decision or
award.

Feature of Arbitration:
(1) There must be a real dispute either to litigate
or arbitration (to war-war or JAW-JAW)
(2) There must be an argument between the two
parties to refer the dispute to specially
nominated person for hearing and settlement
(3) It is an alternative to litigation
An arbitrator:
In construction industry arbitrator is someone who
has skills in construction and having knowledge in
law or undergone training as a lay arbitrator.
Knowledge in law of contract, tort event of civil
proceeding.

Criminal and illegal contract cannot be referred to arbitration. The

judgment in an arbitration proceeding is an award.

Advantage of Arbitration
(1) Dispute can be settle quicker than in court action
(2) less expensive than in court action
(3) Time and place can be arrange for convince to suit all
parties involve
(4) Less expensive than litigation
(5) The award must be property executed
(6) It has simply rules

Disadvantage
 (1) The arbitrator is paid the judge is not
(2) Venue is hire court is not
(3) Arbitration can be very lengthily

Note
Clause 35 of contract agreement provide for dispute to the
referred to arbitration

Sep 2009
Question 1
Mention the scope of service of an Architect as enshrine in the
condition of engagement

Answer
Scope of the service of the Architect include
(1) Normal services
(2) Additional services
(3) Partial services
B4
Normal service: include stages 1 & 2 & 3, but according to
condition of engagement sept 2011 is now stage 1 to 5.
Design stage 1: phase 1 & phase 2
Phase 1: commission and issuance of letter of commission
Phase 2: concept design
Design stage 2: phase 3 & phase 4
Phase 3: coordinated detail design
Phase 4: all construction document

Stage 3: phase 5
Phase 5: tendering & award
Stage 4: phase 6
Phase 6: construction
Stage 5: phase 7
Phase 7: post construction
Additional services:
(1) Feasibility study
(2) Sites and buildings
(3) Special drawings and models
(4) Development plans
(5) Special meetings
(6) Redesign
(7) Interior design
(8) Furniture and fittings
(9) Litigation and arbitration

Partial service: either one or two or more of the stages

(Stage 1 to 5)

Question 1b
List the various methods of arriving at the fee payable to the
consulting architect.

Answer
(1) Professional fee base on government approve scale of
fees for consultant in C.I (conditional of engagement and
remuneration for professional architect services sept
2011)
(2) time rates or man-month-rate base on years of experience
(3) Negotiations fee

Question 1c
Old fee
Answer
Stage 1:
Assumption
12 years = N92,400/month
20 days = 1month
92,400 = N4,620 per days
20 days
40 days for stage 1 = 40
X 4,620 = N184,800

Stage 2
N4,620 per day
60 days to do stage 2
60 x N4,620 = N277,200
Therefore my rate for stage 1 & 2 equal
184,800 stage 1
277,200 stage 2

Note the new rate is applicable for stage 3,4,&5

Question 2a
Short note on the following
(1) Prime consultant
(2) Project management
(3) Multi-farrous project

2b what are the features of a multi-farrous project

(c) give five example of M.F.P
(d) on which types of project would you recommend the
appointment of a project management
(e) what are addition services

Answer
(1) Prime consultant: is the leader of the consultants on a
project, he concise and initiate projects, produce the
guiding design and sketch coordinate and in some cases
manages the project.
 (2) Project manager: coordinate the logistic of the project
and activities of other consultants as they relate to the
clients. He does not take responsibility for the
performance of any other consultants. He is employed on
complex or large project to eliminate any unnecessary
financing burden on the client.
(3) Multi-farrous: they are project which has more than one
prime-consultant with the following characteristics
(1) Diversity of use
(2) Substantial infrastructures

Answer
2b What are the features of multi-farrous project
(1) More than 1 prime consultant
(2) Diversity of use
(3) Substantial infrastructure

Answer
2c 5 examples of multifarious project
(1) Teaching/general hospital complex
(2) Campus for secondary/university institution
(3) Major housing estate (not) less than 5 hectare
(4) Industrial complex
(5) Substantial and power distribution

