Globalization and education
What is Globalization?
Globalization Used to describe the growing integration of economics
worldwide through increases in trade investment flows, and technology
transfer.
What Globalization is all about?
Globalization describes the interplay across cultures of macro-social
forces. These forces include religion, politics, and economics.
Globalization can erode and universalize the characteristics of a local
group.
Characteristics of Globalization that can be linked to Education:
Educational Terms There is a growing understanding that the neoliberalism version of globalization, particularly as implemented (and
ideologically defended) by bilateral, multilateral, and international
organizations, is reflected in an educational agenda that privileges, if not
directly imposes , particularly policies for evaluation, financing
assessment, standards, teacher training, curriculum, instruction and
testing.
Economic Terms Is the increasing economic interdependence of national
economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border
movement of goods, service, technology, and capital. A transition from
Fordist to Post-Fordist forms of workplace organization; A rise in
internationalized advertising and consumption patterns; A reduction in
barriers to the free flow of goods, workers and investments across
national borders; A correspondingly, new pressures on the role of workers
and consumers on society.
Political Terms- Under globalization, politics can take place above the state
through political integration schemes such as the European Union and
through intergovernmental organizations such as the International Monetary
Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. Political activity can
also transcend national borders through global movements and NGOs. Civil
society organizations act globally by forming alliances with organizations in
other countries, using global communications systems, and lobbying
international organizations and other actors directly, instead of working
through their national governments. A certain-loss of nation-state
sovereignty or at least the erosion of national autonomy, and,
correspondingly, a weakening of the notion of the citizen as a unified
and unifying concepts, a concept that can be characterized by precise
roles, rights, obligations and status.
Cultural Terms - Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values
across national borders. This process is marked by the spread of commodities
and ideologies, which become standardized around the world. Mass
consumption serves as a facilitator between different people and cultures
around the globe as a result of the exponential growth of the human
population. A tension between the ways in which globalization brings forth
more standardization and cultural homogeneity, while also bringing more
fragmentation through the rise of locally oriented movements.
Aspects of Globalization
1. Industrial Globalization, Trans-Nationalization refers to the rise and
expansion of multinational and transnational enterprises
2. Financial Globalization refers to the emergence of world wide financial
markets and better access to external financing for corporate,, national and subnational borrowers
3. Political Globalization refers to the spread of political sphere of interests to
the regions and countries outside the neighborhood of political actors and the
potential formation of a global citizen movement
4. Information Globalization refers to the increase in information flows between
geographically remote locations
5. Cultural Globalization refers to the growth of cross-cultural contacts6.
Globalism refers to the universal internationalist impulse that the world is
connected
Implication of Global Information Society in the Education System
Demands for widening the education access for all.
Continuous lifelong learning Global versus local cultural development
Creation of new educational networked organization
Changing the educational management from hierarchical institutions to equal
distributions of network organizations from commanding to negotiating
Demand for more flexible and general skills
What are the Core Values and Competencies for Global Education?
Core Values Core Skills and Competencies
Peace & non-violence
Self-worth & self-affirmation
Social justice Affirmation & others
Human rights
Cultural & racial differences
Economic well-being & Critical thinking equity
Effective communication skills
Cultural integrity
Non-violent conflict resolution
Ecological balance & meditation
Democratic participation
Imagination
Effective organizing
Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Issues on Globalization
1. Socio-cultural Issues
Massive migration- are changing the ways we experience national identities and
cultural belonging
Managing difference- is becoming one of the greatest challenges to
multicultural countries
Global changes in culture- deeply affect educational policies, practices and
institutions
2. Economic Issues
Worldwide inequality
Consistency and quality of educational experiences remain patchy
Secondary education in developing countries remains quite weak
New technologies of globalization
3. Political Issues
Constraint on national/state policy
Economic coordination and exchange Global conflict
Crime
Terrorism
Environmental issues
Conflict and Consensus Perspective on the Role of Education in Understanding Globalization
Forces of Globalization
Taxing youth
Families
Education system
Experiences of youth will be linked to:
Economic realities
Social processes
Technological and media innovations
Cultural flows
Roles of education
Education will need both rethinking and restructuring if schooling is to
best prepare the children and the youth of the world to engage
globalizations new challenges, opportunities and costs.
