Law 412: Civil Law Review II

A. Course Description
This course is a general integration of the principles in civil law relating to obligation and
contracts, sales, quasi-contracts, quasi-delicts and damages, and other related subjects.

B. Course Objective
By the end of this course, the students are expected to understand the basic principles
applicable to obligations and its different sources, and identify the rights of parties to these
obligations.

C. Course Outline and Timeframe

WEEK TOPIC
1 OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS
Introduction to Law
a. Concepts and Definition
b. Kinds, Classification and Divisions
c. State Law
d. Definition: Law on Obligations and Contracts

General provisions on Obligations

1. Definition of Obligation (Art. 1156, NCC)
2. Essential Requisites of Obligation
3. Natural Obligations (Arts. 1423-1430, NCC)
4. Concepts and Sources of Obligations (Arts. 1157-1162, NCC)
4.1 Law (Art. 1158)
4.2 Contracts (Art. 1159)
4.3. Quasi-contracts (Art. 1160, NCC) Definition; kinds
4.4. Crimes or delict (Art.1161, NCC) Scope of liability
4.5. Quasi-delict (Art. 1162, NCC)Definition; Crimes vs. Quasi delict
5. Concepts of obligor and oblige

Nature and Effect of Obligations

a. Rights of Creditor and Duties of Debtor
a.1 Obligation to give (Arts. 1163-1166, NCC)
a.2 Obligation to Do (Art. 1167, NCC)
a.3 Obligations not to do (Arts. 1168)
b. Grounds for liability for damages (art.1170, NCC)
b.1 Delay (Art. 1169, NCC) Definition; Kinds; Effects; Rule and Exceptions
(When demand is not necessary to put debtor in delay)
b.2 Fraud (Art. 1171) Definition; Kinds
b.3 Negligence (Arts. 1172-1173, NCC) Definition; kinds; Negligence vs.
Diligence; Kinds of diligence
b.4 Contravention of the tenor of the obligation (Art. 1170, NCC) Meaning
b.5 Fortuitous event (Art. 1174, NCC) Definition; kinds; requisites; rule and
 Exceptions
c. Usurious transactions (Art. 1175, NCC) Meaning of Loan or Mutuum
d. Presumptions (Art. 1176, NCC) Definition; Kinds; When not applicable
e. Remedies available to creditors for the satisfaction of their claims (Art. 1177,
NCC)
f. Transmissibility of rights (Art. 1178, NCC) Rule and Exceptions

2 Different kinds of obligations

a. Secondary Classifications under the Civil Code
a.1 Unilateral vs. bilateral (Arts. 1168-1169, NCC)
a.2 Real vs. Personal (Arts. 1163-1168, NCC)
a.3 Determinate vs. Generic (art. 1165, NCC)
a.4 Civil vs. Natural (Art. 1423, NCC)
a.5 Legal, Conventional and Penal (Arts. 1157, 1159, 1161, NCC
b. Primary Classifications under the New Civil Code
b.1 Pure and Conditional (Arts. 1179-1192)
b.2. Obligations with a period (Arts. 1180, 1193-1198, NCC)
b.3. Alternative vs. Facultative Obligations (Arts. 1199-1206, NCC)
b.4. Joint and Solidary Obligations (Art. 1207-1222, NCC)
b.5. Divisible vs. Divisible Obligations (Arts. 1223-1225, NCC)
b.6 Obligations with a Penal Clause (Arts. 1126-1304, NCC)

Extinguishment of Obligations (Art. 1231, NCC)Cause of Extinguishment

not under Art. 1231.
1. Payment or performance (Art. 1232-1254)
1.a. Payment by Cession (Art. 1255)
1.b. Tender of payment and consignation (Arts. 1256-1261, NCC)
2. Loss of the thing due (arts. 1262-1269, NCC)
3. Condonation or remission of debt (Arts. 1270-1274)
4. Confusion or merger of rights (Arts. 1275-1277, NCC)
5. Compensation (Arts. 1278-1304, NCC)
6. Novation (Arts. 1291-1304, NCC)