Answer to d qstn
(1) On a complex or large project
(2) On a multifarious project

2e
Answer
Additional services: are services beyond the normal services and
contract period. They includes the following
(1) Feasibility
 (2) Sites and buildings
(3) Special drawings and model
(4) Development plans
(5) Special meetings
(6) Redesign
(7) Interior design
(8) Furniture and fittings
(9) Litigation and arbitration

Question 3a
What are Architect instructions

Answer
Is a written statement by the Architect to the contractors as
stipulate to the contract which is binding on the contractor and
must comply within 5 working days

Question 3A
Discuss procedure for insuring the instructions

Answer
Procedure include the following
i. It must be in writing
ii. It must be issue by Architect
iii. Contractor must comply within 5 working days
iv. Verbal instructions needs to be regularize within 5 working
days
v. Additional instruction from the client.

Question 3b
Write brief note on the following
i. Determination of contract
ii. Force-majour
iii. Arbitration
iv. Practical completion
v. Deflect liability period
vi. Reimbursable
Answer
1. Determination of contracts: all parties of building contract
have right to end the contract if it is breach and damage, also
which normal remedy does not work. Determination is
termination of contract which can arise due to the following
(a) Client not honouring certificate of payment as at when due
(b) Non-payment of Architect certificate within agree period and
continuous refusal 7 days after contract written request.
(c) Interference or obstruction of any certificate by the employer

Sup………. Part or beyond all of the work beyond agree time

2. Force-majour: unforeseen circumstance

3. Arbitration: is a form of conflict resolution which by formal is
expected to resolve conflict fast between two or more person and
yet bring about reconciliation so that rancor and strive are
eliminated by referring them to a third party for a binding award.

4. Practical completion: also means pre-taking over inspection,

carrying out by the Architect, client representative to ascertain
the state of readiness of the building to be taking over. The
focused on the correction on major defect and tasting of
equipments & services. This cheek will include
i. Clearing surfaces
ii. Testing equipment (fans and A/C)
iii. Test electrical installation & fitting
iv. Test plumbing work, leaking pipe, loose tap and sanitary
fittings
v. Check doors
vi. Doors
vii. Floors
viii. Walls

5. Defect liability period: begins from the date of practical

completion and last for six month and including one raining
season. During this period, the contractor is of maintain the
building defects requiring immediate alteration. The employer
should take note of all defect and report note to the Architect
6. Reimbursable: the consultant shall be reimbursable by other
employer for expensive actually and properly of details invoices
with supply receipt when practicable subject to promised sum
existing 1%

Arc = 40%
Mech. Engr. = 10%
Elect. Engr = 10%
Str. Engr = 15%
Q.5 = 15%
Geo-Tech. Engr = 5
Building = 5
100% of (1% of Provisional sum in
contract bill)

Question
March 2011
You are coming for an industrial part in Lagos, the complex
consists of 8 prototypes warehouse, with sum internal office value
N80million each. The cost of sub-structure of each is of 20% of
the cost. In addition there is cost of external work estimated to be
N40million
1. Calculate your percent fee as the prime contractor
2. Calculate your post contract fee when has reach 50% stage

Steps: ANALYSIS

Clause 23: 1.1 for any body work the architect is = prime
consultant

(1) Cost of project = N80 per each

(2) Sub- structure = No% of 80m = N16inch
(3) External work = N10 mil
(4) No of unit = 8mil

Steps 2: determine the Etc for non-repeat

Formula for Etc = 1st unit plus sub-structure of repeated
 Unit + total external work
E.T.C. therefore = 80 + (15x17) + 40
= 80 + 112 + 40
E.T.C. = N232mil

Step 3: Apply building scales table

Cost of project Arc % of payable Amount
Up to 5 mil 4.75% 239,500
Next 10 mil 4.5%400,000
Next 15 mil 4.25% 637,000
Next45 mil 4% 1.800,000
Next 75 mil 3.5%2,625,000
Balance = 82mil 3% 2.460,000
8210,000

Step 4: therefore the % fee stage 1 and 2 = 75%

75% of N8,210,000 = N6,157,500

Step 5: for the repeated units

E.t.c = total substructure of repeated units
E.t.c = for the first 10 repeat
Number of repeat x superstructure
= 7 x (80% of N80,000,000)
= 7 x 64,000,000
= 448,000,000

