1960

This article is about the year 1960. January 22

In France, President Charles de Gaulle res

1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday Jacques Massu, the commander-in-chief of
(dominical letter CB) of the Gregorian calendar, the the French troops in Algeria.
1960th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Do-
mini (AD) designations, the 960th year of the 2nd mil- Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descend into
lennium, the 60th year of the 20th century, and the 1st the Mariana Trench in the bathyscaphe Trieste,
year of the 1960s decade. It is also known as the "Year reaching the depth of 10,911 meters (35,797
of Africa" because of major eventsparticularly the in- feet) and become the rst human beings to
dependence of seventeen African nationsthat focused reach the lowest spot on Earth.
global attention on the continent and intensied feelings
of Pan-Africanism. January 24 A major insurrection occurs in Algiers
against French colonial policy.

January 25 In Washington, D.C., the National As-

1 Events sociation of Broadcasters reacts to the payola scan-
dal by threatening nes for any disc jockeys who ac-
1.1 January cepted money for playing particular records.

Main article: January 1960 January 28 The National Football League an-
nounces expansion teams for Dallas to start in the
1960 NFL season, and MinneapolisSt. Paul for the
January The state of emergency is lifted in Kenya, 1961 NFL season.
ocially ending the Mau Mau Uprising.
January 30 The African National Party is founded
January 1 Cameroon gains its independence from in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.
French-administered U.N. trusteeship.
January 2 U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy (D-MA) 1.2 February
announces his candidacy for the Democratic presi-
dential nomination.
January 6 The Associations Law comes into force
in Iraq, allowing registration of political parties.
January 911 Aswan High Dam construction be-
gins in Egypt.
January 10 British Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan makes the Wind of Change speech for
the rst time (see February 3).
January 14 The Reserve Bank and Commonwealth
Bank are created in Australia.
January 15 The rst televised anime, Three Tales,
debuts on NHK.
January 19 The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation
and Security between the United States and Japan
is signed in Washington, D.C.
January 21 A coal mine collapses at Coalbrook,
South Africa, killing 435 miners. 1960 Winter Olympics

1
2 1 EVENTS

Main article: February 1960 The N-class blimp ZPG-3W of the U.S.
Navy is destroyed during a storm over
Massachusetts.
February 1 In Greensboro, North Carolina, four Twelve Indian soldiers die in clashes with Red
black students from North Carolina Agricultural Chinese troops along their small common bor-
and Technical State University begin a sit-in at a der.
segregated Woolworths lunch counter. Although
they are refused service, they are allowed to stay February 13 France tests its rst atomic bomb in
at the counter. The event triggers many simi- the Sahara Desert of Algeria.
lar non-violent protests throughout the Southern
United States, and six months later the original four February 18 The 1960 Winter Olympics begin at
protesters are served lunch at the same counter. the Squaw Valley Ski Resort, in Placer County, Cal-
ifornia.

February 26 A New York-bound Alitalia airliner

crashes into a cemetery at Shannon, Ireland, shortly
after takeo, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.

February 29 The 5.7 Mw Agadir earthquake

shakes coastal Morocco with a maximum perceived
intensity of X (Extreme), destroying Agadir, and
leaving 12,000 dead and another 12,000 injured.

1.3 March

Main article: March 1960

A section of lunch counter from the Greensboro, North Carolina

Woolworths where the Greensboro sit-ins began is now preserved
in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American His-
tory

February 3 Prime Minister of the United King-

dom Harold Macmillan makes the Wind of Change
speech to the South African Parliament in Cape
Town (although he had rst made the speech, to lit-
tle publicity, in Accra, Gold Coast now Ghana
on January 10).

February 5 The rst CERN particle accelerator be-

comes operational in Geneva, Switzerland.

February 9

Joanne Woodward receives the rst star on the

Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Adolph Coors III, the chairman of the board
of the Coors Brewing Company, is kidnapped,
and his captors demand a ransom of $500,000.
Coors is later found murdered, and Joseph
Corbett, Jr. is indicted for the crime. The iconic picture of Che Guevara.[1]

February 10 A conference about the proposed

independence of the Belgian Congo begins in
Brussels, Belgium. March 2 Lucille Ball les for divorce from husband
Desi Arnaz after 19 years of marriage. The divorce
February 11 ends the I Love Lucy franchise.
1.4 April 3

March 3 Elvis Presley returns home from Ger-

many, after being away on military duty for 2 years.

March 5

Elvis Presley receives his honorable discharge

from the U.S. Army.
Alberto Korda takes his iconic photograph of
Che Guevara, Guerrillero Heroico, in Havana.

March 6

Vietnam War: The United States announces

that 3,500 American soldiers will be sent to
Vietnam.
The Canton of Geneva in Switzerland gives
women the right to vote.

March 17 Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710

crashes near Tell City, Indiana, killing all 63 on
board. Tiros I prototype on display at the Smithsonian National Air and
Space Museum
March 21 The Sharpeville massacre in South
Africa results in more than 69 dead, 300 injured.
At the 32nd Academy Awards ceremony, Ben-
March 22 Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hur wins a record number of Oscars, including
Hard Townes receive the rst patent for a laser. Best Picture.

March 23 Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev Elvis Presley's song "Are You Lonesome
meets French president Charles de Gaulle in Paris. Tonight?" is recorded for the rst time.

March 29 "Tom Pillibi" by Jacqueline Boyer (mu- April 9 Gunman David Pratt shoots South African
sic by Andr Popp, text by Pierre Cour) wins the Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd in Johannesburg,
Eurovision Song Contest 1960 for France. wounding him seriously.

April 12 Eric Peugeot, the youngest son of the

1.4 April founder of the Peugeot Corporation, is kidnapped in
Paris. Then, he is released on April 15 in exchange
Main article: April 1960 for $300,000 in ransom.

April 13
April 1 United States launches navigation satellite
Transit I-b.
Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tu-
anku Muhammad, 1st Yang di-Pertuan Agong The proposed mass-production of the Blue
of Malaysia, dies in oce. He is replaced Streak missile is cancelled.
by Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum
Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of April 19 April Revolution: South Korean students
Selangor. hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against
President Syngman Rhee, eventually leading him to
The United States launches the rst weather
resign from that oce.
satellite, TIROS-1.
The 1960 United States Census begins. There April 21 In Brazil, the countrys capital (Federal
are 179,323,175 U.S. residents on this day.[2] District) is relocated from the city of Rio de Janeiro
All people from Latin America are listed as to the new city, Braslia, in the highlands. The actual
white, including blacks from the Dominican city of Rio de Janeiro becomes the State of Guan-
Republic, European whites from Argentina abara.
and Mexicans who resemble Native Ameri-
cans. April 27 Togo gains independence from France,
with the French-administered United Nations Trust
April 4 Territory being terminated.
4 1 EVENTS

1.5 May May 6 United States President Dwight D. Eisen-

hower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1960 into law.
Main article: May 1960
May 9 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
announces that it will approve birth control as an ad-
ditional indication for Searle's Enovid, making it the
worlds rst approved oral contraceptive pill.
May 10 The U.S. nuclear-powered subma-
rine USS Triton, under the command of Captain
Edward L. Beach Jr., completes the rst under-
water circumnavigation of the Earth (codenamed
Operation Sandblast).
May 11 In Buenos Aires, four Mossad agents
abduct the fugitive Nazi criminal against humanity,
Adolf Eichmann, in order that he can be taken to
Israel and put on trial. (Eichmann is later convicted
and executed).
May 13 A joint Swiss and Austrian expedi-
tion makes the rst ascent of the Asian mountain,
Dhaulagiri, the worlds 7th highest mountain.
May 14 The Kenyan African National Congress
Party is founded in Kenya, when 3 political parties
join forces.

Francis Gary Powers wearing special pressure suit for strato- May 15 The satellite Sputnik 4 is launched into
spheric ying orbit by the Soviet Union.
May 16

May 1 Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev demands an

apology from President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Several Soviet surface-to-air missiles shoot for the U-2 reconnaissance plane ights over
down an American Lockheed U-2 spy plane. the Soviet Union, thus aborting the summit
Its pilot, Francis Gary Powers of the Central meeting scheduled for Paris in 1960.
Intelligence Agency, is captured. Theodore Maiman operates the rst laser.
In India, May 2 is declared as 'Maharashtra Di-
May 18 Real Madrid beats Eintracht Frankfurt 7-
vas, i.e., Maharashtra Day (also celebrated as
3 at Hampden Park, Glasgow and wins the 195960
'Kaamgaar Divas, i.e., Workers Day).
European Cup (football).
May 3 May 20 In Japan, police carry away socialist mem-
bers of the Diet of Japan. The Diet next approves a
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
mutual security treaty with the United States.
is established.
The Fantasticks, the worlds longest-running May 22 The Great Chilean earthquake: Chile's
musical, opens at New York Citys Sullivan subduction fault ruptures from Talcahuano to Taitao
Street Playhouse, where it will play for 42 Peninsula, causing the most powerful earthquake on
years. record (with a magnitude of 9.5) and a tsunami. Be-
cause of its power, the seismographs in the city of
May 4 Valdivia are overloaded and malfunction through the
entire earthquake.
West German refugee minister Theodor Ober-
lnder is red because of his past with Nazi May 23 Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-
Germany. Gurion announces that Nazi war criminal Adolf
Eichmann has been captured.
A. J. Liebling promulgates Lieblings Law in
The New Yorker magazine: Freedom of the May 27 In Turkey, a bloodless military coup d'tat
press is guaranteed only to those who own removes President Cell Bayar and installs General
one. Cemal Grsel as the head of state.
1.7 July 5

May 30 Cemal Grsel forms the new government The Belgian Congo receives its independence
of Turkey (its 24th government, composed mostly from Belgium as the Republic of the Congo
of so-called technocrats). (Lopoldville). A civil war follows closely on
the heels of this.
Public demonstrations by democratic and left
1.6 June forces, against Italian government support of
the post-fascist Italian Social Movement, are
Main article: June 1960
heavily suppressed by police.

June 1 New Zealands rst television station begins 1.7 July

broadcasting in the city of Auckland.
Main article: July 1960
June 5 The Lake Bodom murders occur in Finland.

