GE K-30150

SECTION XI

CONTENTS
Page

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XI-1
SELF LOADING
DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-2 U
TEST EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-3 O
PREPARATION FOR TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-3 O
O
01 LOAD TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-3 J
M
N TROUBLE-SHOOTING LOW OUTPUT O

W LOCOMOTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-4 I
SELF-LOADING CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-7 w
RESTORING LOCOMOTIVE FOR SERVICE . . . . . . . . XI-4 C7
X EXTERNAL LOADING Q
DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-4 J
O
TEST EQUIPMENT AND SPECIAL TOOLS . . . . . . . . . XI-6 >
PREPARATIONS FOR TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-7 J
. . . . . .
Q
Power Plant Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-11
Voltage Regulator Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-13
Engine Speed Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-13 w
Engine Overspeed Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-14 E-

LOAD TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-14

Open-Circuit Voltage Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-15
Current Limit Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-16
Output Curve Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-17
SETTING POWER MATCHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-18
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-18
Adjusting Power Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-18 OUTPUT CURRENT - AMPERES D-C
Procedure for Setting Power Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-20
EXTERNAL LOADING CURVES ON EM99 FIG . XI-1 . NOTCH SPREAD ALONG SELF-LOADING
LOADING UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-21 RESISTANCE LINE.
RESTORING LOCOMOTIVE FOR SERVICE . . . . . XI-20

INTRODUCTION Each of the loading methods has certain advantages as

listed here for comparison.
This section provides information on load testing the
Series-7 diesel-electric locomotives . It is divided into two Self Loading
parts :
1 . This is a very quick way to check locomotive output
1 . Self Loading on dynamic braking resistor grids (engine horsepower) . Very little set-up time is
required, and a 0-10 vdc meter is the only test
2. Connected to external loading unit, like 17EM99 . equipment needed.

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment nor to provide for every possible contingency to be
met in connection with installation, operation or maintenance. Should further information be desired or should particular problems
arise which are not covered sufficiently for the purchaser's purposes, the matter should be referred to the General Electric Company .

Verify numbers for parts, tools, or material by using the Renewal Parts or Tool Catalogs, or contact your General
Electric representative for assistance. Do not order from this publication .

GENERAL ELECTRIC
PRINTED
IN
U .S.A .
5-79 (2900) KCF E
GEK-30150, SECTION XI, LOAD TESTING

2. An excellent means of testing nearly all of the

systems on the locomotive. Although it is done at a
single value of resistance, Fig. XI-1, it will give the
output for each of the eight Throttle notch positions.
M
N
3. It can be accomplished almost anywhere on railroad N
property, but preferably not inside a building since W
N
this could overheat the sprinkler system and cause
X
other problems . During summer the hot engine alarm
c7
may ring on the locomotive.
4. The engine itself will not be running at its correct
operating point and may not put out normal
horsepower due to action of the temperature derater
in the overspeed link. Also it will not run at normal
intake manifold and water jacket temperatures .
5 . Horsepower measurements will not be as accurate as
by the other method due to the use of portable
meters . Current is seldom measured because of the
time required to install a shunt .

External Loading Unit

1 . Horsepower can be measured with great precision and FIG . XI-2 . NOTCH SPREAD ALONG TEN RESISTANCE
LINES OF EM99 LOADING UNIT .
high accuracy . Accuracies of 1 percent are not
unusual since better meters are normally provided in Fig. XI-3, and the Load Box Toggle Switch (LBTS) located
loading units at permanent load box stations . at top left center of upper control compartment. The
switch is mounted on an instruction plate, like Fig . XI-4,
2. Operation can be continuous due to absence of the
hot engine alarm system . for the C30-7 model locomotive . Instructions plates for
other models are the same except for values in Table XI-I.
3. The engine is running under normal temperature
conditions. CAUTION : Prolonged testing with ambient
temperatures above 65 F could damage equipment
4. While on a loading unit, there is an opportunity to
due to excessive heat.
select several resistance values and thus test most of
the excitation curve, Fig. XI-2.
5 . During load testing, Power Matching can be set or
checked .

SELF LOADING

DESCRIPTION

A diesel-electric locomotive with this feature can be

isolated while in a multiple-unit consist and using its
dynamic braking resistors for an electrical load, can have its N
Of
own power output, engine speeds and excitation system M
N
checked in each of the eight throttle notches . This can be N
w
done without uncoupling the locomotive from the others, ro
and in a very short period of time . X
Results of the test will quickly determine if the
locomotive is suitable for continued service, if repairable or LL
if it should be shopped for a serious malfunction .
A locomotive is equipped with the self-loading feature if FIG . XI-3 . LOCATION OF SELF-LOAD BOX LIGHT
it has a Self-Load light on the Engine Control (EC) panel, ON ENGINE CONTROL PANEL .