Applying the sliding scale table

Cost of project Arc % fee payable Amount

Up to 5m 4.75% 237,500
Up to 10m 4.5%450,00
Up to 15m 4.25% 637,000
Up to 45m 4.0%1,800,000
Up to 75m 3.5%2,625,000
Up to 150m 3.0%4,500,000
Balance 48million 2.5%3,700,000
13,950,000
 Step 6: pre-contract stage 1 & 2 = 75%
75% x 13,950,000
= 10,462,800
You are entitle to 30% because it is repetition
Apply 30% reduction factor to N10,462,800
Ans: 3,138,750
Therefore total fee payable to the Architect as prime consultant
equal to the value of repeat plus value of non-repeat.
3,138,750 + 6,157,800 = N9,296,200

Answer for b part

Step 1
Total Contract Sum = T.C.S
T.C.S =No repeat x cost of each + external works
= 8 x 80,000,000 + 40,000,000
= N680, 000,000

Step 2
Applying sliding schedule table
Cost of project Arc % of payable amount
Up to 5m 4.75% 237,500
10m 4.5%450,00
15m 4.25% 637,000
45m 4.0%1,800.000
75m 3.5 2,625,000
150m 3.0 4,500.000
200m 2.5 5,000,000
Balance 180m 1.75% 13,150,000
18,400,000

Post contract = 25%

= 25% x 18,400,000
= 4,600,000
50% work = 4,600
= 2,300,000

Note inflation and variation only affect T.C.S

Question 2
You are just been commission to up with a proposal of a 2
bedroom flat (house) on a plot in a choose area in Ilorin, using
(time rate) compute fees for stages 1 & 2

Answer
Assuming project cost = N80,000,000 E.T.C
Stage (1) = 4.75% of 80million
Phase (1) = 15% (4.75% of E.T.C)
= 15% of 3,800.000
Phase (2) = 20% of 3.800.000

Therefore phase 1 + phase 2 = 35% of 3,800,000

= 1,330,000

For design stage 2:

=Phase 3 + phase 4
=20% + 40%
=60%
=68% of 4.25 x 480million
=65% x 3. 800,000
=N12,470,000

Therefore your fee as prime contractor for stage 1 & 2

= N1,330,000 + 2,470,000
= N3,800,000

Question 2
What are the essential part of project management which the
Architect should plan for so as to have successful project. are the
other professionals, the architect has to relate in the process.

Question 3
Explains sequentially the step you will take to screen each of the
following contractor’s claims
(1) Extension of time/completion period
(2) Fluctuation clam for material
Qstn
Six storey building on a large expanse of land in Abuja, at its
recent board meeting approval to extend at existing building to
accommodate the conference hall. Other structure approved.
(1) Construction of 10 bedroom guest house: execution unit
(2) 8 Nos 4 bedroom senior staff quarters
(3) 2 blocks of 6 No 2 bedroom flat for junior staff.

Based on preliminary drawing prepare by your firm. The cost of

extension of the office block is N10million. The construction of 10
bedroom house is 20 million
4 bed senior staff is 10million
2 Nos block of flat is 15mill each.

As a prime consultant calc. your fee

Answer
Analysis
Office extension N10 mil
Ten bedroom guest house N20 mil
8 Nos 4 bedrm N10 mil

Office Block
E.t.c N10 mil
Therefore: fee for stage 1 & 2 = 4.75% of E.t.c
= 4.75% of 10 mil
= N475,000

10 bed quest house

E.tc = N20 mil
4.75% of 20mil = N950,000

8 Nos 4 bed at 10 mil each

E.t.c = N10 mil
Fee for stage 1 & 2 =
4.75% of E.t.c
4.75% of 10 mil = N475,000 (for first unit)
Next 10 unit = 80% of the for first unit
50% of 475,000 (x 7)
= N237,500 x 7
= N1,662,500
Total for 8 nos 4 bed
475,000 + 1,662,500 = N2,137,500