June 7 U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy wins the

California Democratic primary. July 1

June 9 Typhoon Mary kills 1,600 people in China. Ghana becomes a republic and Kwame
Nkrumah becomes its rst President.
June 10 Dominos Pizza is founded. Cold War: A Soviet Air Force MiG-19 ghter
plane ying north of Murmansk, Russia, over
June 15
the Barents Sea shoots down a six-man RB-47
Violent demonstrations at Tokyo University Stratojet reconnaissance plane of the U.S. Air
result in 182 arrests, 589 injuries. Force. Four of the U.S. Air Force ocers are
killed, and the two survivors are held prisoner
The BC Ferries company, later to become in the Soviet Union.
the second-largest ferry operator in the world,
commences service between Tsawwassen and The Trust Territory of Somaliland (the for-
Swartz Bay, British Columbia, Canada. mer Italian Somaliland) gains its independence
from Italy. Concurrently, it unites as sched-
June 19 The Associated Broadcasting Company uled with the ve-day-old State of Somaliland
(now TV5) is founded in the Philippines. (the former British Somaliland) to form the
Somali Republic.
June 20 The short-lived Mali Federation, consist-
ing of the Sudanese Republic (now the Republic of July 4 Following the admission of the State of
Mali) and Senegal, gains independence from France. Hawaii as the 50th state in August 1959, the new 50-
star Flag of the United States is rst ocially own
June 23 Japanese prime minister Nobusuke Kishi over Philadelphia.
announces his resignation.
July 10 The Soviet Union national football team
June 24 Joseph Kasa-Vubu is elected as the rst defeats the Yugoslavian national football team 21
President of the independent Congo. in Paris to win the rst European Soccer Champi-
onship.
June 26
July 11
The State of Somaliland (the former British
Somaliland protectorate) receives its indepen- Congo Crisis: Moise Tshombe declares the
dence from the United Kingdom. Five days Congolese province of Katanga independent.
later, it unites as scheduled with the Trust Ter- He requests and receives help from Belgium.
ritory of Somalia (the former Italian Soma- Harper Lee publishes her novel To Kill a Mock-
liland) to form the Somali Republic. ingbird, which later wins the Pulitzer Prize for
The Malagasy Republic, now Madagascar, be- the best American novel of 1960.
comes independent from France.
July 12 Chin Peng is exiled from Malaysia to
June 28 Thailand and the Malayan state of emergency is
lifted.
King Bhumibol Adulyadej arrives in Washing-
ton, D.C. for a 4-day royal visit to the U.S. July 13 U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy is nomi-
nated for President of the United States at the 1960
June 30 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles.
6 1 EVENTS

July 14 The United Nations Security Council de- August 3 Niger becomes independent from
cides to send troops to Katanga to oversee the with- France.
drawal of Belgian troops.
August 5 Upper Volta, now known as Burkina
July 20 Ceylon elects Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike Faso, becomes independent from France.
as its Prime Minister, the worlds rst elected female
August 6
head of government. She takes oce the following
day. Cuban Revolution: In response to a United
States embargo against Cuba, Fidel Castro
July 21 Francis Chichester, English navigator and
nationalizes all American and foreign-owned
yachtsman, arrives at New York City aboard his
property in Cuba.
yacht, Gypsy Moth II, crossing the Atlantic Ocean
solo in a new record of just forty days. In the Republic of the Congo (Lopoldville),
now the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
July 25 The Woolworth Company's lunch counter Albert Kalonji declares the independence of
in Greensboro, North Carolina, the location of a the Autonomous State of South Kasai".
sit-in that had sparked demonstrations by Negroes
across the Southern United States, serves a meal to August 7 The Ivory Coast becomes independent
its rst black customer. from France.

July 25July 28 In Chicago, the 1960 Republi- August 7 The worlds rst standard gauge passen-
can National Convention nominates Vice President ger preserved railway, The Bluebell Railway, opens
Richard Nixon as its candidate for President of the to the public.
United States, and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., as its can- August 11 Chad becomes independent from
didate to become the new Vice-President. France.
August 13 Ubangi-Shari becomes independent
1.8 August from France, as the "Central African Republic".
It later becomes the "Central African Empire" for
some years.
August 15 Middle Congo becomes indepen-
dent from France, as Republic of Congo (Congo-
Brazzaville).
August 16
Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon
over New Mexico at an altitude of about
102,800 feet (31,333 meters). Kittinger sets
world records for: high-altitude jump; free-fall
by falling 16.0 miles (25.7 kilometers) before
opening his parachute; and the fastest speed at-
tained by a human being without mechanical
or chemical assistance, about 982 k.p.h (614
m.p.h.). (Kittinger survives more or less unin-
jured, and he is still alive in Florida as of 2013.
Felix Baumgartner breaks his record in 2012.)
The Mediterranean island of Cyprus receives
its independence from the United Kingdom.
August 17
The newly named Beatles begin a 48-night res-
1960 Summer Olympics idency at the Indra club in Hamburg, West
Germany.
Main article: August 1960 Gabon becomes independent from France.
The trial of the American U-2 pilot Francis
Gary Powers begins in Moscow.
August 1 Dahomey, now known as Benin, be-
comes independent from France. August 19
1.10 October 7

Cold War: In Moscow, American U-2 pilot September 8 In Huntsville, Alabama, U.S. Presi-
Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to 10 years dent Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the
in prison for espionage. Marshall Space Flight Center (which had been acti-
Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches vated by NASA on July 1).
the satellite Sputnik 5, with the dogs Belka and September 14
Strelka (the Russian for Squirrel and Little
Arrow), 40 mice, two rats and a variety of Colonel Joseph Mobutu takes power in
plants. This satellite returns to earth the next Republic of the Congo via a military coup.
day and all animals are recovered safely. The countries of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
August 20 Senegal breaks away from the Mali Fed- Arabia, and Venezuela form OPEC.
eration, declaring its independence. September 22 Mali, the sole remaining member
of the Mali Federation following the withdrawal
August 25
of Senegal one month earlier, declares its full inde-
The 1960 Summer Olympic Games begin in pendence as the Republic of Mali.
Rome.
September 26 The leading candidates for
The American nuclear submarine USS Sead- President of the United States, Richard Nixon and
ragon surfaces through the Arctic ice cap at the John F. Kennedy, make the rst televised debate.
North Pole, the rst submarine ever to do so.
September 30 The television animated sitcom, The
August 29 Hurricane Donna kills 50 people in Flintstones premieres on ABC.
Florida and New England.

1.10 October
1.9 September
Main article: October 1960
Main article: September 1960

October 1
September 1
Nigeria becomes independent from United
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah, Sultan of Kingdom, and Nnamdi Azikiwe becomes its
Selangor and 2nd Yang di-Pertuan Agong of rst native-born Governor General.
Malaysia, dies in oce. He is replaced by Cameroon declares independence from United
Tuanku Syed Putra, Raja of Perlis. Kingdom.
Disgruntled railroad workers eectively halt
October 3 Jnio Quadros is elected President of
operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad,
Brazil for a ve-year term.
marking the rst shutdown in the companys
history (the event lasts two days). October 5 White South Africans vote to make the
country a republic.
September 2 The rst elections of the Parliament
of the Central Tibetan Administration are held. The October 7 Nigeria becomes the 99th member of
Tibetan community observes this date as Democ- the United Nations.
racy Day.
October 12
September 5
Cold War: Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev
1960 Summer Olympic Games: Muhammad pounds his shoe on a table at a meeting of the
Ali (then Cassius Clay) wins the gold medal in United Nations General Assembly, his way of
light-heavyweight boxing. protesting the discussion of the Soviet Union's
The Congolese president, Joseph Kasa-Vubu, policies toward Eastern Europe.
res Patrice Lumumba's entire government, Inejiro Asanuma, chairman of the Japan So-
and also places Lumumba under house arrest. cialist Party, is assassinated by Otoya Yam-
aguchi using a wakizashi (samurai sword) dur-
September 6 William Hamilton Martin and ing a political debate in Tokyo being taped for
Bernon F. Mitchell, two American cryptologists, an- broadcast on Japanese television.
nounce their defection to the Soviet Union at a press
conference in Moscow. October 13
8 1 EVENTS

The third John F. Kennedy Richard M.

Nixon Presidential Debate takes place.[3]
The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the New York
Yankees in the seventh game of the World Se-
ries on Bill Mazeroski's series-clinching home
run.

October 14

Presidential candidate John F. Kennedy rst

suggests the idea for the Peace Corps of the
United States.
The Premier of New South Wales ocially
opens Warragamba Dam,[4] one of the worlds
largest domestic water supply dams.

October 24 Nedelin catastrophe: A large rocket

explodes on the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmod-
rome, killing at least 90 people of the Soviet space
program.

October 26 Robert F. Kennedy telephones Coretta

Scott King, the wife of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
and secures Kings release from jail regarding a traf- November 15: Polaris missile test
c violation in Atlanta.

October 29 In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius Clay A collision between two trains in Pardubice,
(later Muhammad Ali) wins his rst professional Czechoslovakia, kills 117 people.
boxing match.
November 15 A Polaris missile is test-launched
October 30 Dr. Michael Woodru carries out the from Cape Canaveral, Florida
rst successful kidney transplant in the United King-
dom, at the Edinburgh Royal Inrmary. November 22 The United Nations supports
the government of Joseph Kasavubu and Joseph
Mobutu in the Republic of the Congo.
1.11 November
November 24 The professional basketball player
Main article: November 1960 Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia 76ers gets 55
rebounds in an NBA game versus the Boston Celtics.

November 28 Mauritania becomes independent of

November 2 Penguin Books is found not guilty
France.
of obscenity, in the case of D. H. Lawrence's novel
Lady Chatterleys Lover.