Contracts
1. Definition (Art. 1305, NCC), Nature and Concepts
2. General Provisions (Arts. 1306-1317, NCC)
3. Essential requisites of Contracts (Art. 1318, NCC)
a. Consent (Arts. 1319-1346)
b. Object (Arts. 1347-1349, NCC)
c. Cause (Arts. 1350-1355,NCC)
4. Form of Contracts (Arts. 1356-1358)
5. Reformation of Instruments (Arts. 1359-1369)
6. Interpretation of Contracts (Arts. 1370-1379)

Defective Contracts under the Civil Code:

Rescissible Contracts (Arts. 1380-1389, NCC)
Meaning: Rescissible Contract
 Rescission: Definition, requisites, nature and extent, period for filing, persons
entitled to bring action
Payments made in state of insolvency
When alienation presumed in fraud of creditors (Art. 1387, NCC)
3 Voidable Contracts (Arts. 1390-1402, NCC)
Definition, nature and effects
Annulment: Meaning and the period for filing action for annulment; persons
entitled and those not entitled to filing such actions; extinguishment of action
for annulment
Ratification: definition; requisites; effects; persons who can ratify

Unenforceable Contracts (Art. 1403-1408, NCC)

Meaning; kinds
Unauthorized contracts: definition
Agreements within the scope of the statute of frauds
Modes of ratification under the statute of frauds
When unenforceable contract becomes a voidable contract
When unenforceable contract becomes a valid contract
Right of third persons to assail an unenforceable contract

Void or Inexistent Contracts (Arts. 1409-1422, NCC)

Meaning, characteristics
Instances of void or inexistent contracts
Rules where contract is illegal and the act constitutes a criminal offense
Rules where contract is illegal but the act does not constitute a criminal offense
Persons entitled to raise defense or illegality or nullity.
Definition of in pari delicto
4 LAW ON SALES
In General
Villonco Realty Company v. Bormaheco, Inc., 65 SCRA 352, July 25, 1975
Ang Yu Asuncion v. Court of Appeals, 238 SCRA 602, December 2, 1994
Vda. De Ape v. Court of Appeals, 456 SCRA 193, April 15, 2005
Torcuator v. Bernabe, 459 SCRA 439, June 8, 2005

History
Governing Law RA No. 386 (August 30, 1950); Arts. 1488, 1637

Commercial & Civil Sales

Characteristics
Gaite v. Fonacier, 2 SCRA 830, July 31, 1961

Stages
Ainza v. Padua, 462 SCRA 614, June 30, 2005

Kinds of Sale
Maceda Law
 Recto Law

As to the presence or absence of condition

McCullough v. Berger, 43 Phil 823, September 26, 1922
Dichoso v. Roxas, 5 SCRA 781, July 31, 1962
Luzon Brokerage v. Maritime Building, 43 SCRA 93, January 21, 1972
Portic v. Cristobal, 456 SCRA 577, April 22, 2005
Heirs of Jesus M. Mascunana v. Court of Appeals, 461 SCRA 186, June 23,
2005
Ursal v. Court of Appeals, 473 SCRA 52, October 14, 2005
Carrascoso, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, 477 SCRA 666, December 14, 2005
Sacobia Hills Devt Corp. v. Ty, 470 SCRA 395, September 20, 2005
Keppel Bank V. Adao, 473 SCRA 372, October 19, 2005
Edrada v. Ramos, 468 SCRA 597, August 31, 2005

Distinguished from other transactions

Heacock v. Buntal Manufacturing Co., 66 Phil 245, September 26, 1938
Quiroga v. Parsons Hardware, 38 Phil 501, August 23, 1918
Ker v. Lingad, 38 SCRA 524, April 30, 1971
Del Monte Phils. v. Aragones, 461 SCRA 139, June 23, 2005

5 Elements of a Contract of Sale

Essential Elements
Rodriguez v. Mactal, 60 Phil 13, April 4, 1934
Rubias v. Batiller, 51 SCRA 120, May 29, 1973
Miguel v. Catalino, 26 SCRA 234, November 29, 1968
Estate of Salvador Serra Serra v. Heirs of Primitivo Hernaez, 466 SCRA 120,
August 9, 2005
Mapalo v. Mapalo, 17 SCRA 114, May 19, 1966

Subject matter (things & rights)

Martinez v. Court of Appeals, 56 SCRA 647, April 29, 1974
Melliza v. City of Iloilo, 23 SCRA 477, April 30, 1968