XI-2
 LOAD TESTING, SECTION XI, GEK-30150

Before starting test, check all radiator cab intake screens

and underside of radiators to be sure they are clear and free
LOAD BOX of debris, to insure proper cooling.
TOGGLE SELF-LOADING PROCEDURE
M
aT SWITCH SET BRAKES AND BLOCK WHEELS.
The loadmeter on operator's console is bypassed during
CENTER REVERSE HANDLE .
M (LBTS) SHUT OFF CONTROL AIR SUPPLY AND DRAIN AIR
N
N FROM CONTROL RESERVOIR . self loading, so an external ammeter with shunt may be
W WARNING : CIRCUITFAULT CANCAUSE LOCOMOTIVE desired . If so, connect the shunt in series with the ACCR
a TO MOVE IF ABOVE PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT OBSERVED .
" LEAN ANY DEBRIS FROM RADIATORS AND BRAKING reactor, keeping the ACCR in the circuit .
GRID SCREENS TO AVOID OVERHEATING GRIDS .
X SELF-LOADING
MAKE SURE ALL TRACTION MOTORS ARE CONNECTED .
c_7
CONNECT 0-1500 VDC METER . . . . GA (+) TO GN I-).
THROW LBTS (AT LEFT) TO SELF-LOADING POSITION. The air for cooling the braking grids also passes up
ADVANCE THROTTLE SLOWLY, WATCH NG METER . IF
1100 VOLTS IS EXCEEDED, STOP LOADING! CIRCUITS through the radiators that cool the water . If the ambient
MAY BE INCOMPLETE . BRAKING GRID BURNOUT MAY
OCCUR IF LOADING IS CONTINUED .
NOMINAL VOLTAGE AT THROTTLE NOTCH 81S 1035 V . temperature gets too high, the Hot Water alarm will ring
NORMAL CORRESPONDING CURRENT WILL BE 2050 AMPERES. after the heated air has raised the water temperature .
OPERATION
6 MOTOR - 3000 HP LOCOMOTIVE 41A278191P7 /
LOAD TESTING

FIG . XI-4 . TYPICAL SELF-LOADING TOGGLE SWITCH On Series-7 locomotives with the CHEC excitation
INSTRUCTION PLATE .
system, a quick verification of horsepower output can be
TABLE XI-I, INSTRUCTION PLATE VALUES made using one digital voltmeter with a 0-10 vdc range.
Voltage from Test Point on MP card (FD735, fourth
Model First Second Third position from the left) multiplied by the 300 kw/v
B18-7 1100 980 1300 calibration and 1 .41 conversion factor (1000/746X0 .95)
B23-7 1200 1110 1470 gives a good indication of locomotive output.
C23-7 1190 1110 1440
B28-7 1280 1225 1500 This can be verified using readings of current from the
C28-7 1060 990 1950 ACCR 600 A/V test point on the face of the FL card
B30-7 1320 1280 1660 (FD738 Filter Card, seventh position from the left), on the
C30-7 1100 1035 2050 FL138 panel, Fig. XI-5, to any COMMON test point and
B36-7 1300 1210 2120 voltage from the VCR/BCCR, MOTOR 150 V/V, BRAKE
C36-7 1240 1140 2260 100 A/V to any COMMON test point. For ease of
comparison, the output curves, Figs. XI-7 to XI-15, include
TEST EQUIPMENT scales for actual values and for the 0-10 v meter readings .
These two readings, can be plotted on the output curve
One to three 0-10 vdc digital voltmeters. directly .
To convert the meter readings to actual values, multiply
PREPARATION FOR TEST
the indications by 600 and 150 respectively (the numbers
printed beside the test points) . These values can be plotted
A locomotive to be self loaded is electrically isolated on the output curve using actual values for voltage and
from the other locomotives if in a consist of multiple current .
locomotives (MU). This is done by uncoupling the 27-point
MU jumpers at each end of the locomotive under test. The
air brakes must be properly set to prevent possible
movement during the test . Individual locomotives should
also have the wheels chocked or blocked .