November 8 United States presidential election, 1.12 December

1960: In a close race, Democratic U. S. Senator
John F. Kennedy is elected over Republican U. S. Main article: December 1960
Vice President Richard Nixon, to become (at 43)
the second youngest man to serve as President of
the United States, and the youngest man elected to December
this position.
The African and Malagasy Organisation for
November 13 Sammy Davis Jr., marries Swedish Economic Cooperation (OAMCE) (Organi-
actress May Britt. sation Africain et Malagache de Coopration
conomique) is established.
November 14
dith Piaf's recording of "Non, je ne regrette
Belgium threatens to leave the United Na- rien" is released in France.
tions over criticism of its policy concerning the
Republic of the Congo. December 1
1.12 December 9

Patrice Lumumba, deposed premier of the The classic British TV series Coronation Street
Republic of the Congo, is arrested by the premieres. Planned as a 13-part drama, it be-
troops of Colonel Joseph Mobutu. comes such a success among viewers it contin-
ues to be shown ve times per week through
A Soviet satellite containing live animals and
2012.
plants is launched into orbit. Due to a mal-
function it burns up during re-entry. December 11 MGMs The Wizard of Oz is re-
run on CBS only a year after its previous telecast,
December 2
thus beginning the tradition of annual telecasts of
the lm.
The Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Rev.
Georey Francis Fisher, talks with Pope John December 12 The Supreme Court of the United
XXIII for about one hour in Vatican City. This States upholds a lower Federal Court ruling that
is the rst time that any chief of the Anglican the State of Louisiana's racial segregation laws are
Church had ever visited the Pope. unconstitutional, and overturns them.
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower autho-
rizes the use of $1.0 million for the relief and December 13
resettlement of Cuban refugees, who had been
1960 Ethiopian coup attempt: While Emperor
arriving in Florida at the rate of about 1,000
Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Brazil, his
per week.
Kebur Zabagna (Imperial Bodyguard) leads
a military coup against his rule, proclaiming
December 4 The admission of Mauritania to the
that the emperors son, Crown Prince Asfaw
United Nations is vetoed by the Soviet Union.
Wossen Taari, is the new emperor.
December 5 The countries of El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Nicaragua announce the for-
Pierre Lagaillarde, who led the insurrections mation of the Central American Common
in 1958 and 1960 in Algeria, fails to appear Market.
in court in Paris, France. He had reportedly
The U.S. Navys Commander Leroy Heath
ed with his four fellow defendants to Spain
(pilot) and Lieutenant Larry Monroe (bom-
en route to Algeria.
bardier/navigator) establish a world ight-
Boynton v. Virginia: The Supreme Court of altitude record of 91,450 feet (27,874 m), with
the United States declares that segregation in payload, in an A-5 Vigilante bomber carrying
public transportation is illegal in the United 2,200 lb (1,000 kg), and better the previous
States. world record by over four miles (6 km).

December 7 The United Nations Security Council December 14

is called into session by the Soviet Union in order
to consider Soviet demands for the Security Council Antoine Gizenga proclaims in the Democratic
to seek the immediate release of former Congolese Republic of the Congo that he has taken over
Premier Patrice Lumumba. as the countrys premier.
First tied Test by the West Indian cricket team
December 8 For the rst time, Mary Martin's Peter in Australia in Brisbane.
Pan is presented as a stand-alone two-hour special
on NBC instead of as part of an anthology series. December 15
This version, rather than being presented live, is
shown on videotape, enabling NBC to repeat it as King Mahendra of Nepal deposes the demo-
often as they wish without having to restage it. Al- cratic government in his country and takes di-
though nearly all of the adult actors repeat their orig- rect control himself.
inal Broadway roles, all of the original children have, King Baudouin of Belgium marries Doa
ironically, outgrown their roles and are replaced by Fabiola de Mora y Aragn.
new actors.
December 16
December 9
Secretary of State Christian Herter announces
French President Charles de Gaulle's visit to that the United States will commit ve nuclear
Algeria is bloodied by European and Muslim submarines and eighty Polaris missiles to the
rioters in Algerias largest cities. These riots defense of the NATO countries by the end of
cause 127 deaths. 1963.
10 2 BIRTHS

New York mid-air collision: A United Air-

lines DC-8 collides in mid-air with a TWA
Lockheed Constellation over Staten Island in
New York City. All 128 passengers and
crewmembers on the two airliners, and six
people on the ground, are killed.

December 17 Troops loyal to Emperor Haile Se-

lassie in Ethiopia overcome the coup that began on
December 13, returning the reins to the Emperor
upon his return from a trip to Brazil. The Emperor
absolves his own son of any guilt.

December 19 Fire sweeps through the USS Con-

stellation, to become the U.S. Navys largest aircraft
carrier, while she is under construction at the
Brooklyn Navy Yard; killing 50 workers and injur-
ing 150.

December 27 France sets o its third A-bomb test

at its nuclear weapons testing range near Reggane,
Algeria.

December 31 Last day on which the farthing, a Nigella Lawson

coin rst minted in England in the 13th century, is
legal tender in the United Kingdom.

1.13 Date unknown

The American Football League is established as a
rival league to the NFL.

1.14 World population

World population: 3,021,475

Africa: 277,398,000
Asia: 1,701,336,000
Europe: 604,401,000
Latin America: 218,300,000
North America: 204,152,000
Oceania: 15,888,000

2 Births Mohammad Javad Zarif

2.1 January April Winchell, American writer and voice ac-

tress
January 2 Naoki Urasawa, Japanese manga author
January 6
and artist
Kari Jalonen, Finnish ice hockey player
January 4
Howie Long, American football player
Art Paul Schlosser, American come- Nigella Lawson, English journalist, broad-
dian,singer and songwriter caster, television personality, gourmet, and
Michael Stipe, American rock singer (R.E.M.) food writer
2.2 February 11

January 23 Patrick de Gayardon, French skydiver

and skysurng pioneer (d. 1998)
January 24
Rick Leventhal, American news journalist
Mria Bajzek Lukcs, Hungarian Slovene
writer, adjunct of the University ELTE
January 26 Charlie Gillingham, American key-
boardist
January 28 Robert von Dassanowsky, American
cultural historian, writer and producer
January 29
Gia Carangi, American model (d. 1986)
Sean Kerly, British eld hockey player
Greg Louganis, American diver
January 30 Alex Titomirov, Russian-American
businessman

2.2 February

Oliver Platt

Miriam O'Callaghan, Irish media personality

January 7 Mohammad Javad Zarif, Iranian politi-
cian, diplomat
January 10
Negro Casas, Mexican professional wrestler
Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland
Samira Said, Moroccan singer
January 12
Oliver Platt, Canadian actor
Dominique Wilkins, American basketball
player
January 13 Kevin Anderson, American actor
January 18 Mark Rylance, English actor, theatre
director and playwright
January 20 Will Wright, American computer
game designer Benigno Aquino III

January 21
February 2 Jari Porttila, Finnish sports journalist
Toxey Haas, American entrepreneur, founder
of Haas Outdoors, Inc. February 3
Mamoru Nagano, Japanese designer Marty Jannetty, American professional
January 22 Michael Hutchence, Australian rock wrestler
musician (INXS) (d. 1997) Joachim Lw, German football manager
12 2 BIRTHS

Yasunori Matsumoto, Japanese voice actor

Robert Smigel, American actor, comedian,
and puppeteer
James Spader, American actor
February 8
Benigno Aquino III, 15th President of the
Philippines
Alfred Gusenbauer, Chancellor of Austria
February 9 Frederik Ndoci, Albanian singer, song-
writer, poet, writer, actor and international Record-
ing artist
February 13
Pierluigi Collina, Italian football (soccer) ref-
eree
Gary Patterson, American football coach
February 14 Jim Kelly, American football player
February 16 Cherie Chung, Hong Kong actress
February 18

Prince Andrew, Duke of York Gazebo, Italian musician

Tony Anselmo, American animator and voice
actor
February 19 Prince Andrew, Duke of York,
British prince and second son of Elizabeth II and
The Duke of Edinburgh
February 20
Wendee Lee, American voice actress
Kee Marcello, Swedish rock guitarist (Easy
Action, Europe)
February 21
Henry G. Brinton, American writer and min-
ister
Laurent Petitguillaume, French radio and tele-
vision host
February 23 Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
February 27
Andrs Gmez, Ecuadorian tennis player
Kara Kennedy, American television producer,
daughter of Ted Kennedy (d. 2011)
February 28
Naruhito
Tru kawa, Japanese voice actor
Dorothy Stratten, Canadian model and actress
Kerry Von Erich, American professional (d. 1980)
wrestler (d. 1993)
February 29 Richard Ramirez, American serial
February 7 killer (d. 2013)
2.3 March 13

2.3 March Mikko Kuustonen, Finnish singer and song-

writer
John Mugabi, Ugandan boxer and World Ju-
nior Middleweight champion
March 7
Joe Carter, American baseball player
Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player
March 8
Finn Carter, American actress
Jerey Eugenides, American author
March 10 Anne MacKenzie, Scottish broadcaster
March 12 Minoru Niihara, Japanese singer
(Loudness)
March 13
Adam Clayton, Irish rock bassist (U2)
Joe Ranft, American animator (d. 2005)
March 14 Kirby Puckett, American baseball
player (d. 2006)
March 16 Jenny Eclair, British comedian, actress
and novelist
March 18 Richard Biggs, American actor (d.
2004)
Adam Clayton March 19 Simo Aalto, Finnish magician
March 20
Roxanne Kernohan, Canadian actress (d.
1993)
Norm Magnusson, American artist
March 21
Ayrton Senna, Brazilian Formula One triple
world champion (d. 1994)
Robert Sweet, American rock drummer
(Stryper)
March 23 Nicol Stephen, Scottish politician
March 24
Kelly Le Brock, American model and actress
Annabella Sciorra, Italian-American actress
Jan Berglin, Swedish cartoonist
Ayrton Senna Nena, German singer
March 26 Marcus Allen, American football player
March 2 March 27
Hector Calma, Filipino basketball player Hans Pgler, German footballer
Debra McMichael, American professional Renato Russo, Brazilian singer (Legio Ur-
wrestling valet bana) (d. 1996)
March 4 March 29 Hiromi Tsuru, Japanese voice actress
14 2 BIRTHS

2.4 April

Philippe of Belgium

Hugo Weaving

Valerie Bertinelli

April 2 Linford Christie, British athlete

April 3 Elizabeth Gracen, American beauty queen,

actress and model

April 4 Hugo Weaving, Nigerian-born Australian

actor
Brad Garrett

April 10 Fabio Golfetti, Brazilian musician and

April 1 Michael Praed, British actor record producer (Violeta de Outono, Gong)
2.4 April 15

