Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 8
Top of post
mounted Girder
Grade
Top mount/flush
Girder span tables from the
Building Code for #2SYP
and a 40 lb. Live Load:
*Partial reproduction of Table R502.5(I) at 30
ground snow load and roof ceiling and 1 clear
span floor. Deck width is 20 or less measured in
the direction of joists span. Splices in plys must
break over bearing supports.
Department of Inspections
2-5/8 Galv.
through bolts with
nuts and washer
Decks 48 or
greater from grade
requiring lateral
bracing shall be
anchored at top of
wood posts with
approve strap or
post brackets
Decks less than 48
from grade can use
3-16d toenailed
for attachment of
wood post.
Planning and Development
Handrails, Guards and General Construction
2x2 ledger strip or joist hanger required
Side mount dropped
Exterior Girder Clear Spans
Deck Width
Nominal Lumber Size
2x6
2x8
2 x 10
2 x 12
20 (2 ply)
311
61
71
20 (3 ply)
----
63
77
810
20 (4 ply)
----
----
89
102
Figure 6
Figure 7
Call our Residential Office
for details:
Braces shall be between 45 and 60 degrees
Attached not less than 1/3 of post length,
with one (1) 5/8 H.D.G. bolt with nut and
washer on each end of brace
If you have any questions about these specifications, the use of other
materials, standards or the code requirements for your deck, please
do not hesitate to call City of Raleigh Inspections Plan Review at
(919) 996-4200 or City of Raleigh Development Services - Customer
Service Center at (919) 996-2495.
Span is actual clear distance between
supports. 5/8 bolts are needed at the top,
bottom, and middle bracing points
For more information, visit our web site at
Joist span tables
from the Building
Code for #2SYP
and a 40 lb.
Live Load:
Joist Size
Spaced @
Will span
Joist Size
Spaced @
Will Span
2x6
12 OC
109
2 x 10
12 OC
18
16 OC
99
16 OC
161
2x8
24 OC
86
12 OC
142
24 OC
131
12 OC
219
16 OC
1210
16 OC
1810
24 OC
11
24 OC
154
2 x 12
raleighnc.gov
This brochure is a publication of The City of Raleigh
What you need to know before
building an attached or
self-supporting deck to your home
All Decked Out?
Planning and Development
Department of Inspections
09/05/13
First Things First
A.
Everyone dreams of the perfect deck
But getting from Point A (the dream deck) to point B (planning and
constructing it) is not always as easy. This brochure will help you
construct a safe, code-compliant dream deck.
Some Things to Think About...
1.
Be sure to obtain a building permit for the deck before you build it. For more
information on how and where to obtain your building permit, call or visit
the Residential Office 8320-130 Litchford Road, Raleigh NC or simply call us at
(919) 996-4200. Office hours are Monday-Friday from 8:00 am to 4:45 pm.
Figure 2
Will your deck be attached to the residence for support or
will it be a self supported deck?
If attached, this means the deck band will be connected to the house band and that your deck will be
supported partially by the existing foundation of the house. Attached decks must be connected to the
band or rim joist of the house by 5/8 inch galvanized through bolts. Also, the existing siding (except brick)
which covers the house band must be removed so that the deck band makes full contact with the house
band. Non-aluminum, non-corrosive flashing must be installed between the house and deck bands (see
flashing detail in Figure 1) to prevent water from rotting the house band. See diagram below for detail.
Figure 1
All Structures Except Brick Veneer
Fasteners
8 Max Joist Spana 16 Max Joist Spana
5/8 Hot Dipped Galv.
Bolts with nut and
1 @ 3-6 o.c. and 1 @ 1-8 o.c and
washer b and 12d
2 @ 8 o.c.
3 @ 6 o.c.
Common Hot Dipped
Galv. Nails c
Brick Veneer Structures
Non-aluminum, noncorrosive flashing
shall be between bands for full
depth and kick out underneath of
siding below. Flashing shall extend
underneath siding above a min. 2.
Fasteners
8 Max Joist Spana 16 Max Joist Spana
5/8 Hot Dipped Galv.
Bolts with Nut and
1@ 2-4 o.c.
1@ 1-4o.c.