2 Nos block of flat

E.t.c each to N15 mil
4.75% of N15mil = 712,500
Next 10 repeat = 50% of fee for first unit
50% of 712,500 (x 1)
= N357,250
Total fee = 712,500 + 357,280
= N1,068,750
Total fee as a prime consultant

1,068,750
2,137,500
1,662,500
475,000
950,000
4,631,250.00

Stage 1 = 15% + 20%

= 35%
35% of 4,631,250.00
= N1,620,937.50
Stage 2 = 25% + 40%
= 65%
65% of N4,631,250
= 3,010,312.50

Note
Hourly rate
(1) No the cadal of staff to deploy (1) principal of the firm to
principal Architect
(2) Project Architect is an associate Architect
(3) Drivers
(4) Secretary
Principal

What comprises the tender document

Answer
(1) Instruction to tenders
(2) Articles of agreement
(3) Tender form
(4) Condition of contract
(5) Preliminary
(6) B.O.Q
(7) Working drawings
(8) Written specification

Question
State the steps you will take from the point of requesting for
tenders to the point of recommending a contractor to the client.

Answer
(1) Invite selected contractor to bid
(2) Purchase of tender forms
(3) Return tender/making submission
(4) Arrange a date for opening of bid/tenders
 (5) Tender analysis report which will take in to cognizes the
amount bided and time stipulated
(6) Recommendation (best 3 in descending order)

Question 2
Provide brief answers to the following question
(1) Define advance payment bond
(2) What are working drawings
(3) A lump sum contract

Answer
(1) A.P.B = it is a document obtained from the bank/financial
institution as a guarantee, which transfer all liability/risk
that may arise from the contractors default.
(2) What are working drawings: Working drawings are
contract document that show graphically all works that
will be carryout or executed in project. It also forms part
of tender document.
(3) Lump sum contract: it is a contractor that a fixed figure
and that does not entertain room for fluctuation.
Question
(4) What is the name given to the statement or drawing which
modify the base contract document, after the letter has be issued
to the bidders but prior to the taken of the bids.

Answer: Addendum

(5) Define insurance and state the parties involves

Answer
Insurance is the equitable transfer of a loose from one entity to
another in exchange for payment. It is a form of risk
management.
Type of Insurance:
(1) All risks insurance: covers all the parties of the contracts
(2) Professional indemnity insurance; it is a type of insurance
provided by the consultant, it serve as hedge against
professional negligent.

Answer (parties involve)

The parties involve insurance are
1, contractors; all risks
2, consultant; indemnity
3, client; insurance cover

(6) What are basic Architectural Services?

Answer
(1) Partial service
(2) Normal service
(3) Resident service
(4) Additional service

(7) What are liquidated damages:-

Answer
It is an agree amount the contractor will pay for every week of
default as fix in the appendix

Question 9
What are general conditions?

Answer
Clause that spell out the condition under which the project will be
administered or governed.
Question 10
What is the term given to the diff between the price listed and the
actual priced paid

Answer
Profit margin

Sept 2010

Question
To illustrate your understand write concise shift on the following
(1) Project tender document
(2) Variations
(3) Prime cost (prime cost suns)
(4) Provisional sum
(5) Architect instruction
(6) Prime consultant
(7) Project manager
(8) Resident supervision of project
(9) Architect certificate
(10) Project clerk of works

The land is shrinking the people are necessary and more water on
the earth surface conflict. In our designs we need to think of to
make the national resources remain in them state.

Carbon foot print

How much carbon the building has un from contribution to
running (from cement, tile, block work etc)
R.O.R = Revise-Optimal-Recircle: these help use to reduce waste
and get responsible: adapture reuse.
Green Architecture:- Philosophy of Architecture that advocate
sustainable energy sources, the conservation of energy, the reuse
and safety of building materials, and the stiny of a building with
consideration of its impact on the environment.