April 11 Jeremy Clarkson, English journalist and

television show host
April 13 Rudi Vller, German footballer and man-
ager
April 14 Brad Garrett, American actor, comedian
and voice actor
April 14 Myoma Myint Kywe, Burmese Writer
and Historian
April 15
Susanne Bier, Danish lm director
King Philippe of Belgium
April 16
Wahab Akbar, Filipino politician (d. 2007)
Rafael Bentez, Spanish football manager
Pierre Littbarski, German footballer and
coach
April 18
Neo Rauch, German painter
J. Christopher Stevens, American diplomat,
U.S. Ambassador to Libya (d. 2012)

Michael Lohan April 19 Frank Viola, American baseball player

April 20 John Altenburgh, American blues and
jazz musician
April 22 Tatiana Thumbtzen, American actress,
model and dancer
April 23
Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
Steve Clark, English guitarist (Def Leppard)
(d. 1991)
David Gedge, English musician (The Wedding
Present and Cinerama)
Lo Jaime, Brazilian writer, actor and musi-
cian (Joo Penca e Seus Miquinhos Amestra-
dos)
Claude Julien, Canadian ice hockey coach
Craig Sheer, American actor
April 25 Michael Lohan, American television per-
sonality; father of Lindsay Lohan
April 28
Steven Blum, American voice actor
John Cerutti, American baseball player and
announcer (d. 2004)
Steve Blum
Elena Kagan, Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States
Ian Rankin, Scottish crime novelist
16 2 BIRTHS

2.5 May

Bono

Ronan Tynan, Irish tenor

Gjorge Ivanov Dr. Death Steve Williams, American pro-
fessional wrestler (d. 2009)

May 2 May 15 Julian Jarrold, English lm and television

director and producer
Gjorge Ivanov, President of Macedonia
Stephen Daldry, English lm director May 16 Landon Deireragea, Nauruan politician

May 3 Amy Steel, American lm actress May 17 John Payne, British voice actor

May 4 May 18

Andrew Denton, Australian television presen- Jari Kurri, Finnish hockey player
ter and comedian Yannick Noah, French tennis player
Werner Faymann, Chancellor of Austria
May 19 Yazz, British pop singer
May 6 John Flansburgh, American singer-
May 20
songwriter, half of alternative rock duo They Might
Be Giants John Billingsley, American actor
May 7 Adam Bernstein, American music Tony Goldwyn, American actor, voice actor,
video/television director and lm director

May 8 Eric Brittingham, American rock bassist May 21 Jerey Dahmer, American serial killer (d.
1994)
May 9 Tony Gwynn, American baseball player (d.
2014) May 22 Hideaki Anno, Japanese director

May 10 Bono, Irish rock singer (U2) May 23 Linden Ashby, American actor

May 14 May 24
2.6 June 17

Jerey Dahmer

Andrew Denton

Guy Fletcher, British keyboardist (Dire

Straits)
Kristin Scott Thomas, English actress
May 25 Amy Klobuchar, American politician
May 26 Rob Murphy, American baseball player
May 29
Thomas Baumer, Swiss economist, intercul-
turalist and personality assessor
Neil Crone, Canadian actor
May 31
Greg Adams, Canadian ice hockey player
Chris Elliott, American actor and comedian

2.6 June
June 1 Elena Mukhina, Soviet artistic gymnast (d.
2006) Thomas Haden Church

June 2
Tony Hadley, British pop musician and was Kyle Petty, former NASCAR driver and cur-
lead singer of Spandau Ballet rent sports commentator
18 2 BIRTHS

Maria Lourdes Sereno, Filipina jurist, 24th

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the
Philippines

June 4

Paul Taylor, American musician (Winger)

Bradley Walsh, English actor and comedian

June 6 Steve Vai, American guitarist

June 8

Diane Meredith Belcher, American concert

organist, teacher, and church musician
Mick Hucknall, English rock singer and song-
writer (Simply Red)
Garth Smith, American pianist

June 12 Corynne Charby, French model, actress

and singer

June 14 Peter Mitchell, Australian newsreader

June 16 Peter Sterling, Australian rugby player Jane Lynch

June 17 Thomas Haden Church, American actor

and lm director July 8 Thilo Martinho, German composer and
singer-songwriter
June 21 Kevin Harlan, American sports announcer
July 9 Charles Gavin, Brazilian drummer and pro-
June 22 Erin Brockovich, American environmen- ducer
tal activist
July 13 Ian Hislop, British journalist and broad-
June 28 John Elway, American football player caster
June 30 July 14

Angela Raiola, American television personal- Kyle Gass, American music singer-
ity (d. 2016) songwriter-guitarist/actor
Tony Bellotto, Brazilian guitarist and writer Jane Lynch, American actress
July 15 Kim Alexis, American model and actress
2.7 July July 17

July 1 Kji Ishii, Japanese voice actor Robin Shou, Hong Kong actor
Jan Wouters, Dutch football player and man-
July 3
ager
Vince Clarke, British musician and composer
July 18 Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress
(Depeche Mode, Erasure)
Perrine Pelen, French alpine skier July 19

July 4 Atom Egoyan, Armenian-Canadian lm

maker
Sid Eudy, American professional wrestler Terrie Hall, American anti-smoking and to-
Barry Windham, American professional bacco advocate
wrestler
July 21
July 5 Pruitt Taylor Vince, American actor Ezequiel Viao, Argentine-born composer
July 7 Kevin A. Ford, American astronaut Fritz Walter, German footballer
2.8 August 19

July 28 Harald Lesch, German physicist, as-

tronomer, natural philosopher, author, television
presenter, professor of physics

July 30 Richard Linklater, American director

July 31 Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player

and coach

2.8 August

David Duchovny

Jos Luis Rodrguez Zapatero

August 1 Chuck D, American rapper (Public En-

emy)

August 4

Dean Malenko, American professional

wrestler
Jos Luis Rodrguez Zapatero, Prime Minister
of Spain

August 7 David Duchovny, American actor

August 8 Ulrich Maly, German politician and

Mayor of Nuremberg

August 10

Antonio Banderas, Spanish actor and lm di- Antonio Banderas

rector
Kenny Perry, American golfer Koji Kondo, Japanese composer
August 12 Laurent Fignon, French road bicycle Phil Taylor, English darts player
racer (d. 2010)
August 14 Sarah Brightman, English soprano
August 13 singer and actress
20 2 BIRTHS

Sean Penn

August 15 Judy Holt, British television actress

Hugh Grant
August 16

Timothy Hutton, American actor

Martha Moxley, American murder victim (d.
1975)

August 17 Sean Penn, American actor and lm

director

August 19 Morten Andersen, American football

player

August 23 Chris Potter, Canadian actor and musi-

cian

August 24 Cal Ripken Jr., American baseball

player

August 26

Branford Marsalis, African-American musi-

cian
Ola Ray, American actress and model

August 29 Viire Valdma, Estonian actress

August 30 Chalino Snchez, Mexican musician (d.

1992)
Colin Firth
2.9 September
September 1 Joseph Williams, American singer September 2 John S. Hall, American poet and
and lm score composer spoken-word artist
2.10 October 21

September 16

John Franco, American baseball player

Yianna Katsoulos, French singer

September 17 Kevin Clash, American actor and

puppeteer

September 19 Yolanda Saldvar, American mur-

derer of tejano singer Selena

September 21 David James Elliott, Canadian actor

September 22 Scott Baio, American actor

September 28 Jennifer Rush, American singer

September 29 Alan McGee, British music industry

mogul and musician

September 30 Blanche Lincoln, American politi-

cian

2.10 October

Melissa Leo

September 4

Kim Thayil, American rock guitarist

(Soundgarden)
Damon Wayans, African-American actor and
comedian

September 5 Karita Mattila, Finnish soprano

September 7 Phillip Rhee, American actor, pro-

ducer and writer

September 9

Mario Batali, American chef and host

Hugh Grant, English actor and activist
Bob Stoops, American football coach

September 10 Colin Firth, English actor

September 11 Annie Goseld, American com-

poser

September 12 Evan Jenkins, American politician Jean-Claude Van Damme

September 13 Kevin Carter, South African photo-

journalist (d. 1994) October 4
September 14 Ana Patricia Botn, Spanish banker

Melissa Leo, American actress Billy Hatcher, American baseball player

Callum Keith Rennie, Canadian actor October 5

22 2 BIRTHS

October 28 Landon Curt Noll, American as-

tronomer, cryptographer, and mathematician

October 29

Finola Hughes, British actress

Dieter Nuhr, German comedian

October 30 Diego Maradona, Argentine footballer

October 31 Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran

2.11 November

Diego Maradona

Daniel Baldwin, American actor

Antnio de Oliveira Filho, Brazilian footballer
October 6 Richard Jobson, Scottish rock singer-
songwriter, lmmaker, and television presenter
(Skids)
October 7 Kyosuke Himuro, Japanese singer
October 9 Maddie Blaustein, American voice ac-
tress (d. 2008)
October 12 Alexei Kudrin, Russian Minister of
Finance
October 13 Joey Belladonna, American heavy
metal singer (Anthrax)
Tim Cook
October 17 Guy Henry, English actor
October 18
November 1 Tim Cook, American businessman
Alex Ferrer, Cuban-American television per- and current CEO of Apple, Inc
sonality, lawyer, and retired judge who
presided as the arbiter on Judge Alex November 3
Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgian actor Francis Beckwith, American philosopher
October 19 Karch Kiraly, American volleyball player

Kerry Sanders, American news correspondent November 4 Frl. Menke, German pop singer
Jeremy Swift, English television actor
November 5 Tilda Swinton, British actress
October 24
November 9
Jaime Garzn, Colombian journalist and co-
median (d. 1999) Andreas Brehme, German football player and
manager
BD Wong, American actor
Jolle Ursull, Guadeloupean singer
October 26 Jouke de Vries, DutchFrisian politi-
cian November 10 Neil Gaiman, English author
2.11 November 23

Tilda Swinton Stanley Tucci

November 11 Stanley Tucci, American actor and

lm director
November 15 Susanne Lothar, German actress (d.
2012)
November 17 Jonathan Ross, English television
presenter
November 18 Kim Wilde, English singer and gar-
dener
November 19
Miss Elizabeth, American professional
wrestling valet (d. 2003)
Hiroshi Naka, Japanese voice actor
Matt Sorum, American drummer
November 20 Marc Labrche, Canadian actor and
television host
November 24 Amanda Wyss, American actress
Jonathan Ross
November 25
Amy Grant, American Christian and pop mu- Kasey Smith, American keyboardist (Danger
sician Danger)
John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer, jour-
nalist and son of 35th President John F. November 26 Harold Reynolds, American base-
Kennedy (d. 1999) ball player and broadcaster
24 2 BIRTHS

Eike Immel, German football player and man-

ager
Tim Pawlenty, American politician
Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of
Ukraine
November 30
Rich Fields, American television personality
Gary Lineker, English footballer and sports
presenter

2.12 December

John F. Kennedy Jr.