Cause
RA 529
RA8183, PD72
Villonco Realty Company v. Bormaheco, Inc., supra
Spouses Doromal , Sr. and Salas v. Court of Appeals, 66 SCRA 575, September
5, 1975
Goldenrod v. Court of Appeals, 299 SCRA 141, November 24, 1998
Edrada v. Ramos, 468 SCRA 597, August 31, 2005
Philippine Free Press, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 473 SCRA 639, October 24,
2005
Cruz v. Fernando, Sr., 477 SCRA 173, December 9, 2005
Morales Devt Co. v. Court of Appeals, 27 SCRA 484, March 28, 1969
 Laperal v. Rogers, 13 SCRA 26, January 30, 1965
De Leon v. Salvador, 36 SCRA 566, December 28, 1970
Velasco v. Court of Appeals, 51 SCRA 439, June 29, 1973

Perfection of the Contract

Cruz v. Fernando, Sr., supra

Contract of Option
Sanchez v. Rigos, 145 SCRA 368, June 14, 1972
Equatorial Realty Devt, Inc. v. Mayfair Theater, Inc., 264 SCRA 483,
November 21, 1996

Formalities of Contract of Sale (Statutes of Fraud)

Sec. 22 Act 1147 (Cattle Registration Act)
Paredes v. Espino, 22 SCRA 1000, March 13, 1968
Inigo v. Maloto, 21 SCRA 246, September 28, 1967
Cuyugan v. Santos, 34 Phil 100, March 3, 1916
Dalion v. Court of Appeals, 182 SCRA 872, February 28, 1990
Yuvienco v. Dacuycuy, 104 SCRA 668, May 27, 1981
Vda. De Jomoc v. Court of Appeals, 200 SCRA 74, August 2, 1991
Santos v. Manalili, 475 SCRA 679, November 22, 2005

6 Rights and Obligations of the Vendor - Art. 1495

Cuison v. Remoto, 472 SCRA 274, October 11, 2005

Purchase at Merchants Store, Market or Fair Art. 559

Sun Bros. v. Velasco, 54 O.G. 5143, August 11, 1958
Salonga v. Concepcion, 470 SCRA 291, September 20, 2005
Sigaya v. Mayuga, 467 SCRA 341, August 18, 2005
Premiere Devt Bank v. Court of Appeals, 453 SCRA 630, March 18, 2005
Siy Cong Bieng and Co. v. HSBC, 56 Phil 598 [1932]
Masiclat v. Centeno, May 31, 1956

When/How transfer is effected?

General Rule:
Ilao-Quianay v. Mapile, 474 SCRA 246, October 25, 2005

Exceptions:
Vallarta v. Court of Appeals, 150 SCRA 336, May 29, 1987

Risk of Loss or Deterioration (Total/Partial)

Lawyers Cooperative v. Tabora, 13 SCRA 762, April 30, 1965
De Lizardi v. Yaptico, 30 Phil 211, March 22, 1915
Sun Bros. Appliances v. Perez, 7 SCRA 977, April 30, 1963

Double Sales
 Rule (Movables/Immovables)
Cuison v. Remoto, supra
Ulep v. Court of Appeals, 472 SCRA 274, October 11, 2005
Sigaya v. Mayuga, supra
Bautista v. Sioson, 39 Phil 615, February 11, 1919
Lichauco v. Berenguer, 39 Phil 643, February 27, 1919
Paylago v. Jarabe, 22 SCRA 1247, March 27, 1968
Quimson v. Rosete, 87 Phil 159, August 9, 1950

When not applicable?

unregistered lands
Carumba v. Court of Appeals, 31 SCRA 558, February 18, 1970
Vda. De Jomoc v. Court of Appeals, supra
Hanopol v. Pilapil, 7 SCRA 452, February 28, 1963

To deliver the object and its accessions -

Kuenzle & Streiff v. Macke & Chandler, 14 Phil 610, December 16, 1909
Addison v. Felix, 38 Phil 404, August 3, 1918
Daguilan v. IAC, 168 SCRA 22, November 28, 1988
Pasagui v. Villablanca, 68 SCRA 18, November 10, 1975
Dy, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, 198 SCRA 826, July 8, 1991
Power Commercial and Indl Corp. v. CA, 274 SCRA 597, June 20, 1997
Florendo v. Foz, 20 Phil 388, October 24, 1911
Philippine Suburban Devt. Corp. v. The Auditor General, 63 SCRA 397, April
18, 1975
Board of Liquidators v. Floro, 110 Phil 482, December 29, 1960

Not bound to deliver when?