Washer b
a: attachment interpolation between 8 & 16 joists span are allowed,
b: Minimum edge distance for bolts is 2.5 inches,
c: Nails must penetrate supporting structure band a minimum of 1.5 inches
2. What distance will you span between supports?
Your joists must be sized to carry a 40 lb. per sq. ft. live load. In some instances, a girder is used to help
meet this design criteria and to allow use of smaller individual floor joists (See floor joist span in Figure 6).
3.
B.
But, first things first
How deep and how large must the footings
under support posts be?
Each deck support post must be supported by concrete footings. The size of each footing is determined by
the tributary load imposed on it. See the diagram below for an explanation of tributary load. Each footing
must be dug down into undisturbed soil and to a minimum depth of 12 inches.
C.
Why the permit and inspections?
To ensure that the deck will comply with local zoning regulations and with
the North Carolina State Residential Building Code. The zoning regulations
establish minimum setbacks that must be maintained from property lines. The
building code governs the method of construction, materials, means of support,
attachment and requires safety features such as guard rails and hand rails.
Our Recommendations for a
Minimum Code and a Code Plus Deck...
Figure 3
Lumber
First, all lumber should be treated or decay resistant. We will assume that you will use pressure treated Southern
Yellow Pine #2 (SYP) with joist spacing set at 16 inches on center (OC). Other species of lumber are acceptable for
use. For specific allowable spans on other species, consult the building code or call the Residential Office.
You only need to build to Minimum Code. However; if you want a sturdier deck, we have also
given you our recommendations for a Code Plus deck.
Non-aluminum, noncorrosive flashing shall be between bands
for full depth and kick out underneath of siding below. Flashing
shall extend underneath siding above a min. 2.
Footing Chart a, b, c*
SIZE (inches)
THICKNESS (inches)
TRIBUTARY AREA
(square)
Precast
Cast-in-Place
Precast Footings
Poured-in-Place
Footings
8 X 16
8 X 16
36
12 X 12
12 X 12
40
16 X 16
16 X 16
70
16 X 24
100
24 X 24
150
Ex.: 4x 8x 16
doublestacked solid block
8
8
8
*a. Footing values are based on single floor and roof loads; b. Support post must rest in center 1/3 of footer; c. Top of footer
shall be level for full bearing support of post
4. How high off the ground will the floor of your deck be?
If the walking surface of the deck is 30 inches off of the ground, your deck must be surrounded by guard rails which
are a minimum of 36 inches in height. The steps for the deck must also have guard rails on both sides if there are 4 or
more individual risers (spaces between steps). If the steps have a total rise of 30 or more above ground level, guard
rails/hand rails must also be provided on open sides of the steps. See figure 4 & 8
5. Bracing your deck for lateral support.
If your planned deck is attached and over 4 above the ground (measured from top of footing to deck floor), bracing
for lateral support is required. Self supported decks greater than 30 in height (measured from the top of footing to
deck floor) also require bracing. Several methods of bracing are acceptable depending on whether the deck is free
standing or attached (see figure 6 & 7). Consult with the Residential Office at 919-996-4200 to select a method that
meets code and will work best for your project.
Footing Depth:
Footing Size:
Post Size:
Girder Size:
Post Spacing:
Deck Band & Ledger:
Joist Size:
Deck Flooring:
Guard Rail & Height:
Minimum Code Deck
Code Plus Deck
12 to bottom of footing
8 x 16 x 6
16 x 16 x 8
4 x 4 x varies up to 8
6 x 6
2-2 x 8
(see girder table in Figure 4 & 5)
2-2 x 12 through bolted to
posts
(see span drawing in Figure 7)
6 maximum between posts
around perimeter and in lines
across the deck floor
2 x 8 for Band 2 x 2 for Ledger or Deck band: use 2 x 10 Ledger:
use Joist hanger (see Figure 1)
use 2 x 2 with 3 nails under
each joist *(may substitute 2 x
8 for band if joist hangers are
used in lieu of ledgers)
(see span table under Figure 6)
Use 2 x 10 spaced 16 OC
5/4 x 6
Use 2 x 6 flooring with 1/8
space between
Max. clear space between pickets is
4 Height: 36 minimum
Space railing posts 6 OC
* This option requires the Code-Plus features
Important Note:
The Building Code also regulates items such as the stringers and treads for steps, fastening
(nailing and/or bolting) and bracing for lateral stability. Be sure to discuss these with one
of our specialists if you have questions about what the code requires.