Daryl Hannah

December 1 Carol Alt, American model and ac-

tress
December 2
Rick Savage, British rock musician (Def Lep-
pard)
Sydney Youngblood, American singer
December 3
Daryl Hannah, American actress
Julianne Moore, American actress
December 4 Glynis Nunn, Australian athlete
Yulia Tymoshenko
December 5
Brian Bromberg, American jazz bassist and
November 27 composer
2.12 December 25

Kenneth Branagh

Michael Schoeing, American actor and

Julianne Moore model
December 12
Volker Beck, German politician
December 17 Tarako, Japanese voice actress
December 18 Kazuhide Uekusa, Japanese
economist
December 19
Jon St. John, American Actor
Mike Lookinland, former American actor
December 22 Mark Brydon, British musician
(Moloko)
Je Swampy Marsh December 24
Charles Ng Chinese-American serial killer
Jack Russell, American rock singer (Great Carol Vorderman, British television presenter
White)
December 27
December 9
Maryam d'Abo, British actress
Steve Doll, American professional wrestler (d. Fred Hammond, African-American gospel
2009) musician
Je Swampy Marsh, American television di-
December 28
rector, writer, producer, storyboard artist, and
actor Ray Bourque, Canadian ice hockey player
John Fitzgerald, Australian tennis player
December 10
December 29 Dave Pelzer, American author
Kenneth Branagh, Northern Irish actor and di-
rector December 31
26 3 DEATHS

Steve Bruce, English footballer

John Allen Muhammad, African-American
spree killer (d. 2009)

2.13 Date unknown

Randi Altschul, American toy inventor

3 Deaths

3.1 January

Beno Gutenberg

January 10 Arthur S. Carpender, American admi-

ral (b. 1884)
January 12 Nevil Shute, English writer (b. 1899)
January 17 Andrew Kennaway Henderson, New
Zealand illustrator, cartoonist, and pacist (b. 1879)
January 19 Dadasaheb Torne, Indian lmmaker
(b. 1890)
January 24
Albert Camus
Matt Moore, Irish-American actor (b. 1888)
January 1 Margaret Sullavan, American actress (b. Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (b.
1909) 1886)
John Miljan, American actor (b. 1892)
January 3 Victor Sjstrm, Swedish actor (b.
1879) January 25

January 4 Diana Barrymore, American stage and lm ac-

tress (b. 1921)
Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize Rutland Boughton, English composer (b.
winner (b. 1913) 1878)
Dudley Nichols, American screenwriter (b. Beno Gutenberg, German-American seismol-
1895) ogist (b. 1889)
January 5 Donald Knight, English cricketer (b. January 27 Osvaldo Aranha, Brazilian politician
1894) (b. 1894)
January 7 Dorothea Chambers, English tennis January 28 Zora Neale Hurston, American folk-
champion (b. 1878) lorist and author (b. 1891)
January 9 Elsie J. Oxenham, British childrens January 30 J. C. Kumarappa, Indian economist (b.
novelist (b. 1880) 1892)
3.3 March 27

3.2 February Adone Zoli, Italian politician, 35th Prime

Minister of Italy (b. 1887)

February 29

Jacques Becker, French director (b. 1906)

Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten
of Burma (b. 1901), last Vicereine of India
Melvin Purvis, American lawman (b. 1903)
Walter Yust, American encyclopedia editor (b.
1894)

3.3 March

Adone Zoli

February 2 Swami Bharati Krishna Tirtha, Hindu

teacher (b. 1884)
February 3 Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and
actor (b. 1921)
February 6 Jesse Belvin, American R&B singer (b.
1932)
February 7 Igor Kurchatov, Soviet physicist (b.
1903)
February 8
J. L. Austin, British philosopher (b. 1911)
Giles Gilbert Scott, British architect (b. 1880)
February 10 Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian Catholic
prelate (b. 1898)
February 11 Ern Dohnnyi, Hungarian conductor
(b. 1877)
Oliver Kirk
February 12 Jean-Michel Atlan, French painter (b.
1913)
February 14 Masatomi Kimura, Japanese admiral March 2 Stanisaw Taczak, Polish general (b.
(b. 1891) 1874)

February 20 March 4 Leonard Warren, American opera singer

(b. 1911)
Leonard Woolley, English archaeologist (b.
1880) March 9 Jack Beattie, Irish politician (b. 1886)
28 3 DEATHS

March 11 Roy Chapman Andrews, American ex-

plorer, adventurer and naturalist (b. 1884)

March 13 Yosef Zvi HaLevy, Israeli rabbi and

judge (b. 1874)

March 14 Oliver Kirk, American Olympic boxer

(b. 1884)

March 23 Franklin Pierce Adams, American jour-

nalist (b. 1881)

March 26 Ian Keith, American actor (b. 1899)

March 27

Mario Talavera, Mexican songwriter (b.

1885)
Gregorio Maran, Spanish physician, scien-
tist, historian and philosopher. (b. 1887)

3.4 April

Gustaf Lindblom

Alma Kruger, American actress (b. 1868)

April 10 Arthur Benjamin, Australian composer

(b. 1893)

April 17 Eddie Cochran, American rock singer (b.

1938)

April 19 Beardsley Ruml, American economist

and tax plan author (b. 1894)

April 24

Hope Emerson, American actress and strong-

woman (b. 1897)
Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize
laureate (b. 1879)
George Relph, English actor (b. 1888)

April 25

Amnullh Khn, former Afghan Emir and

Max von Laue King (b. 1892)
Turan Emeksiz, Turkish student killed during
April 1 Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum the demonstrations (b. 1940)
Tuanku Muhammad, King of Malaysia (b. 1895)
April 26 Gustaf Lindblom, Swedish Olympic ath-
April 5 lete (b. 1891)
Cuthbert Burnup, English sportsman (b.
1875) 3.5 May
Peter Llewelyn Davies, namesake for Peter
Pan (b. 1897) May 1 Charles Holden, British architect (b. 1875)
3.5 May 29

John D. Rockefeller Jr.

James Montgomery Flagg

Georges Claude

May 2 Caryl Chessman, American criminal (b.

1921)
May 3 Masa Niemi, Finnish actor (b. 1914)
May 8
Boris Pasternak
Hersch Lauterpacht, British international
lawyer (b. 1897)
J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (b. May 12 Prince Aly Khan, Pakistani United Na-
1904) tions ambassador (b. 1911)

May 11 John D. Rockefeller Jr., American philan- May 14 Lucrezia Bori, Spanish opera singer (b.
thropist (b. 1874) 1887)
30 3 DEATHS

May 22 brahim all, Turkish painter (b. 1882)

May 23 Georges Claude, French inventor (b.
1870)
May 24 Avraham Arnon, Israeli educator and a
recipient of the Israel Prize (b. 1887)
May 27
Edward Brophy, American actor (b. 1895)
James Montgomery Flagg, American artist
and illustrator (b. 1877)
George Zucco, English actor (b. 1886)
May 30 Boris Pasternak, Russian writer, Nobel
Prize laureate (declined) (b. 1890)
May 31 Walther Funk, German Nazi politician (b.
1890)

3.6 June
June 4
Jzef Haller de Hallenburg, Polish general (b.
1873)
Lucien Littleeld, American actor (b. 1895)
June 13 Ken McArthur, South African athlete (b.
1881)
June 14 Ana Pauker, Romanian communist politi-
cian (b. 1893)
June 17 Arthur Rosson, English lm director (b.
1886)
June 18 Shalva Aleksi-Meskhishvili, Georgian
politician (b. 1884)
June 19 Chris Bristow, English race car driver (b. Ken McArthur
1937)
June 20 3.7 July
William E. Fairbairn, English soldier, police
July 6 Aneurin Bevan, British politician (b. 1897)
ocer, and hand-to-hand combat expert (b.
1885) July 14 Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie, French physi-
John B. Kelly Sr., American rower, father of cist (b. 1875)
Grace Kelly (b. 1889)
July 15
June 25
Anton Giulio Bragaglia, Italian cinematogra-
Walter Baade, German astronomer (b. 1893) pher (b. 1890)
Otto Ender, 9th Chancellor of Austria (b. Set Persson, Swedish politician (b. 1897)
1875)
Lawrence Tibbett, American opera singer and
Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player actor (b. 1896)
(b. 1869)
July 16
June 27 Lottie Dod, English tennis player; Wim-
bledon womens champion, 188788, 1891-93 (b. Albert Kesselring, German eld marshal (b.
1871) 1885)
3.8 August 31

Arthur Meighen
Hasan Saka

Frank Lloyd, American lm director (b.