Visayan Distributors, Inc. v. Flores, 92 Phil 145, October 15, 1952

Place of Delivery - f.o.b., c.i.f., f.a.s. )

Behn, Meyer & Co. v. Yangco, 38 Phil 606, September 18, 1918
Bislig Bay Lumber Co. v. CIR, 1 SCRA 156, January 28, 1961

Time of Delivery
Republic v. Litton & Co., 94 Phil 52, November 28, 1953

7 Warranties Express
Carrascoso, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, supra
Philippine Manufacturing Co. v. Go Joco, 48 Phil 621, January 21, 1926

Distinguished from: condition

Guinhawa v. People, 468 SCRA 278, August 25, 2005
Power Commercial and Indl Corp. v. CA, supra
Bautista v. Lasam, 72 Phil 506, June 27, 1941
Mendoza v. Caparros, 94 Phil 317, January 30, 1954
 Rights and Obligations of the Vendee
The Maceda Law (RA 6552) Sale of Immovables on Installment
Ramos v. Heruela, 473 SCRA 79, October 14, 2005
Fabrigas v. San Francisco del Monte, Inc. 476 SCRA 247, November 25, 2005

Remedies for Breach of Contract

Katigbak v. Court of Appeals, 4 SCRA 242, January 31, 1962
Song Fo & Co. v. Hawaiian-Phil. Co., 47 Phil 821, September 16, 1925
Weyerhauser Timber Co. v. First Natl Bank of Portland, 38 P2d 48

Remedies of the Buyer

Recto Law Sale of Movables on Installment- Arts. 1484-1486
Luneta Motor C. v. Salvador, 108 Phil 1037, July 26, 1960
Industrial Finance Corp. v. Ramirez, 77 SCRA 152, May 26, 1977
Northern Motors, Inc. v. Sapinoso, 33 SCRA 1970, May 29, 1970
UMC v. Dy Hian Tat, 28 SCRA 161, May 16, 1969
Cruz v. Filipinas Investment & Finance Corp., 23 SCRA 791, May 27, 1968

Extinguishment of Sale
Cadungog v. Yap, 469 SCRA 561, September 12, 2005
Salonga v. Concepcion, supra
Go v. Bacaron, 472 SCRA 339, October 11, 2005
Gerardino, Sr. v. CFI Capiz Br. III, 80 SCRA 646, December 29, 1977
Yturralde v. CA, 43 SCRA 315, February 28, 1972
Marquez v. Valencia, 77 Phil 782, December 22, 1946
Quinga v. Court of Appeals, 3SCRA 66, September 19, 1961
Gloria-Diaz v. Court of Appeals, 84 SCRA, July 31, 1978
Heirs of Francisco Parco v. Haw Pia, 45 SCRA 164, May 30, 1972

Legal
Spouses Doromal , Sr. and Salas v. Court of Appeals, supra
Almendrada v. Ngo, 471 SCRA 311, September 30, 2005
Aguilar v. Aguilar, 478 SCRA 187, December 16, 2005
Villasor v. Medel, 81 Phil 546, September 29, 1948
Ortega v. Orcine, 38 SCRA 276, March 31, 1971

8 MIDTERM EXAM
9
10
11
12
13
14 TORTS AND DAMAGES
I. General Consideration
a. TORTS
 i. History
ii. Definition
iii. Under Philippine Law
iv. Definition under Philippine Law
Naguiat vs NLRC, GR 116123, March 13, 1997
v. Elements
Garcia vs Salvador, 518 SCRA 568
vi. Culpa Aquiliana vs Culpa Criminal vs Culpa Contractual