Education should shape the cognitive skills, interpersonal sensibilities,
and cultural sophistication of children and youth whose lives will be both
engaged in local contexts and responsive to larger transnational process.
Globalization and its Impact on Education
Needed reforms within the educational system
The fall out of globalization
What are these needed reforms in education?
1. Content of Education
A. Curriculum Up-gradation- the modern advances in information technology
have revolutionized among others, the content of knowledge and the process of
educational transaction
B. Productivity Orientation- the basic objective of globalization is to enhance
productivity and to make the educational system an instrument in preparing
students who can complete in the world markets as productive members of the
society.
2. The Fall out of Globalization
A. Internationalization of education This has become a worldwide
phenomenon because of the entry World Trade Organization (WTO) and the
inclusion of educational services under the General Agreement on Trade and
Services (GATS) which has given a boost to the internationalization of higher
education.
B. Finance-related issues In order to be a part of global configuration, the
requirement of funds for social services including education win increase manifold.
C. Privatization of secondary and higher education As a corollary to the
suggestions about reducing public investment in secondary and higher education, a
plea has been made to hand over these sectors to private bodies.
Impact on Education
It will mean or more competitive and deregulative educational system.
With more pressure on it to assure that the next generation of workers are
prepared for some zamorphous job market of 21st century
Educational system will increasingly provide the sites of struggle over the
meaning and power of national identity and a national culture.
EDUCATION IN THE NEW MILIEU
Information and communication Technology and Education Technology has allowed
individuals to obtain, assemble, analyzed, and communicate information in more
detail at a much faster pace than ever before. According to Bruer (1993), learners
must rise above the rote, factual level to begin to think critically and creatively.
These increased demands dictates changes in the way teachers interact with the
students.
ICT- more than a New Technology ICT has become a personalized commodity and
the environment we are operating in is more and more based on information and
communication technology.
ICT has also been a driving force for globalization, but it has also divided the world
into those who have and those who have not, information rich and information poor.
The digital divide is not only dividing people in terms of availability of ICT but also
in terms of availability of education and wealth.
Increasing access through distance learning. Enabling a knowledge network for
students. Training teachers. Broadening the availability of quality education
materials. Enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of educational administration
and policy.
Teachers and students exploring the internets educational possibilities are termed
internets trailblazers on this new educational frontier not limited by distance or
national boundaries .
What do they say about the use of computers in education?
Computers in education enable us to: Teach more effectively Reach and teach more
students. Make the world our classroom. Turn latchkey kids connected kids. Get
ready for the future.
Computers in education disable us because: Effective teaching all but disappears.
The digital world remains divided. Students risk becoming anti social. Computers
are a health risk. Fundamental skills are sidelined.
How will the predicted changes affect education and schooling in
the future?
According to Lewis Perelman, there is a strong case of education transformation. He
argued that knowledge acquisition is no longer something that happens only in
school.
Education and Industry Jobs and skills should match. One of the deterrents in
finding a job is the mismatch of skills possessed by the graduated and the
requirements of the job.
The basic features of the system are as follows:
Students and trainees acquire technical and vocational skills from TESDA registered
programs in schools and training centers, public and private. After the training, the
graduates apply for jobs and get employed. When they decided later to contribute
their studies to earn a college degree, the TVET training they have completed will
be credited in the college and course they will take.
REFERENCES
http://www.enotes.com/research-starters/globalization-education
http://www.slideshare.net/june21harsh/globalisation-and-education-role-and-skillsof-21st-century-teacher
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/the-topic-of-globalisation-educationessay.php
http://www.slideshare.net/kantanakanji/presentation-1-25829345
http://ed121b232011.wikispaces.com/file/view/ED121.ppt
http://ed121pre2011.wikispaces.com/file/view/characteristics+of+globalization+tha
t+can+be+linked+to+education.pptx
http://www.slideshare.net/cristineyabes1/globalization-and-education-15972484