John P. Marquand, American novelist (b. 1886)
1893)
Oswald Veblen, American mathematician, ge-
July 22 Buddy Adler, American lm producer (b. ometer and topologist (b. 1880)
1909)
August 14 Fred Clarke, American baseball player
July 24 Hans Albers, German actor and singer (b. (Pittsburgh Pirates) and a member of the MLB Hall
1891) of Fame (b. 1872)

July 26 Cedric Gibbons, Irish-American art direc- August 17 Charles W. Ryder, American general
tor (b. 1893) (b. 1892)

July 28 Enrique Amorim, Uruguayan novelist (b. August 22

1900) Eduard Ptsep, Estonian wrestler (b. 1898)
July 29 Hasan Saka, former Prime Minister of Johannes Sikkar, Estonian politician (b. 1897)
Turkey (b. 1885)
August 23
Jersey Flegg, English-Australian rugby league
3.8 August player and chairman (b. 1878)
Oscar Hammerstein II, American librettist (b.
August 5 Arthur Meighen, 9th Prime Minister of
1895)
Canada (b. 1874)
Bruno Loerzer, German aviator and air force
August 7 general (b. 1891)

Walden L. Pug Ainsworth, American admi- August 27 Stanley Cliord Weyman, American
ral (b. 1886) impostor (b. 1890)
Luis ngel Firpo, Argentine boxer (b. 1894) August 28 Charles Forbes, British Admiral (b.
1880)
August 9 Richard Cramer, American actor (b.
1889) August 29
August 10 Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (b. 1888)
32 3 DEATHS

David Diop, French West African poet (b. September 24 Mtys Seiber, Hungarian com-
1927) poser (b. 1905)

September 27 Sylvia Pankhurst, English

3.9 September suragette (b. 1882)

September 30 St John Philby, British Arabist (b.

1885)

3.10 October
October 11 Richard Cromwell, American actor (b.
1910)

October 12 Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese Socialist

politician (assassinated) (b. 1898)

October 15

Henny Porten, German actress (b. 1890)

Clara Kimball Young, American actress (b.
1890)

October 21 Ma Hongbin, Chinese warlord (b.

1884)

October 24 Yevgeny Ostashev, was the test pi-

lot of rocket and space complexes, head of the
1st control polygon NIIP-5 (Baikonur), Lenin prize
Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Su- winner, Candidate of Technical Sciences, engineer-
laiman Shah Lieutenant Colonel.(b. 1924)

October 31 H. L. Davis, American author (b.

September 1 Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Al- 1894)
marhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, King of
Malaysia (b. 1898)
3.11 November
September 4 Alfred E. Green, American lm di-
rector (b. 1889) November 2
September 8 Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek conductor, pi-
Feroze Gandhi, Indian politician (b. 1912) anist, and composer (b. 1896)
Oscar Pettiford, American jazz string player Otoya Yamaguchi ultranationalist who assassi-
(b. 1922) nated Inejiro Asanuma, a politician and head
of the Japan Socialist Party (d. 1960)
September 9 Jussi Bjrling, Swedish tenor (b.
1911) November 3

September 11 Edwin Justus Mayer, American Bobby Wallace, American baseball player (St.
screenwriter (b. 1896) Louis Browns) and a member of the MLB Hall
of Fame (b. 1873)
September 13 Le Weiner, Hungarian composer
(b. 1885) Harold Spencer Jones, English astronomer (b.
1890)
September 20 Ida Rubinstein, Russian ballet
dancer (b. 1885) November 5

September 22 Melanie Klein, Austrian-British Ward Bond, American actor (b. 1903)
psychoanalyst (b. 1882) August Gailit, Estonian writer (b. 1891)
September 23 Kathlyn Williams, American stage Johnny Horton, American country singer (b.
and silent lm actress (b. 1879) 1925)
3.12 December 33

Erich Neumann, German psychologist (b.

1905)
November 6 Erich Raeder, German World War II
naval leader (b. 1876)
November 7 A. P. Carter, American singer and
songwriter (b. 1891)
November 12 Lord Buckley, American
monologist (b. 1906)
November 14 Walter Catlett, American actor (b.
1889)
November 16
Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)
Paul Faure, French Socialist politician (b.
1878)
November 19 Phyllis Haver, American actress (b.
1899)
November 20 Ya'akov Cohen, Israeli poet (b.
1881)
Clark Gable
November 23 Allen Hobbs, 32nd Governor of
American Samoa (b. 1889)
November 24 Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna
of Russia, sister of Tsar Nicholas II (b. 1882)
November 25 Patria (b. 1924), Minerva (b.
1926), and Maria Teresa Mirabal (b. 1935), three
Dominican revolutionaries (and their driver, Runo
de la Cruz)
November 28
Richard Wright, American novelist (b. 1908)
Dirk Jan de Geer, 30th and 33rd Prime Min-
ister of the Netherlands (b. 1870)

3.12 December
December 2 Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot, Ger-
man architect, interior designer and designer (b.
1883)
December 7 Ioannis Demestichas, Greek admiral
(b. 1882)
December 13 John Charles Thomas, American
opera singer (b. 1891)
December 14 Gregory Rato, Russian actor and
director

Dirk Jan de Geer December 20 Sir Godfrey Ince, British civil ser-
vant (b. 1891)
Mack Sennett, Canadian lm producer and di- December 22 Ninian Comper, British architect (b.
rector (b. 1880) 1864)
34 5 REFERENCES

December 26
Giuseppe Bellanca, Italian-American aircraft
designer and company founder (b. 1886)
Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (b.
1889)

3.13 Date unknown

Guillermo Snchez Boix, Spanish cartoonist (b.
1917)

4 Nobel Prizes

Physics Donald Arthur Glaser

Chemistry Willard Libby
Physiology or Medicine Sir Frank Macfarlane
Burnet, Peter Medawar
Literature Saint-John Perse
Peace Albert Lutuli

5 References
[1] Brand Che: Revolutionary as Marketers Dream by
Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times, April 20, 2009

[2] Population

[3] Our Campaigns - Event - Third Kennedy-Nixon Debate

- Oct 13, 1960.

[4] Warragamba Dam.