II. QUASI-DELICT
a. Historical Background
Barredo vs Garcia, 73 Phil 607
b. Definition
Picart vs Smith, GR L-12219, March 15, 1918
Cusi, et al vs PNR, GR L-29889, May 31, 1979
Jarco Mktg. vs CA, 321 SCRA 377
Child Learning vs Tagorio, 426 SCRA 236
c. Degrees of Negligence
Ilao-Oretar vs Ronquillo, 535 SCRA 633
Amado vs Rio, 95 Phil 33
d. Standard of Conduct
i. General Rule
Picart vs Smith, supra
Sicam vs Jorge, GR 159617, August 8, 2007
Corinthian Gardens vs Sps. Tanjuangco, GR
160795, June 27, 2008
ii. Special Circumstances
Hrs. of Completo vs Albayada, GR 172200, July
6, 2010
Pacis vs Morales, GR 169467, Feb. 25, 2010
iii. Children
Taylor vs Manila Railroad, 16 Phil 8
Jarco Mktg., supra
iv. Experts
Culion vs Philippines, 55 Phil 129
e. Negligence as Proximate Cause
i. Definition
Vda. De Bataclan vs Medina, GR L-10126, Oct.
22, 1957
Phoenix Construction vs IAC, GR 65295, March
10, 1987
Fernando vs CA, GR 92087, May 8, 1992
Benguet Elec. Vs CA, GR 127326, Dec. 23, 1999
ii. The Cause
 *Proximate
Mercury Drug vs Baking, GR 156037,
May 25, 2007
Pilipinas Bank vs CA, GR 105410, July
25, 1994
*Concurrent
Far Eastern vs CA, GR 130068, Oct. 1,
1998
*Remote
Gabeto vs Araneta, 42 Phil 252
Manila Elec. Vs Remoquillo, 99 Phil 117
*Intervening
Phoenix Construction, supra
f. Proof of Negligence
PLDT vs CA, GR 57079, Sept. 29, 1989
g. Presumption of Negligence
i. Res Ipsa Loquitur
Africa vs Caltex, GR L-12986, March 31, 1966
F.F. Cruz vs CA, GR 52732, Aug. 29, 1988
D.M. Consunji vs CA, GR 137873, April 20,
2001
Capili vs Sps. Cardana, GR 157906, Nov. 2, 2006
ii. Respondeat Superior
Castilex vs Vasquez, GR 132266, Dec. 21, 1999
iii. Violation of Traffic Rules (Arts. 2184-85)
US vs Crane, GR 10181, March 2, 1915
BLTB vs IAC, GR 74387-90, Nov. 14, 1988
Guillang vs Bedania, GR 118889, March 23,
1998
iv. Possession of Dangerous Weapons and Substances (Art.
2188)

15 III. DEFENSES AGAINST CHARGE OF NEGLIGENCE

a. Plaintiffs Negligence is the PROXIMATE CAUSE
Bernardo vs Legaspi, 29 Phil 12
PLDT vs CA, GR 57079, Sept. 29, 1989
Manila Elec. Vs Remoquillo, supra
b. Contributory Negligence (Art. 2179)
Rakes vs Atlantic Gulf, GR L-1719, January 23,
1907
Taylor vs Manila Electric & Railroad, GR 4977,
March 22, 1910
Cadiente vs Macas, GR 161946, Nov. 14, 2008
*Limitations on Contributory Negligence
 Last Clear Chance
o Picart vs Smith, supra
o Lapanday vs Angala, 525 SCRA 229
Attractive Nuisance
o Hidalgo vs Balandan, 91 Phil 488
o Taylor, supra
Res Ipsa Loquitur
o Capili, supra
c. Assumption of Risk
Afialda vs Hisole, GR L-2075, Nov. 29, 1949
d. Last Clear Chance
Picart vs Smith, supra
Sps. Ong vs MWD, GR L-7664, Aug. 29, 1958
Glan Peoples Lumber vs IAC, GR 70493, May
18, 1989
Pantranco vs Baesa, GR 79050-51, Nov. 14, 1989
e. Prescription (Art 1146)
Ferrer vs Ericta, GR L-41767, Aug. 23, 1978
Kramer vs CA, GR 83524, Oct. 13, 1989
f. Fortuitous Event (Art. 1174)
Hernandez vs COA, GR. 71871, Nov. 6, 1989
Southeastern College vs CA, GR L-87584
g. Exercise of Diligence (Art. 2180)
h. Mistake and Waiver
Gatchalian vs CA, GR 56487, Oct. 21, 1991
i. Damnum Absque Injuria
NAPOCOR vs CA, GR 96410, July 3, 1992
j. Emergency Rule
McKee vs IAC, 211 SCRA 519
k. Volenti Non-Fit Injuria
INERCO vs CA, 179 SCRA 5

