By Shikiel Alexander

THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY

The word photography came
from two Greek words that meant
drawing with light. The first time
the word photography was used
in 1839, the year the invention of
the photo graphic process was
made public by Sir John
Herschel
A QUICK BRIEF
In the 5
th
Century B.C.
( about 2500 years ago), the
Chinese were the first people
that were known to write
about the basic idea of the
pinhole camera or camera
obscura, which is Latin for
dark room, they wrote about
how an image was formed
upside down on a wall from a
pinhole on the opposite wall.
WHERE IT ALL BEGAN
This is a drawing of the camera
obscura done in 1646. this
drawing shows an outer shell
with lenses in the center of each
wall and an inner shell with
transparent paper for drawing.
The artist need to enter through
the trap door at the bottom.
THE CAMERA OBSCURA
In the 4
th
Century( about 2,400
years ago) the famous
philosopher Aristotle talked about
a pinhole image formation in his
work. He wondered why when
light shines through a rectangular
peep hole it appears circular in
the form of a cone? He didnt
find an answer and the problem
wasnt found out till 200 years
later in the 1500s.
ARISTOTLE
In the 1500s many artists,
including Michelangelo and
Leonardo da Vinci, used
camera obscura to help
them draw pictures. A
person would be placed
outside the darkroom and
their was reflected on a
piece of paper and the artist
would trace it.
MULTIPLE ARTISTS
The camera obscura was
used in this painting of this
picture. It was painted in the
1600s by Jan Van Der Meer
Van Delft. His paintings are
known for there camera like
detail and quality, but his
pictures were painted 150
years before the invention of
the camera. The next slide will
show off his art work.
JAN VAN DER MEER VAN DELFT
In the 1700s the camera obscura
was made portable, by putting it
in a box with a pinhole on one
side and a glass screen on the
other. Light coming through this
pinhole projected an image onto
the glass screen, where the artist
could easily trace It by hand.
Artists soon discovered that they
could easily obtain an even
sharper image by using a small
lens in place of the pinhole.
ADVANCED CAMERA OBSCURA
The birth of photography
happened in 1826 when a
French scientist, Joseph
Nicephore Niepce put a plate
coated with bitumen in a
camera obscura. He put the
camera obscura facing his
house for 8 hours and made a
photograph. It is the earliest
camera photograph that we
have to this day.
THE BIRTH OF PHOTOGRAPHY
William Henry Fox Talbot was an
Amateur scientist who read about
the daguerreotype and realized
that his invention was a lot like
his own unpublicized process
that he called photogenic
drawing. He quickly tried to claim
priority over Daguerre and
presented his process in a paper
to the royal society in London.
WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT
Niepce(top) began sharing
his findings with Louis
Jacques Mande
Daguerre(bottom) an who
owned a theatre in Paris.
They became partners
three years later.
Daguerre's most important
discovery came in 1835 two
years after Niepce died.
NIEPCE AND DAGUERRE
Daguerre found that the chemical
compound silver iodide was much
more sensitive to light than Niepce
bitumen. He put a copper plate
coated with silver iodide in a camera
obscura, exposed this plate to light
for a short time, them to fumes of
mercury and an image appeared,
one problem remained the image
darkened over time. Two years later
he solved this problem by washing
away remaining silver iodide with a
solution of warm water and table
salt .
CONTINUED
Daguerres process which he
named the daguerreotype, was
announced to the world on
January 7 1839, half a year later
the later the French government
gave Daguerre and niepces son
isidore lifetime pensions in
exchange for all rights to their
invention. The daguerreotype
was to become France gift to the
world.
CONTINUED 2


This a picture of a
daguerreotype
Photography arrived in America
because the man who invented the
telegraph system, Samuel F.B. Morse,
was so excited about it. He saw a
demonstration of the daguerreotypes
in Paris and returned to America and
spread the news. Daguerreotypes
remained popular in America into 150s
long after European photographers
had switched to the improved process
developed from Talbot's positive/
negative method.
DELIVERY FOR AMERICA
The civil war in America was the
very first war to be thoroughly
recorded by photography.
American photography Matthew
Brady saw the importance of
documenting the conflict as its
begging and organized a team of
photographers to cover different,
over 7000 pictures were taken.
CIVIL WAR
Leland Stanford unwittingly started a
chain of events that contributed to the
development of motion pictures. To
settle a wager regarding the position of
a trotting horse legs, he sent for
Eadweard Muybridge, a British
photographer who had recently been
acclaimed for photographers of
Yosemite.
BIRTH OF MOTION PICTURES
George Eastman was only 24 years old
when he set up his Eastman Dry Plate
Company in New York in 1880 and the
first halftone photograph appeared in a
daily newspaper. In 1888 he introduced
the first Kodak Camera that cost 25. it
had a 20 foot roll of paper, which could
hold up to 100 picture, already in it. To
get the film developed you had to return
the camera back to the Eastman Dry
Plate Company in Rochester, New York.
For 10 they would develop the
photographs, put more film in your
camera and mail everything back to you.
One year later an improved Kodak
camera with a roll of film instead of a 20
foot roll of paper.
KODAK CAMERAS
People had tried to make colour
photographs since 1860. it
wasnt until 1906 that a film
sensitive to all colours called,
panchromatic film was produced.
You had to take three separate
negatives and then use a special
viewer so you could see all three
sides laid on top of each other.
The first colour plates were
invented in 1907 by Auguste and
Louis lumiere. They named it
auto chrome. The colours
appeared in delicate pastel.
COLOUR PHOTOGRAPH
Oscar Barnack, the inventor
of the world-renowned
Leicca camera was the first
to utilize the new 35mm
format with the production
of the Ur-leica in 1924.
OSCAR BARNACK
Kodachrome was the first
color film that had more
than one layer of film. Now
you wouldnt have to take
three separate photos and
place them on top of each
other to get one colour
photograph, you could just
take one photograph.
KODACHROME
Since Kodak was born photography
blew a lot more company's have made
there own brand of cameras, such as
Nikon, Canon, Samsung and many
more. From the very the first picture
that was taken, which took 8 hours to
take, to now where a picture is taken in
milliseconds with a the push of a
button, you can see how much the
cameras have changed. I believe that
in the 50 years or so people will come
up many more jaw-dropping
contraptions that will be remembered
in another thousand years.
Thank you for listening to my
presentation, I hope you enjoyed it!