302
March 2012
Question
You had the commission to reneeler archutator service for the
design of a 10 stiny office building of a gross area of 12,000m 2.
You have now completed this tender doc and your client has
instructed to proceed to tendency process by inxity tender from 6
selected tender contract

Royalting and petant right: The contract to indemnify

employer for any royalty or petent right from the use of any
articles process or invention except if as a result of A. I without
which a contractor will not has anticipated it use. Either you
indemnify the client or verse visa. Royalties are suns payable in
respect of the supply and use in carryout the work as describes
by or referred to in the contract bills of any pententel article
process or envention.

Sustainability: ability to surive, durability it is the capacity to

endure the ability to use the earth resources and not preventing
the uret generation of net usey it. So it is our responsibility to
mcle the resources sustainable. Human should create invention to
preserve the earth resource. There is need to no man input on
geble scale

Carbone and sustainability

The earth has a ventage polliton from the sun, we need more land
spice to sum. This melting return of the ice and evermy the witar
retair on the earth surface
 (1) Firec – majour
(2) Inclement weather
(3) Civil – commotion
(4) A. I
(5) Delay in payment of certificated by client

(2) Fluctuation: it is the readjustment in contract sum in prices of

national or labour for contract with quantities

(3) Trade preambles: they are technical specification written by

Arc. Based which and in conjunction with drawing the Q.S contract
the B.O.Q. Attach in the doc together with the B.O.Q, articles of
agreement, condition of contract and preliminary. It is a sos of
referns by contractoer and supervisor to comfun compliance with
specification.

(4) Contingencies: a sum of money included in the contract prices

to cover the cost of extra work not possible anticipate at the
design stage of the project.

Question 2
Short note on the following
(1) Architect instruction
(2) Extension of time
(3) Fluctuation
(4) Trade preambles
(5) Contingencies
(6) Royalties and pertent right
(7) Sustainability
(8) Green architecture
(9) Clerk of work
(10) Insurances
(11) Attendance
Answer
1. Architect instruction: it is a written statement issue by the
Arc. To the contractor as it relate to the contract which is
binding on contractor and he most comply within 5 working
days.
2. Extension of time: it is a process of requesting for
additional of time by contractor due to delay of progress of
work as a result of or more of the following reasons.

(8) negotiated fee: one of the method vrol at aming at at fee due
to the consultant which is usually muc then he sliding scale

Sliding scale: it is the professional fee base on government

approve scale fee for consultant in construction industry.
Force major: It is define as enfve seen circumstance, that is war,
declared or undeclared, revolution, general labour strike,
epidemics extra ordinary flex, over flow water, fire incident and
major disaster or other ernl beyond the control of the consultant.

Tender document
Tender: is a formal offer to supply good and provide the
statement of price, you or a company will charge

(T.D): are due which are reluctant for tender processes which
include
(1) Drawing and specification
(2) B.O.Q
(3) Schedule of rates
(4) Invitation to tender
(5) Instruction to the person tendency
(6) Information about person tendency
(7) Firm of tender
Answer
Cost-in-use: it is the cost incurred that will make the building for
use: eg electricity, A/C etc

Replacement cost: it is a cost of maintenance: eg replacement

of bad keys.

Year

Questions
Messr: ABC Plc commission an Architectural firm for a proposed
multi-story building, the Architectural firm has just the working
drug in his with the normal service dictates, when the unfir
onmetur Architecutral firm with the same brief. These other fun is
the winner of a competition ABC Plc as organize. Analysis the
situation crotial and advise the first architecture fin on the live of
retun to take

Answer
He should be advise to make his clans sure he commission/ fund
engage. He should has letter of communion to make his clams or
inform the president of N.I.A.

(4) Estimate total cost: E.t.c: it is the cost of project as estimated

in the B.O.Q
(5) Reimbursable expenses: this are dames due to the
consultant/contract in incre respect of this following: transport,
accommodation supported logistic, office rental. e.t.c supported
by receipts which are verify and approved by the clients.
(6) Additional service: this are services beyond the serve at
contract period reddened by the prine consultant these will
include following
(1) feasibility study
(2) site and building
(3) special drug and modil
(4) development plan
(5) special meeting
(6) redesign
(7) material design
(8) furniture fitting
(9) litigation and arbitration
(10) supervision

7. Time charges: shall mean hourly, daily rate or man-month rats

for the professional and sub-professional staff.