IV. VICARIOUS LIABILITY (Art. 2180)

a. PARENTS & GUARDIANS
Exconde vs Capuno, GR L-10134, June 29, 1957
Elcano vs Hill, GR L-24803, May 26, 1977
Bahia vs Litonjua, 30 Phil 624
Tamargo vs CA, GR 85044, June 3, 1992
Sps. Libi vs IAC, GR 70890, Sept. 18, 1992
b. OWNERS & MANAGERS of ESTABLISHMENTS
Cangco vs Manila Railroad, 38 Phil 768
Phil. Rabbit vs American Forwarders, 63 SCRA
231
Fil Broadcasting vs AMEC, 448 SCRA vs 435
 Filamer vs IAC, 212 SCRA 637
Jayme vs Apostol, GR 163609, Nov. 27, 2008
Mercury Drug vs Sps Huang, GR 172122, June
22, 2007
c. STATE

Meritt vs Govt, 34 Phil 311

Rosete vs Auditor-General, 81 Phil 453

Fontanillas vs Maliamanm, GR 55963, Dec. 1,
1989 & Feb. 27, 1991 (MFR)
NIA vs Fontanilla, 179 SCRA 685
d. TEACHERS & HEADS of ACADEMIC ESTABLISHMENTS
Amadora vs CA, GR L-47745, April 15, 1988
Palisoc vs Brillantes, GR L-29025, Oct. 4, 1971
St. Marys vs Capistranos, 376 SCRA 473
St. Francis vs CA, GR 82465, Feb. 25, 1991
PSBA vs CA, GR 84698, Feb. 4, 1992

16
V. PRIMARY/STRICT LIABILITY
a. POSSESSORS & OWNERS OF ANIMALS (Art. 2183)
Vestil vs IAC, 179 SCRA 48
Afialda vs Hisole, supra.
b. OWNERS of MOTOR VEHICLES (Art. 2184)
Caedo vs Yu Khe Thai, GR L-20392, 26 SCRA
410
Carticiano vs Nuval, 341 SCRA 264
Mallari vs CA, 324 SCRA 147
c. MANUFACTURERS & PROCESSORS (Art. 2187)
d. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (Art. 2189) (2sec. 24, RA
7160)
Guilatco vs City of Dagupan, 171 SCRA 382
City of Manila vs Teotico, GR L-23052, Jan. 29,
1968
Jimenez vs City of Manila, GR 71049, May 29,
1987
Mun. of San Juan vs CA, GR 121920, Aug. 9,
2005
e. BUILDING PROPRIETORS (Art. 2190-2193)
De Roy vs CA, 157 SCRA 757
Dingcong vs Canaan, 72 Phil 14
f. ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS (Art 2192 and 1723)

VI. KINDRED TORTS/MEDICAL MALPRACTICE

Batiquin vs CA, GR 118231, July 5, 1996
 Ramos vs CA, GR 124354, Dec. 29, 1999
Ramos vs CA, April 11, 2002 (MFR)
Reyes vs Sisters of Mercy, GR 130547, Oct. 3,
2000
Nograles vs CMC, GR 142625, Dec. 19, 2006
PSI vs Agana, GR Nos. 126297, 126467, 127590,
Feb. 11, 2008