M To prevent application of power to the traction motor

M
O circuits, CLOSE air supply cock at control air NS-1
N
w reducing valve and OPEN the control air reservoir drain
1ti cock (or insert insulation between main contacts of S and P
X contactors) .
PANEL MOUNTED
C7 _ POTENTIOMETERS
(INUDING
CLU DING_ VCR) (WITH COVER)
Since some of the motor fields are in the circuit during
self loading, do not test with damaged traction motors, a
traction motor cut-out or other defects in the power FIG . XI-5- FL138 CHEC EXCITATION PANEL WITH
circuits. HIGH-VOLTAGE SECTION EXPOSED .

XI-3
GEK-30150, SECTION XI, LOAD TESTING

w
M
O
N
N
W
LOAD BOX TOGGLE
SWITCH (LBTS) l0
X
GOVERNOR SHUT-DOWN
HOLDING RELAY (GSDHR) W

FIG . XI-6 . LOCATION OF SELF-LOADING TOGGLE SWITCH (LBTS) AND INSTRUCTION PANEL.

With the Throttle handle in the OFF position and the RESTORING LOCOMOTIVE FOR SERVICE
Reverse handle in FORWARD, the engine idling (at
operating temperature), snap the Load Box Toggle Switch 1. Move Toggle switch LBTS to RUN position
(LBTS, located in the upper control compartment) to the
SELF LOAD position, Fig. XI-6. The light on the EC panel 2. Remove all test equipment and restore all circuits to
should now light, Fig. XI-3. normal which may have been modified for the test.

EXTERNAL LOADING
The Throttle handle can then be moved to each of the
eight notch positions . Engine speed for each notch is the DESCRIPTION
same as for normal motoring . Output in each throttle
position can be compared with the corresponding point on A load test should be performed periodically to assure
the curve to verify the locomotive output . This is done by the locomotive power plant is producing rated horsepower,
plotting each of the meter readings taken for a particular especially after a major overhaul of power plant or
throttle position on the appropriate curve for the model replacement of equipment .
locomotive being tested, Figs. XI-7 thru XI-15.
This instruction is a guide for checking the output of a
power plant using the EM99 Loading Unit. The load test
NOTE : If points do not plot along resistance line may be applied to adjust the output of an overhauled
shown, refer to schematic diagram for locomotive engine or to determine the condition of an engine while in
being tested. Verify the combined resistance - it service on a locomotive. A tabulation of accumulated test
could be different than the one shown. data can aid in determining the effectiveness of overhaul
work on a rebuilt engine and guide maintenance work to
improve engine performance .
TROUBLE-SHOOTING LOW
This instruction assumes an ungrounded resistor-blower
OUTPUT LOCOMOTIVES
type loading unit will be used. However, this does not
prohibit the use of any other type loading device or unit,
Further diagnosis of reasons for partial output can then since the test preparations, connections and procedure will
be undertaken in Tables XI-II and XI-III . be similar .

XI-4
 LOAD TESTING, SECTION XI, GEK-30150

TABLE XI-II, LOW HORSEPOWER OUTPUT - POSSIBLE CAUSES :

Item Problem Possible Cause Correction

ELECTRICAL ITEMS
lE Low Control Voltage Voltage regulator failure Reset rheostat, replace or repair panel
2E Low Voltage Power Faulty FD740, "RG' Card Replace or repair FD740 card
Supplies on CHEC Panel
+15 and -15 vdc
3E Reduced Excitation Any defect causing continuous turn Correct fault, move switch to RESET position
Mode of Operation. on of FT card
LED ON on FD734 False Turbo Signal
card Wheelslip Signal
Defective FT card Replace or repair FD733 card
4E Low Excitation Inaccurate test meters Reset with calibrated meters
Operation Traction motors cut-out Reset switch
High lube-oil temperature Check oil cooler operation
N
N FD738 Filter card out of calibration Replace card
of
ORS Engine Governor Solenoid Fix circuit
N
W energized in error
Extraneous signal on H Terminal of Check Speed Event or Wheelslip Panel outputs .
X CHEC Panel (Should be zero volts at standstill .)
W Bad CMR "ACCR" reactor Replace reactor
J
m 5E Low Alternator Power Limit switch in NOTCH 7 Reset switch to NORMAL
a
H Output Position (400-600 hp low in Notch 8
only).
Running single phase Check each phase voltage
Filter card FD738 out of calibration Replace card, check ACCR or VCR
for ACCR or VCR
MECHANICAL ITEMS
1M Poor Combustion Incorrect pump timing Retime engine
Incorrect valve tappet clearance Readjust to proper clearances
Air leaking from intake manifolds or Replace O-rings, bent or broken manifold sections
elbows (turbo to intercooler)
Racks not set properly Readjust all injection pump racks to same correct
setting
Carbon build-up in cylinder inlet ports Remove air inlet manifolds and clean ports
Fuel has low heating value Submit sample for lab. test
Faulty fuel injectors Replace bad injectors
2M Overspeed Derator High ambient temperature Clean intercoolers (air side and/or water side)
Link Expanded High manifold temperature Clean intercoolers (air side and/or water side)
Low oil pressure Faulty pump or regulator in Overspeed Governor
3M Low Fuel-Oil Pressure Plugged filter elements Replace elements
Plugged strainer Clean strainer
Regulator valve set low Recalibrate valve
Suction pipe admitting air Tighten fittings or replace tubing, pipes or hoses
4M* Engine Control Low lube-oil pressure Correct cause of low pressure
Governor Modulating Low water pressure Correct cause of low pressure
5M Low Turbocharger Cold lube oil Let system warm up
Speed Bearing problem Replace turbocharger
Carbon build-up Replace turbocharger
6M Engine Control Air leak in tube to manifold Replace or mend tube
Governor Malfunction Air sensor malfunction Replace governor
Load control pilot valve unbalanced Replace governor
at 0.344 in . with air OK
Binding fuel linkage Clean, free up and lubricate
*When Provided