 35

6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1 Text
1960 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960?oldid=768750822 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Derek Ross, Mav, RobLa, Jeronimo, Andre
Engels, Tsja, Deb, DrBob, Camembert, Olivier, Rbrwr, DennisDaniels, Edward, Jazz77, JohnOwens, Michael Hardy, Llywrch, Skysmith,
Looxix~enwiki, Ahoerstemeier, HarmonicSphere, Snoyes, Angela, Kingturtle, Rlandmann, Nikai, Evercat, CarlKenner, EdH, Jacques Del-
son, Gh, Rob Hooft, Samuel~enwiki, Wfeidt, BRG, Rick.G, Crissov, RickK, Zoicon5, Astrotrain, Fibonacci, Ed g2s, Bevo, Topbanana,
Joy, Fvw, Warofdreams, Raul654, Jusjih, Camerong, Frazzydee, Francs2000, RadicalBender, Dimadick, Branddobbe, Robbot, Dale Ar-
nett, Pigsonthewing, Juve82, RedWolf, Altenmann, Rfc1394, Academic Challenger, Rholton, Hemanshu, Auric, Sporran, CdaMVvWgS,
Hadal, Seth Ilys, Cyrius, Rsduhamel, Resist, Smjg, Silvermane, Alan W, Ike~enwiki, ScudLee, Sj, Ido50, Everyking, Gus Polly, Curps,
Henry Flower, DO'Neil, Alensha, BillyH, Mboverload, Bobblewik, MusiCitizen, Kolbe, Pinnecco, ChicXulub, Alexf, RobinCarmody,
Antandrus, Bgbot, MistToys, Mikko Paananen, Ary29, Lord777, Kmweber, Soman, Mi.O~enwiki, Urhixidur, Joyous!, Jcw69, Ukex-
pat, Adashiel, Trevor MacInnis, Grunt, The stuart, TheCustomOfLife, D6, Ta bu shi da yu, Jiy, Radulfus, Chris j wood, Discospinster,
Rich Farmbrough, Rhobite, Guanabot, Quiensabe, Guanabot2, Brisis~enwiki, Art LaPella, EurekaLott, PatrikR, Feitclub, Zarateman,
Russ3Z, Slambo, RussBlau, A2Kar, Jumbuck, Schissel, Tra, Red Winged Duck, Alansohn, Bolwerk, Joshbaumgartner, Ricky81682,
Glaurung, Mysdaao, DreamGuy, Snowolf, Ksnow, Peter McGinley, Evil Monkey, Cmapm, Sudachi, Kaiser matias, Wadems, Guthrie,
Ianblair23, Drbreznjev, Netkinetic, Dismas, Needmoredinosaur, Brookie, A D Monroe III, Mrio, Woohookitty, TigerShark, Ardfern,
Fred J, BrownstoneKnockn, Djryanla, Kralizec!, Mandarax, Graham87, Polyestercheese, BD2412, Chun-hian, JIP, Crzrussian, Tim!,
Koavf, Cabutt, Stevenscollege, JimGardner1973, Dinosaurdarrell, Cincgreen, FlaBot, Jeman52001, SergioM, SchuminWeb, Ground
Zero, Aphasia83, JdforresterBot, RexNL, Gurch, Karrmann, Codex Sinaiticus, Grubbybest, Jling, Scimitar, Chobot, Deyyaz, Jared
Preston, Bgwhite, Noble Skuld the Legend Killer, EamonnPKeane, YurikBot, Wavelength, Quentin X, Ismail, RussBot, DBD, Mehran,
Stephenb, CambridgeBayWeather, Rsrikanth05, Wimt, Bill-on-the-Hill, RadioKirk, Krystyn Dominik, Welsh, ExRat, Howcheng, Dureo,
DAJF, SM, Misza13, Syrthiss, DeadEyeArrow, Nlu, Joshurtree, Wknight94, Fallout boy, AnnaKucsma, Chesnok, Jacklee, Arthur Rubin,
Pb30, Rms125a@hotmail.com, Abune, Spin Boy 11, NielsenGW, Scoutersig, JLaTondre, Sugar Bear, Kungfuadam, Lyrl, Maxamega-
lon2000, GrinBot~enwiki, Hide&Reason, Attilios, KnightRider~enwiki, Burnwelk, SmackBot, Gcollinsii, YellowMonkey, KnowledgeOf-
Self, Hydrogen Iodide, Jaydeebee1, Pgk, Jacek Kendysz, KocjoBot~enwiki, Delldot, Sam8, Brossow, Edgar181, Cool3, Betacommand,
Skizzik, Jamie C, Linden.mb, Dahn, Amsibert, MalafayaBot, Robocoder, Akanemoto, Baronnet, Colonies Chris, Trekphiler, Can't sleep,
clown will eat me, Skoglund, Cplakidas, Jennica, Kittybrewster, Addshore, Artemisboy, Nyletak, Pepsidrinka, RFD, -Stamps95, Artpaul,
Wisco, DMacks, Victor Lopes, Blockinblox, Ged UK, Ugur Basak Bot~enwiki, SashatoBot, ArglebargleIV, RossHoppe, Axem Tita-
nium, T-dot, Dejudicibus, J 1982, Disavian, RCX, Kransky, Aleenf1, PseudoSudo, Melody Concerto, Slakr, Stwalkerster, Mr Stephen,
Seseidl, Neddyseagoon, Irn, Jkaharper, Peteboro, TheFarix, Iridescent, Joseph Solis in Australia, Yoda1893, DefLeppardVanHalen, J
Di, Yann78, Aeternus, Y1997xf11, Goran.S2, Tawkerbot2, Jonathan W, JForget, Zarex, AlbertSM, WeggeBot, Neelix, Sentinel23, Fly-
ing Saucer, Jcsrauch, Trimp, Cydebot, Kanags, LedShakespeare, Henrymrx, Mato, Bellerophon5685, Khatru2, Kmcneil, Chasingsol,
Daniel J. Leivick, Pete Davis, Pcarew, Omicronpersei8, Thijs!bot, Anyo Niminus, Ilanajoy, Wikid77, Ivan Jericho, Missvain, Ronald
W Wise, Tellyaddict, AgentPeppermint, EdJohnston, Dgies, Ludde23, Dawnseeker2000, Thomas E. Johnson, Northumbrian, Escarbot,
Mentisto, Histrydude, AntiVandalBot, Milton Stanley, Luna Santin, Deeplogic, Noroton, Smartse, MaroonFrog, JAnDbot, Husond, Jm-
ncbtn, T L Miles, Epeeeche, Arch dude, Mikko Toivola~enwiki, UtarEmpire, LonesomeMoon, Ericvil, Eskadus, Kerotan, Bongwarrior,
VoABot II, Dentren, Natsubee, JamesBWatson, Redaktor, Jespinos, Nyttend, Bennov, User86654, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, SnapSnap, Po-
liticalJunkie, Talon Artaine, DerHexer, Hbent, Makro, Gjd001, Aaronapplis, Dave, MartinBot, Schmloof, BetBot~enwiki, Sagqs, Ulti-
mogamer12, CalendarWatcher, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, HandigeHarry~enwiki, Dewelar, Koplimek, J.delanoy, Numbo3, Uncle Dick,
Marcd30319, A Nobody, TheHugmonsters, EH74DK, Abbeybufo, Lynn4, Rocket71048576, Pyrospirit, (jarbarf), Gneggers, Belovedfreak,
Bushcarrot, Cmichael, KylieTastic, Joshua Issac, Juliancolton, Ejrcito Rojo 1950, WinterSpw, Ledzeppelin 182, Idioma-bot, VolkovBot,
Dba1990, Je G., Edwin Reck, Jspyrat, Katydidit, Kyle the bot, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Oshwah, Cosmic Latte, Davehi1, Mud-
dypuddles, Gerrish, Jazzilady, Jackfork, LeaveSleaves, Drappel, Eamontoplease, Spinningspark, WatermelonPotion, HeirloomGardener,
Andreammoss, PGWG, IndulgentReader, Venky2007, T0dg3r, SieBot, Accounting4Taste, Ttonyb1, WereSpielChequers, BotMultichill,
Belle Equipe, Caltas, Davidwilson1960, Ecnz, Loindepaname, France3470, Keilana, Hywel Dda, Captain Yankee, Mandsford, CutOTies,
Rdacteur Tibet, Yerpo, PhiEaglesfan712, Lightmouse, Andgold, Doncsecz~enwiki, Mkeranat, Fratrep, Kumioko (renamed), Myger-
ardromance, Maralia, Jbw2, Denisarona, Jons63, -The Bold Guy-, Escape Orbit, Randy Kryn, Msm3, Martarius, ClueBot, BBonds,
PipepBot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Marccurcio, Roosevelt Churchill, Shinpah1, Peter Harding-Roberts, PolarYukon, 24midget,
CounterVandalismBot, Skeeball93, Niceguyedc, Blue eyed boi, Ralphierce, Neverquick, RenamedUser jaskldjslak903, Mpballer11, Split-
dog, Mr.Atoz, Jusdafax, Winston365, Rhododendrites, ParisianBlade, Dekisugi, Brianb824, Jarlyn, Chaosdruid, Jizzyourpants, Europe22,
Aitias, Wjwtk, Johnuniq, DumZiBoT, Sylvia Anna, Life of Riley, Camboxer, Bearsona, Sourcechecker1960, Sakhawarz, Rror, Outlaw4life,
PseudoBot, TravelinSista, Addbot, RandySavageFTW, Tcncv, Ronhjones, Fieldday-sunday, Wikimichael22, Zarcadia, Knolte13, MrOllie,
CarsracBot, Ckalkura, Yo mamas moma, Favonian, Kyle1278, An--egyptian--girl, Mdnavman, Tassedethe, Numbo3-bot, Lightbot, Krano,
Muiranec, Zorrobot, CountryBot, HerculeBot, Fryed-peach, Henry M J Sedgeley, Legobot, Middayexpress, Blah28948, Dbspress, Yobot,
Tohd8BohaithuGh1, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, SimpleJYouTube, Zulmabm, Corvus tristis, Gpia7r, Dakuman-
galsingh66, JackieBot, Kingpin13, MindscapesGraphicDesign, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, Talley12333, GB fan, ArthurBot, LilHelpa,
Onedaysoon, MauritsBot, Xqbot, TinucherianBot II, Timir2, Capricorn42, Drilnoth, Ponticalibus, Maestroso simplo, Davshul, Alexis
Shineye, Djtiger, Pizzamaniac09, CBoeckle, Anonymous from the 21st century, Sir Stanley, GrouchoBot, C92400, Togglerjorgus5, Nedim
Ardoa, Zipotur, Doulos Christos, GhalyBot, Nrutt, Learner001, Pablei, Grinofwales, Ebranciforte, Captain-n00dle, FrescoBot, Mario
Pajas, Goatboy101, LucienBOT, Andre Kritzinger, Twinsdude, Biker Biker, Pinethicket, HRoestBot, Tussin92, Bmclaughlin9, Serols,
Jujutacular, Managerarc, Lightlowemon, FoxBot, Titogarciaquintero, Whitsoxrule, Mewga, Qzm, MajorStovall, Buchananin56, Reaper
Eternal, Weavehole, Schwede66, Raykyogrou0, Lucobrat, Lkjhgfdsa 0, TjBot, Metsikko, Lyngpanic1140, Yegishe, Sirsackalot666, Salvio
giuliano, DARTHGALE, Steve03Mills, Bellavista1957, EmausBot, John of Reading, Herbie290, WikitanvirBot, AmericanLeMans, Bil-
lyPreset, JustinTime55, Valterdaw, WikiKiwi, Tommy2010, Wikipelli, K6ka, Werieth, Hooligandisco, ZroBot, Dancingdexter, Colem-
cginnis, S16elittlewood, Aesopposea, Rails, Amartymar, Wayne Slam, TamahomeJenkins, Jamesbrockart, Poihths, Toshio Yamaguchi,
Donner60, ChuispastonBot, Tarboler, JPoNyC, Bb3bb3bb, Wasecessionist, ClueBot NG, S-d n r, MMAF, Jatr1992, Frietjes, Busterthedog,
Tditdatdwt, Theoldsparkle, Bob305, BG19bot, Andyy714, Keivan.f, HardinCreek, Dodshe, Argento Surfer, Miss Bono, Aisteco, Yami-
FangirlQueen, Aliwal2012, Kingcorr, SuperHero2111, Einstein2, Jonny Nixon, Makecat-bot, MichaelGScarn, Lugia2453, 123sage321,
Xwoodsterchinx, Attipspitta, Windywalk, Mixrunya, Hoho24, Ginsuloft, Chipperdude15, Maxyboyz, BethNaught, Ptb1997, GiovLDL,
Bob3458, PraiseTheAlmightyHelixFossil, Anonimeco, DiscantX, SoSivr, Radosaw Winiewski, Ilikeeastenders, Coriantumr15, Mar-
into, CAPTAIN RAJU, LutzuButzo, Swardzy70, Boze17, Retu5643, Martavew, Elephantpink, PolOTuathail, OSenDev, Bender the Bot,
36 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

I2padams, Bryan Calvin and Anonymous: 798

6.2 Images
File:1912_Gustaf_Lindblom2.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/1912_Gustaf_Lindblom2.JPG Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: Ocial Olympic Report Original artist: photographer of IOC
File:1960_Summer_Olympics_logo.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/11/1960_Summer_Olympics_logo.png
License: ? Contributors:
The logo may be obtained from 1960 Summer Olympics.
Original artist: ?
File:1960_Winter_Olympics_logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/1960_Winter_Olympics_logo.svg Li-
cense: Fair use Contributors:
The logo may be obtained from International Olympic Committee. Original artist: ?
File:Adam_clayton_u2_brasilia_2011.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Adam_clayton_u2_
brasilia_2011.jpg License: Attribution Contributors: Presidncia da Repblica [1] Original artist: Roberto Stuckert Filho/PR
File:Adone_Zoli.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Adone_Zoli.jpg License: Public do-
main Contributors: Senato.it Original artist: Unknown<a href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:
Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.
svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/
40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590' /></a>
File:Albert_Camus,_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel,_portrait_en_buste,_pos_au_bureau,_faisant_face__gauche,_cigarette_de_
tabagisme.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_
portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under
the digital ID cph.3c08028.
This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.
Original artist: Photograph by United Press International
File:Andrew_Denton_(cropped).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Andrew_Denton_%28cropped%
29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: PICT0009 Original artist: Bjorn Bednarek from Brisbane, Australia
File:Antonio_Banderas.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Antonio_Banderas.jpg License: CC BY 2.0
Contributors: ickr Original artist: David Shankbone
File:Ayrton_Senna_Imola_1989_Cropped.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Ayrton_Senna_Imola_
1989_Cropped.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Cropped from Image:Ayrton Senna Imola 1989.jpg. Original at http://www.flickr.
com/photos/gabriele/46502612 Original artist: Gabriele
File:Beno_Gutenberg.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Beno_Gutenberg.jpg License: CC BY-SA
4.0 Contributors: http://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/portrait-beno-gutenberg/
European Geosciences Union Original artist: Unknown<a href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:
Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.
svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/
40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590' /></a>
File:Bono_November_2014.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Bono_November_2014.jpg License:
CC BY 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/websummit/15540212638/ Original artist: Web Summit
File:Boris_Pasternak_cropped.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Boris_Pasternak_cropped.jpg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:BradGarrettApr2011.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/BradGarrettApr2011.jpg License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Image e-mailed from author to uploader Original artist: Angela George at http://www.flickr.com/photos/
sharongraphics/
File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0205-502,_Max_von_Laue.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
6/6f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0205-502%2C_Max_von_Laue.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 de Contributors: This im-
age was provided to Wikimedia Commons by the German Federal Archive (Deutsches Bundesarchiv) as part of a
cooperation project. The German Federal Archive guarantees an authentic representation only using the originals (nega-
tive and/or positive), resp. the digitalization of the originals as provided by the Digital Image Archive. Original artist:
Unknown<a href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20'
height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050'
data-le-height='590' /></a>
File:CO_1069-493-37_(7888168060).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/CO_1069-493-37_
%287888168060%29.jpg License: No restrictions Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalarchives/7888168060/ Original
artist: The National Archives UK
File:Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: eBay Original artist: Movie studio
File:Colin_Firth_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Colin_Firth_by_Gage_
Skidmore.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gage Skidmore
6.2 Images 37

