Branches of Zoology
1. Entomology= Study of insects.
2. Ichthyology= Study of fishes
3. Helminthology= Study of helminthes worms.
4. Mammalogy= Study of mammals.
5. Orinthology= Study of birds.
6. Parasitology= Study of parasitic worms.
7. Virology= Study of virus.
8. Herpetology=Study of reptiles.
9. Anthropology= Study of human evolution and culture.
10. Cindology= Study of coelenterates.
11. Euthenics= Study of improvement of human race through laws of heredity.
12. Karyology= Study of nucleus.
13. Malacology= Study of molluscs.
14. Microbiology= Study of microorganisms.
15. Protozoology=Study of unicellular organisms.
Branches of Zoology related to the medical science
1. Bacteriology=study of bacteria.
2. Virology= Study of virus causing diseases.
3. Epidemiology=Study of epidemic diseases.
4. Immunology=Study of defense and resistance against any diseases.
5. Helminthology= Study of helminthes Parasites.
6. Parasitology= Study of parasites.
7. Enzymology= Study of enzymes.
8. Hematology=Study of blood.
9. Cardiology=Study of heart.
1o.Oesteology=Study of bones.
11. Endocrinology=study of endocrine glands and hormones.
BOTANY
Botany is defined as being the scientific study of plant life. It is known to be
split up into five main subcategories which are:
Plant anatomy: An area of botany which focuses the internal structure of plants,
concentrating on mature structures and their origin, development and evolution.
Dendrology: An area of botany which studies trees, shrubs and other woody
plants.
Plant morphology: An area of botany which focuses on the external structure
and appearance of plants, namely their visual characteristics.
Plant physiology: An area of botany which focuses on the function (or
physiology) of plants such as their daily functions and processes.
Phytopathology (plant pathology): An area of botany which studies the
disease and disease-causing pathogens that affect plants. Environmental
conditions such as pollution are studied too.
Other branches of botany include:
Agrostology: A branch of botany which studies grasses.
Bicarpellatae: A branch of botany which studies 'bicarpellatae' plants - a group
based solely on Bentham and Hooker's classification system. The plants involved
are gamopetalae and dicotyledons.
Bryology: A branch of botany which studies bryophytes such as liver worts and
mosses.
Calyciflorae: A branch of botany which studies 'calyciflorae' plants - similar to
bicarpellatae in that they are based on an artificial grouping system. The plants
involved are polypetalae and dicotyledonous.
Disciflorae: A branch of botany which studies the same plants involved in
calyciflorae but is based around the old second artificial classification system.
Ethnobotany: A branch of botany which focuses on the relationship between
plants and humans and how plants are perceived amidst different classes of
people and cultures.
Ethnolichenology: A branch of botany similar to ethnobotany but focuses on
lichens specifically.
Micropaleontology: A branch of paleontology which studies microfossils.
Paleobotany: A branch of paleontology which focuses on the recovery of plant
fossils and their evolutionary steps across the ages.
Paleoethnobotany: A branch of archaeology which focuses on the remains of
plant fossils found in archaeology sites and the discovery of how such plants were
used in society and agriculture in the past.
Palynology: A branch of earth science which studies palynomorphs (very small
particles), in particular spores and pollen found from contemporary sources or
fossils.
Pomology: A branch of botany which studies 'pome' fruit, although it has been
used in reference to the study of all fruits.
ECOLOGY
Specialized branches of ecology include, among others:
Applied ecology, the practice of employing ecological principles and
understanding to solve real world problems (includes agroecology and conservation
biology);
Biogeochemistry, effect of biota on global chemistry, and the cycles of matter
and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space.
Biogeography, the study of the geographic distributions of species ;
Chemical ecology, which deals with the ecological role of biological chemicals
used in a wide range of areas including defense against predators and attraction of
mates;
Conservation ecology, which studies how to reduce the risk of species
extinction;
Ecological succession, which focuses on understanding directed vegetation
change;
Ecophysiology which studies the interaction of physiological traits with the
abiotic environment;
Ecotoxicology, which looks at the ecological role of toxic chemicals
(often pollutants, but also naturally occurring compounds);
Evolutionary ecology or ecoevolution which looks at evolutionary changes in
the context of the populations and communities in which the organisms exist;
Fire ecology, which looks at the role of fire in the environment of plants and
animals and its effect on ecological communities;
Functional ecology, the study of the roles, or functions, that certain species (or
groups thereof) play in an ecosystem;
Global ecology, which examines ecological phenomena at the largest possible
scale, addressing macroecological questions;
Landscape ecology, which studies the interactions between discrete elements
of a landscape;
Macroecology, the study of large scale phenomena;
Marine ecology, and aquatic ecology, where the dominant environmental milieu
is water;
Microbial ecology, the ecology of micro-organisms;
Microecology, the study of small scale phenomena;
Paleoecology, which seeks to understand the relationships between species in
fossil assemblages;
Quantitative ecology, the development of mathematical and statistical tools to
interpret and analyze ecological data.
Restoration ecology, which attempts to understand the ecological basis
needed to restore impaired or damaged ecosystems;
Soil ecology, the ecology of the pedosphere;
Theoretical ecology, the development of ecological theory, usually with
mathematical, statistical and/or computer modeling tools;
Urban ecology, the study of ecosystems in urban areas.
ECOLOGIST
Notable figure
Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek
Carl Linnaeus
Lifespan
1632-1723
Major contribution & citation
First to develop concept of food chains
17071778
Charles Darwin
1809-1882
Herbert Spencer
18201903
Karl Mbius
1825-1908
Ernst Haeckel
1834-1919
Victor Hensen
1835-1924
Eugenius Warming
Ellen
Swallow
Richards
Stephen Forbes
1841-1924
18421911
Influential naturalist, inventor of science on
the economy of nature
Founder of evolution by means of natural
selection, founder of ecological studies of
soils
Early founder of social ecology, coined the
phrase 'survival of the fittest'
First to develop concept of ecological
community,
biocenosis,
or
living
community
Invented the term ecology, popularized
research links between ecology and
evolution
Invented
term
plankton,
developed
quantitative and statistical measures of
productivity in the seas
Early founder of Ecological Plant Geography
Pioneer and educator who linked urban
ecology to human health
Early founder of entomology and ecological
concepts in 1887
18441930
Vladimir Vernadsky
Henry C. Cowles
1869-1939
1869-1939
Jan Christian Smuts
1870-1950
Arthur G. Tansley
18711955
Charles
Adams
1873-1955
Christopher
Friedrich Ratzel
1844-1904
Victor
Shelford
1877-1968
Ernest
Alfred J. Lotka
1880-1949
Henry Gleason
1882-1975
Charles S. Elton
1900-1991
Founded the biosphere concept
Pioneering
studies
and
conceptual
development in studies of ecological
succession
Coined the term holism in a 1926
book Holism and Evolution.
First to coin the term ecosystem in 1936
and notable researcher.
Animal ecologist, biogeographer, author of
first American book on animal ecology in
1913, founded ecological energetics.
German geographer who first coined the
term biogeography in 1891.
Founded physiological ecology, pioneered
food-web and biome concepts, founded The
Nature Conservancy
First to pioneer mathematical populations
models explaining trophic (predator-prey)
interactions using logistic equation
Early ecology pioneer, quantitative theorist,
author, and founder of the individualistic
concept of ecology
'Father' of animal ecology, pioneered foodweb & niche concepts and authored
influential Animal Ecology text