XI-5
GEK-30150, SECTION XI, LOAD TESTING

TABLE XI-111, EXHAUST SMOKE ANALYSIS

Item Indication Possible Cause Correction

1 Black Smoke Puffs One or more defective injectors Recondition or change the defective injector .
Fuel pump rack is stuck Free the rack or change the pump .
Fuel pump rack is set too high Locate the high rack and readjust .
Fuel pump rack is out of time Adjust timing .
Worn or damaged turbocharger Repair or replace turbocharger.
Broken or leaking manifold pipes Repair or replace the manifold.
Engine speed is bogging down Check the engine operation and circuits for
fault.
Turbocharger surging Inlet ports partially blocked or turbocharger
misassembled (nozzle ring and diffuser). M
N
a
Clean cylinder inlet ports if dirty. N
Turbocharger rotor is stuck Replace turbocharger . w

2 White Smoke Puffs Fuel pump is out of time Adjust timing .

Cylinder with valves burned or stuck Replace cylinder . X
w
open J
m
Engine is too cold Wait until engine warms up .
Cylinder with low compression Replace cylinder .
Fuel system is air bound Bleed the fuel system .

3 Blue Smoke and Oil Failed turbocharger bearings and seals Replace turbocharger .
Out the Stack Worn or broken piston rings Replace rings.
Cracked piston crown Replace piston and rings.
Scored liner Replace cylinder and rings .
Prolonged operation at IDLE Load engine and condition should clear up .

4 Steady Smoke Worn or leaking injectors Change injectors.

Late pump timing on all cylinders Time the injection pumps.
5 Water Out Stack Cylinder seal leaks or cracked Locate and correct.
turbocharger
6 "Blow" in Exhaust Broken exhaust manifold section Repair or replace manifold or manifold
System section.
Valve tappet clearance is insufficient Readjust valve tappets.
Cylinder valve is stuck open Replace cylinder .
Cylinder valve seat is "guttered" Replace cylinder .

Part No .
WARNING : To protect against fatal injury from
electrical shock, DO NOT proceed with load test until
Ammeter with calibrated shunt . . . . . . . . . . . 0-6000 adc
both the frame of the loading device and the
(If meter on loading device not accurate)
locomotive are properly grounded.
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-1500 vdc
TEST EQUIPMENT AND SPECIAL TOOLS (If meter on loading device not accurate)
Part No .
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-150 vdc
Loading device with connecting cables and meters,
recently calibrated to 1/4 percent accuracy ; Tachometer, 0-1500 rpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2X2795
either a Loading Unit like an EM99 or a
water box arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5EM99DI Overspeed Test Lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147X2016

XI-6
 LOAD TESTING, SECTION XI, GEK-30150

10 l I
818-7 B18-)A I
1400
ALTER ATOR RECTIFIER ALT RNAT R-RECTIFI R
9 CHA ACTE ISTI CUR ES

8 1200 ""

6 1
> 7 U

o x6
IMS
~ 1000
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-\ 0

5
4
- 1 p
800

~, 600
N 4 I
NS
N
M
N
N >
3
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X ~\
11
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=1 :
200

a 0 1
~~
2 3 4
I11111
5 6 7 8 9
o 0
~
1000 2000
~~ii~~
3000 4000 5000

ACCR METER READING, 600 A/V OUTPUT CURRENT - D C AMPERES

AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A B18-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS

DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0.76 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 4 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
8 2.17 6.60 4.29 1300 990 1285 1815
7 1 .93 5.87 3.40 1160 880 1020 1440
6 1 .77 5.37 2.84 1060 805 855 1205
5 1 .49 4.53 2.03 895 680 610 860
4 1 .22 3.70 1 .35 730 555 405 570
3 0.93 2.83 0 .79 560 425 240 335
2 0.60 1 .83 0.33 360 275 100 140
1 0.38 1 .13 0 .13 225 170 40 55

FIG. XI-7 . SELF LOADING A B18-7 .

PREPARATIONS FOR TEST keeps compressor from loading, which would cause
extra load on the engine .
1 . Chock or block the wheels during test to prevent
possible locomotive movement . 4. Load Test connections -- refer to the locomotive
Schematic and Connection Diagrams .
2. Disable the Power Matching feature during the load
test (if locomotive is so equipped) by lifting wire a. Disconnect all the traction motor cables at the
from Terminal L and applying jumper between positive terminal at the power rectifier panels . Do
Terminals EXP-L and EXP-M on FL138 excitation not disconnect the small control wire, GA, since
panel . it is required to control the excitation system .
3 . If desired to unload air compressor for duration of Connect the positive cables of the loading device
test, jumper +75 vdc to coil of magnet valve. This in place of the motor cables just removed,

XI-7
GEK-30150, SECTION XI, LOAD TESTING

10

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AN
B23-7 1 ~~,,~~jj ~"~IOR-R CTIFI R

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-; i RISTI CU ES
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8 1200

7
0 1000
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6 w I I

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0 800
0
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
0 1000
NOUN
2000 3000 4000 5000

ACCR METER READING, 600 A/V OUTPUT CURRENT - D-C AMPERES

AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A B23-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS

DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0.76 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 4 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
8 2.52 7.37 5.57 1515 1105 1672 2360
7 2.13 6.50 4.17 1280 975 1250 1765
6 1 .98 6.00 3.55 1185 900 1065 1505
5 1 .66 5.03 2.50 995 755 750 1060
4 1 .35 4.10 1 .65 810 615 495 705
3 1 .01 3.07 0.93 605 460 280 395
2 0.68 2.07 0.42 410 310 125 180
1 0.43 1 .30 0.24 260 195 50 70

FIG. XI-8 . SELF LOADING A 1323-7 .

Fig . XI-16. Assure the load test cables are of b. Disconnect and insulate all the traction motor
sufficient size to safely handle the maximum load cables at the current reactor, ACCR in the lower
current used in the test . Thoroughly insulate the compartment, Fig . XI-17 . All load current must
cable lugs removed above so no contact can be pass through ACCR during the test. Do not
made at anytime during the test. disconnect the small GN wire from the load test
NOTE : When connecting cable or wire lugs, be sure circuit . Connect the negative cables of the
the lugs have flat, clean mating surfaces and be sure loading device to the negative end of the reactor,
the correct size and quantity of hardware is used to to assure the load current passes thru the reactor
properly make the connection . Apply joint during the load test. Include a current-measuring
compound (T&B M-53, No. 21059 or GE shunt in the negative cables to the loading device
41A204944P1). This will prevent "hot spots" at the if an accurate loadmeter is not built into the
connections and prevent loss ofpower. loading unit.

XI- 8
 LOAD TESTING, SECTION XI, GEK-30150

10

C23-7 1400 ". ~- -

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12001 ME_ '

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W

X 12, 
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00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
HP no_101101011111
1000 2000 3000 0000 5000

ACCR METER READING, 600 A/V OUTPUT CURRENT - DC AMPERES

AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A C23-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS

DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0.76 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 4 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
8 2.43 7 .40 5.40 1460 1110 1620 2285
7 2.15 6.53 4.21 1290 980 1264 1785
6 1 .97 6.00 3.56 1185 900 1065 1505
5 1 .64 5.00 3.48 750 740 1045
4 1 .36 4.13 1 .68 620 505 715
3 1 .03 3.13 0.97 470 290 410
2 0.68 2.06 0.59 310 125 180
1 0.44 1 .33 0.18 2265 - 200 55 75

FIG. XI-9 . SELF LOADING A C23-7.