File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Origi-

nal artist: ?
File:DH_2013_Global_Summit.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/DH_2013_Global_Summit.jpg Li-
cense: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldtravelandtourismcouncil/8637617970/in/photostream/ Original
artist: worldtravelandtourismcouncil
File:David_Duchovny_2011_Shankbone.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/David_Duchovny_
2011_Shankbone.JPG License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: David Shankbone
File:Dirk_Jan_de_Geer.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Dirk_Jan_de_Geer.jpg License: Public do-
main Contributors: http://www.parlement.com/9291000/biof/00432 Original artist: Foto Coll. Icon. Bureau, 's-Gravenhage
File:Former_PM_Arthur_Meighen.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Former_PM_Arthur_
Meighen.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This image is available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction
reference number B102-09 and under the MIKAN ID number 2267423
Original artist: Unknown<a href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20'
height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050'
data-le-height='590' /></a>
File:Georges_Claude_1926.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Georges_Claude_1926.jpg
License: Public domain Contributors: <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/
btv1b9026382m/'>Bibliothque nationale de France</a> Original artist: Agence de presse Meurisse
File:Greensboro_sit-in_counter.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Greensboro_sit-in_counter.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Mark Pellegrini
File:GuerrilleroHeroico.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/CheHigh.jpg License: Public domain Con-
tributors: Museo Che Guevara, Havana Cuba Original artist: Alberto Korda
File:Hasan_Hsn_Saka.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Hasan_H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Saka.
jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Album of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Vol. 1, p. 290. Original artist: Un-
known<a href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718' src='https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='https://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590'
/></a>
File:Hugh_Grant_2014.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Hugh_Grant_2014.jpg License: CC BY-SA
3.0 Contributors: This le has been extracted from another le: Hugh Grant at 214. Wetten, dass.. show in Graz, 8. Nov. 2014.jpg
Original artist: Kurt Kulac
File:Hugo_Weaving_2014.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Hugo_Weaving_2014.jpg License: CC
BY 3.0 Contributors: Hugo Weaving Original artist: Siebbi
File:J._L._R._Zapatero.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/J._L._R._Zapatero.jpg License: CC BY 3.0
Contributors: File:Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero.jpg Original artist: Atr1992
File:JFKJr2.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/JFKJr2.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http:
//spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-126/html/s126e008372.html Original artist: NASA
File:James_Montgomery_Flagg_(1).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/James_Montgomery_Flagg_
%281%29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors:
Genthe, Arnold, 1869-1942, photographer.
Original artist: Arnold Genthe
File:Jane_Lynch,_2008_appearance_(crop).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Jane_Lynch%2C_
2008_appearance_%28crop%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Jane Lynch Original artist: Photographed by Greg Hernandez
*derivative work: Kerunocopia galaxies

File:Jean-Claude_Van_Damme_2012.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Jean-Claude_Van_

Damme_2012.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Georges Biard
File:Jeff_\char"0022\relax{}Swampy\char"0022\relax{}_Marsh_(cropped).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/b/b3/Jeff_%22Swampy%22_Marsh_%28cropped%29.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: DSC06062 Original artist: Joe
Meno
File:Jeffrey_Dahmer_HS_Yearbook.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Jeffrey_Dahmer_HS_
Yearbook.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Reverie, yearbook of Revere Senior High School, Richeld, Ohio Original artist:
Revere Senior High School
File:John_D._Rockefeller_Jr..jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr..jpg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: http://www.biography.com/people/john-d-rockefeller-jr-9461357 Original artist: photography of early
XX century
File:Jonathan_Ross_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Jonathan_Ross_by_
Gage_Skidmore.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gage Skidmore
File:Julianne_Moore_(15011443428).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Julianne_Moore_
%2815011443428%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Julianne Moore Original artist: Gordon Correll
38 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:KennethBranaghApr2011.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/KennethBranaghApr2011.jpg Li-

cense: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mseckington/5632432947/ Original artist: Melinda Seckington at http:
//www.flickr.com/photos/8413322@N06
File:Kenneth_McArthur.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Kenneth_McArthur.jpg License: Public
domain Contributors: Taken from The Ocial Report of the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912. Original artist: ?
File:Maradona_at_2012_GCC_Champions_League_final.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/
Maradona_at_2012_GCC_Champions_League_final.JPG License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Neogeolegend
File:Melissa_Leo_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Melissa_
Leo_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: David Shankbone Original artist: David Shankbone
File:Michael_Lohan_2008.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Michael_Lohan_2008.jpg License: CC-
BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:
http://viewmorepics.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewPicture&friendID=32385853&albumId=1986094
Original artist: Toglenn
File:Mohammad_Javad_Zarif_2014.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif_
2014.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: ATOMGESPRCHE DER UN-VETOMCHTE MIT DEM IRAN: ZARIF // NUCLEAR
TALKS E3/EU+3 AND IRAN: ZARIF Original artist: Bundesministerium fr Europa, Integration und usseres
File:Munich_Security_Conference_2010_-_dett_ivanov_0024.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/
Munich_Security_Conference_2010_-_dett_ivanov_0024.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 de Contributors: www.securityconference.de) Origi-
nal artist: Harald Dettenborn
File:Naruhito-2008-2.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Naruhito-2008-2.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 br
Contributors: Agncia Brasil [1] Original artist: Antonio Cruz/ABr
File:Nigella2.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Nigella2.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Own work Original artist: Brian Minko- London Pixels
File:Nobel_medal.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png License: PD-US Contributors:
Photographer: David Monniaux (2005, 2006, 2007)
Original artist:
Design of the medal: The Nobel Foundation. Sculptor and engraver: Erik Lindberg (1902).
File:Oliver_Kirk_LOC.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Oliver_Kirk_LOC.jpg License: Public do-
main Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2478434242/sizes/o/ Original artist: George Grantham Bain Col-
lection (Library of Congress)
File:Oliver_Platt_(2010).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Oliver_Platt_%282010%29.jpg License:
CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: http://www.bridgetlaudien.com/
Original artist: Bridget Laudien
File:Philippe_de_Belgique_2010.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Philippe_de_Belgique_2010.jpg
License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: File:Lula_Prncipe_da_Blgica.jpg Original artist: Fabio Rodrigues Pozzebom/ABr
File:Polaris-a3.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Polaris-a3.jpg License: Public domain Contributors:
U.S. Navy All Hands magazine February 1965, p. 18. https://www.patrick.af.mil/heritage/LaFacility/CPX25-29.htm Original artist: U.S.
Department of Defense
File:Prince_Andrew_August_2014_(cropped).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Prince_Andrew_
August_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/niogovuk/14649728080/ Original
artist: Northern Ireland Oce
File:RIAN_archive_35172_Powers_Wears_Special_Pressure_Suit.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/
09/RIAN_archive_35172_Powers_Wears_Special_Pressure_Suit.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: RIA Novosti archive, image
#35172, http://visualrian.ru/ru/site/gallery/#35172 6x6 lm / 66 Original artist: Chernov /
File:Sean_Penn_by_Sachyn_Mital_(cropped).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Sean_Penn_by_
Sachyn_Mital_%28cropped%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sachyn Mital
File:Stanley_Tucci_2010.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Stanley_Tucci_2010.jpg License: CC BY
2.0 Contributors: Stanley Tucci Original artist: Nick Step
File:Steve_Blum_(14948090597).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Steve_Blum_
%2814948090597%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Steve Blum Original artist: GabboT
File:Thomas_Haden_Church_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/
e6/Thomas_Haden_Church_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: David Shankbone Original artist:
David Shankbone
File:Tilda_Swinton_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Tilda_Swinton_by_
Gage_Skidmore.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gage Skidmore
File:Tim_Cook_2009_cropped.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Tim_Cook_2009_cropped.jpg Li-
cense: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors:
Tim_Cook_2009.jpg Original artist: Tim_Cook_2009.jpg: Kindly granted by Valery Marchive (LeMagIT)
File:Tiros_satellite_navitar.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9f/Tiros_satellite_navitar.jpg License: PD Con-
tributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:ValerieBertinelliHWOFAug2012.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/
ValerieBertinelliHWOFAug2012.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Image e-mailed from author to uploader Original
artist: Angela George
6.3 Content license 39

File:Yulia_Tymoshenko_2011.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Yulia_Tymoshenko_2011.jpg Li-

cense: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: EPP Summit March 2011 Original artist: European Peoples Party
File:__-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_CROP.jpg Source: https:
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%
B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%
B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%
B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%
B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%
B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%
B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2_-_Flickr_-_Abhisit_Vejjajiva_CROP.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr Original artist:
Government of Thailand

6.3 Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0