Question 3
Write short note on the following
(1) Total contract sum
(2) Repetitive project
(3) Construction cost
(4) E.t.c
(5) Reimbursables expenses
(6) Additional services
(7) Time charges
(8) Negotiated fee
(9) Sliding scale
(10) Force-major
(11) Tender document

Answer
(1) Total Contract Sum (T.C.S): is the actual sun expended on
the project by the clients
 (2) Repetitive: shall mean unit(s) of the say design types and
specification to construction on the same site or other
sites
(3) Construction cost: value of measured work or value of
builders work

S/No Items Remarks (indicate

variation order)
1. Remove 4 no single swing solid Either V.O or not V.O
doors; size 1200 x 12100mm
2. Provide and replaces 4 nos siny V.O
swing goliel doors size 1200 x 2100
to golvel swing doors 2400 x 2100m
O:R V.O
Charge in the specification Doc
4 no single swing selvel 1200 x
2100
to 4 nos double swing soloel doors
to 2400 x 2100nin

(4) inclement weather

(5) delay in issuance of architecture instruction
(6) variation
(7) litigation
(8) civil commotion

Question
Differentiate among the following set of architecture technology
(1) renovation
(2) rehabilitation
(3) reconstruction
(4) restoration
(5) refurbishment
 (6) schedule of condition
(7) schedule of dilapidation
(8) schedule of repairs

Answer
(1) Renovate: Makes something like new again, to bring
something back to it formal better state by means of repairs,
redecoration or remodeling.
(2) Rehabilitate: restore a place to a good condition, to restore a
building or part of a town to it formal condition
(3) Restoration: it is the return something to previous condition.
To bring something back to an earlier and better condition
(4) Reconstruct: to put something back together from it
component part, pieces or remains.
(5) Refurbishment: cleaning and decorating of a building,
making it more attractive or better equipped.
(6) Schedule of condition: it is a list of the state or condition of
a building before occupation
(7) Schedule of dilapidation: it is a detail list of faulty or
defective element in a building with remedy and cost implication
(8) Schedule of repairs: it is a detail list of defective element.

Sept 2007

Question
A typical Arc. Interim cert. his number of information on a project,
enumerate 5 of such information and explain their relevance to
the project of construction work.

Answer
Below are some information on the Architect interim certificate
(1) Value of work completed to date
(2) Material on site
(3) Advances, mobilization and amount spent so far
(4) Variation
(5) Claims (reimbursable): transport, accommodation,
logistic, office renters etc

(6) Retentions

Explaining or note
The value of work explain the level of work completed to date
(1) Material on site shows the details of material used and
material on good for the project of work

Advances: Show how mobilization had been paid aid how much
spent so far
Variation: Details of changes that will affect the contract sum
Claims: show reimbursable which will include transport
accommodation logistic, office rental e.t.c

Retention: % retained until the end of defect liability period.

(4) name and address of contractor
(5) contract sum

Question 3
In the course of reconstruction project in Question 1 a local
chairman demanded a change in the specification of the entrance
doors from single solid door to double swing doors. Write out the
A.I in these regards.

Answer
To B & C builders Jwac KONZULTS
5, Eden Udo Street Uyo Abuja
Project title: Construction of primary health care in local
government in Nigeria

Signed Architect: Taju Oye

C/c 10
(1) Employer
(2) Q.S
(3) Clerk of work
(4) Consultant
Or for address alternatives
To:………………………………………………………
From:………………………………………………….
Project:………………………………………………..

Draw table
Signed:……………………………………………….
Copied:…………………………………………………

Part B: contains the particulars of amount certified

(1) valued of work completed to date
(2) materials on site
(3) advances
(4) variations
(5) claims
(6) retentions

Part C: the certificate

I herby certified that the sum of two million naira (N2,000,000)
shown as item no 10 is now due to the contractor on account
work executed and material supply.

Signed architect:…………………………………
Date:…………………………………………………

Question 4
Tender what condition would you recommend extension of time of
a project

Answer
(1) force-major
(2) delay in honouring the payment certificate
(3) delay in issuing detail