VII. SPECIAL TORTS IN HUMAN RELATIONS

a. ABUSE of RIGHTS (Art. 19)
Carpio vs. Valmonte, 438 SCRA 38
Sea Comml. Vs. CA, 319 SCRA 211
Citytrust Banking vs. Villanueva, 361 SCRA 446
Nikko Hotel Manila Garden vs. Reyes, 452
SCRA 532
b. ACTS & OMISSIONS CONTRARY TO MORALS (Arts. 20-
21)
Ruiz vs. Sec. of Natl Defense, 9 SCRA 925
Tenchavez vs. Escano, 122 Phil 752
Pe vs. Pe, 115 SCRA 186
Wassmer vs. Velez, 120 Phil 1440
c. UNJUST ENRICHMENT (Arts. 22-23)
Perez vs. Pomar, 2 Phil 682
Pacific Merchandising vs. Consolacion Insurance,
73 SCRA 564
CIR vs. Friedmans Fund Ins., 148 SCRA 316
Velayo vs Shell, 100 Phil 186
d. JUDICIAL VIGILANCE (Art. 24)
e. THOUGHTLESS EXTRAVAGANCE (Art. 25)
f. RIGHT TO PRIVACY (Art. 26)
St. Louis Realty vs CA, GR L-46061, Nov. 14,
1984
Castro vs People, GR 180832, July 23, 2008
g. DERELICTION of DUTY (Art. 27)
Pilar vs SB, 128 SCRA 173
Phil. Match vs City of Cebu, GR L-30745, Jan.
18, 1978
h. UNFAIR COMPETITION (Art. 28)
US vs Manuel, 7 Phil 221
i. Art. 29
Sapira vs CA, 314 SCRA 370
Sadio vs RTC of Antique, 201 SCRA 744
Machinery & Engg. Supplies vs Quintano, 98
Phil 893
 Santos vs Pizarro, 465 SCRA 222
j. Art. 31
Republic vs Bello, 120 SCRA 203
Tayag vs. Alcantara, 98 SCRA 723
k. VIOLATION of CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS (Art. 32)
Aberca vs Ver, 160 SCRA 590

VIII. NUISANCE
Velasco vs. Meralco, 40 SCRA 342
Meralco vs. CA, 114 SCRA 173
Bengson vs. Pangasinan, 62 Phil 816
HOA of El Deposito vs. Lood, 47 SCRA 174
Solis vs. Pujeda, 42 Phil 699
Ramcar vs. Milar, 116 Phil 825
Timoner vs. People, 125 SCRA 830

17 DAMAGES

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
a. Definition
b. Concept
c. Distinguished from Damage, Injury
d. Purpose
e. Kinds
MEA Builders vs CA 450 S 155
Aznar vs Citibank 519 S 287
Robleza vs CA 174 S 354

II. ACTUAL / COMPENSATORY (Arts. 2199-2215)

Hicks vs Manila Hotel, 28 SCRA 235

Marikina Auto Line vs Pp, 486 SCRA 284
RCPI vs CA, 103 SCRA 359

Pp vs Sanchez, 367 SCRA 520

Cariaga vs Laguna, Tayabas Bus, 110 SCRA 346

Uy Chaco vs Admiral Line, 46 Phil 418

Lemoine vs Alkan, 33 Phil 162

Junio vs Mla. Railroad 58 P 176

Pp vs Gutierrez, Jr., 302 SCRA 667
Quirante vs IAC, 169 SCRA 770
Royal Traders Employee Union vs NLRC, 269 SCRA
 733
Reformina vs Tomol 139 SCRA 260
Eastern Shipping vs CA, 234 SCRA 78
Phil Accident Insurance vs Flores, 97 SCRA 811
Hulst vs PR Builders, 532 SCRA 74

III. OTHER KINDS

a. MORAL (Arts. 2217-2220)

R& B Surety vs IAC, 129 SCRA 736
Guita vs CA, 139 SCRA 576
UCPB vs Ramos, 415 SCRA 596
Expertravel & Tours vs CA, 309 SCRA 141
Pp vs Fontanilla, 23 SCRA 1229
Pp vs Banela, 301 SCRA 84
Figueroa vs Pp, 498 SCRA 298
Equitable Banking vs IAC, 133 SCRA 135

b. NOMINAL (Arts. 2221- 2223)

Algarra vs Sandejas, 27 Phil 284
San Miguel Brewery vs Magno
SSS vs CA, 120 SCRA 707
Business Services of the Future vs CA, 480 SCRA 571

c. TEMPERATE /MODERATE (Arts. 2224-2225)

GSIS vs Labung-Deang, 365 SCRA 341
Tanay Recreation Center vs Fausto, 455 SCRA 436
LBC Express vs Ado, 468 SCRA 216
Pp. vs Duban, 412 SCRA 131

d. LIQUIDATED (Arts. 2226-2228)

Menchaves vs Tevez, 449 SCRA 380
Joes Electric Supply vs Alto Electronics, 104 Phil 333
Lirag Textile Mills vs SSS, 153 SCRA 338

e. EXEMPLARY / CORRECTIVE (Arts. 2229-2235)

Octot vs Ybanez, GR L-48643, Jan. 18, 1992
De Leon vs CA, GR L-31931, Aug. 1988
Pp vs Cristobal, GR 116279, Jan. 29, 1996
18 FINAL EXAM