Some more notes on Globalization.

Please read it if you can spare the time it can only do you
good.please read the topics in your textbooks too.

What is globalization???

Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining together economically, through education,
society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their national identity but also as part of
the world as a whole.

Advantages of globalization

Increased free trade between nations

Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest in developing nations
Corporations have greater flexibility to operate across borders
Global mass media ties the world together
Increased flow of communications allows vital information to be shared between individuals and
corporations around the world
Greater ease and speed of transportation for goods and people
Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect
Spread of democratic ideals to developed nations
Greater interdependence of nation-states
Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations
Increases in environmental protection in developed nations.

Disadvantages of globalization

Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path to prosperity

International bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe on national and individual sovereignty

Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war between developing
countries as they vie for resources

Decreases in environmental integrity as polluting corporations take advantage of weak regulatory rules
in developing countries
Increased flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing nations as corporations seek
out the cheapest labor

Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nations

Corporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society organizations and average
individuals
Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural expression

Greater chance of reactions for globalization being violent in an attempt to preserve cultural heritage

Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations

Analysis
Globalization Is Here to Stay!
Globalization does have problems and negative effects, but it is not going to disappear.

So
We need to learn how to reap its benefits, and minimize its costs.

To do that, we must:

Understand its impacts

Work to remedy the problems
Work to spread the benefits as widely as possible

Globalization and Education

What is Globalization?

Globalization Used to describe the growing integration of economics worldwide through increases in
trade investment flows, and technology transfer. What Globalization is all about?

Globalization describes the interplay across cultures of macro-social forces. These forces include
religion, politics, and economics. Globalization can erode and universalize the characteristics of a local
group.

Characteristics of Globalization that can be linked to Education:

Educational Terms
 Economic Terms Is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world
through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology, and capital.

Political Terms

Under globalization, politics can take place above the state through political integration schemes such
as the European Union and through intergovernmental organizations such as the International
Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization.

Political activity can also transcend national borders through global movements and NGOs. Civil society
organizations act globally by forming alliances with organizations in other countries, using global
communications systems, and lobbying international organizations and other actors directly, instead of
working through their national governments.

Cultural Terms

Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values across national borders. This process is
marked by the spread of commodities and ideologies, which become standardized around the world.
Mass consumption serves as a facilitator between different people and cultures around the globe as a
result of the exponential growth of the human population.

. Aspects of Globalization

1. Industrial Globalization, Trans-Nationalization refers to the rise and expansion of multinational and
transnational enterprises

2. Financial Globalization refers to the emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to
external financing for corporate, national and sub-national borrowers

3. Political Globalization refers to the spread of political sphere of interests to the regions and countries
outside the neighborhood of political actors and the potential formation of a global citizen movement

4. Information Globalization refers to the increase in information flows between geographically remote
locations

5. Cultural Globalization refers to the growth of cross-cultural contacts

6. Globalism refers to the universal internationalist impulse that the world is connected

Implication of Global Information Society in the Education System

Demands for widening the education access for all.

Continuous lifelong learning

Global versus local cultural development

Creation of new educational networked organization

 Changing the educational management from hierarchical institutions to equal distributions of network
organizations from commanding to negotiating

Demand for more flexible and general skills

What are the Core Values and Competencies for Global Education?

Core Values Core Skills and Competencies

Peace & non-violence

Self-worth & self-affirmation

Social justice

Affirmation & others

Human rights

Cultural & racial differences

Economic well-being &

Critical thinking equity

Effective communication skills

Cultural integrity

Non-violent conflict resolution

Ecological balance & meditation

Democratic participation

Imagination

Effective organizing

Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Issues on Globalization

1. Socio-cultural Issues

Massive migration- are changing the ways we experience national identities and cultural belonging

Managing difference- is becoming one of the greatest challenges to multicultural countries

Global changes in culture- deeply affect educational policies, practices and institutions

2. Economic Issues
 Worldwide inequality

Consistency and quality of educational experiences remain patchy

Secondary education in developing countries remains quite weak

New technologies of globalization

3. Political Issues

Constraint on national/state policy

Economic coordination and exchange

Global conflict

Crime

Terrorism

Environmental issues

Conflict and Consensus Perspective on the Role of Education in Understanding Globalization

Forces of Globalization

Taxing youth

Families

Education system

. Experiences of youth will be linked to:

Economic realities

Social processes

Technological and media innovations

Cultural flows

. Roles of education

Education will need both rethinking and restructuring if schooling is to best prepare the children and
the youth of the world to engage globalizations new challenges, opportunities and costs.

Education should shape the cognitive skills, interpersonal sensibilities, and cultural sophistication of
children and youth whose lives will be both engaged in local contexts and responsive to larger
transnational process.
. Globalization and its Impact on Education

Needed reforms within the educational system

The fall out of globalization

What are these needed reforms in education?

. 1. Content of Education

A. Curriculum Up-gradation- the modern advances in information technology have revolutionized

among others, the content of knowledge and the process of educational transaction

B. Productivity Orientation- the basic objective of globalization is to enhance productivity and to make
the educational system an instrument in preparing students who can complete in the world markets as
productive members of the society.

. 2. The Fall out of Globalization

A. Internationalization of education This has become a worldwide phenomenon because of the entry
World Trade Organization (WTO) and the inclusion of educational services under the General Agreement
on Trade and Services (GATS) which has given a boost to the internationalization of higher education.

B. Finance-related issues In order to be a part of global configuration, the requirement of funds for
social services including education win increase manifold.

C. Privatization of secondary and higher education As a corollary to the suggestions about reducing
public investment in secondary and higher education, a plea has been made to hand over these sectors
to private bodies.

Impact on Education

It will mean or more competitive and deregulative educational system.

With more pressure on it to assure that the next generation of workers are prepared for some
amorphous job market of 21st century.

Educational system will increasingly provide the sites of struggle over the meaning and power of
national identity and a national culture.