NOTE : it is important that all meters used in

WARNING : Proper precautions must be taken to load-testing be accurate and calibrated quarterly . The
protect personnel from possible contact with the accuracy of the meter calibration will determine the
high-voltage meter wiring . Suggest all meters be precision of the horsepower calculation . Digital-type
enclosed in a large box with clear plastic protective meters are recommended, due to their retention of
cover. calibration ; however, do not apply them at voltages in
excess of their rating, and always unplug them from
c. If there is no accurate voltmeter in the loading
wayside charging during usage.
device, connect a 0-1500 vdc voltmeter across the
power rectifiers at Terminals GA to GN . It is
important the cables to and from the loading d. Connect a 0-150 vdc voltmeter at the Reverse
device be of sufficient size and quantity to keep Current Diode Panel, 17FM203, from cathode
the voltage drop thru the cables at a minimum . side to 4 wire (or N wire) of the battery-charging

XI-9
GEK-30150, SECTION X1, LOAD TESTING

10

R28-7 1400 I 'I L 828-

ALTER ATOR RECTI IER 1 ALT RNA R-
=8 NO CH
9 CHA ACTE ISTI CUR ES
i

LO D = .76 HMS
8 - - 1200 F
I

7 h
o 1000

6 1 -~

0 800
-

I~
5
w :1 2805 HP
Q
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110
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w 4 k
, 600 V
HP

"1MEN Nil M
N

013 1111
3
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:
, `1 400
f ~ 1 W
1 1 O

101\X1111111/
1 .

200
. 1 ,
0 0 .. ' HP 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

ACCR METER READING, 600 AN OUTPUT CURRENT - DC AMPERES

AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A B28-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS

DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0.76 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 4 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
__ _
8 2 .69 8.1 6.57 1610 1225 1970_ 2785_
7 2.41 7 .33 5.30 1445 1100 1590 2245 1
6 2.10 6.40 4.05 1265 960 1215 1715
5 1 .83 5.57 3.06 1100 835 920 1295
4 1 .42 4.33 1 .85 855 650 555 785
3 1 .10 3.33 1 .10 660 500 330 465
2 0.77 2 .33 0.54 460 350 161 225
1 0.47 1 .43 0.20 285 215 60 85

FIG . XI-10 . SELF LOADING A 1328-7 .

circuit . This meter will read charging volts . Do f. Shut off air supply to NS-1 Control Air reducing
not attempt to read battery volts across the valve . Drain control air reservoir to prevent any
blades of the battery switch or across the possible operation of contactors during the test
voltage regulator . or remove and insulate the battery power wire,
EF, from the EC switch to the reverser and GR
e. Install a 0-1500 rpm tachometer-generator, Tool
to GOLR interlock, to eliminate control power
2X2795, with matching digital meter, to the
from all the power contactors.
engine . Apply the tachometer-generator at the
1/2-in . pipe plug opening behind the overspeed 5 . If a corrected horsepower check is to be made,
governor, on the right side of the engine, measure the fuel temperature in the fuel line to the
Fig. XI-18 . engine (between the secondary fuel filter and the
NOTE : A hand tachometer with extension can be header) . Read the ambient air temperature and
used by applying it at the same location. barometric pressure just before and after horsepowe :

XI- 1 0
 AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A C28-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS
DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0.51 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 7 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
8 3.30 6.73 6.67 1980 1010 2000 2820
7 3.02 6 .17 5.60 1815 925 1680 2370
6 2.63 5.37 4.24 1580 805 1270 1795
5 2.29 4.67 3.20 1370 700 960 1355
4 1 .83 3.73 2.05 1100 560 615 870
3 1 .39 2.83 1 .18 835 425 355 500
2 0.98 2 .00 0.59 590 300 175 250
1 0.57 1 .17 0.20 345 175 60 85

FIG. XI-11 . SELF LOADING A C28-7.

check of the load test . If accurate barometer is not 2 . Check the level of the lubricating oil in the air
available, use the elevation of the test site . See compressor, traction generator gear unit and radiator
CALCULATING GROSS ENGINE OUTPUT in Load fan gear unit .
Testing Instructions under Section ET-2 of
Maintenance Manuals . 3 . Check the fuel linkage system on the engine to see
that it is properly lubricated and operates freely . Also
check output pressure of the fuel oil pump . It should
Power Plant Operation be 40 psi .

1 . Check the engine for proper level of cooling water, 4 . Check all rotating apparatus for loose or broken
lubricating oil, fuel oil and governor oil, so the load brushes and any foreign material . Correct any
test can be completed without stopping . unsatisfactory condition found, before proceeding .

XI-11
 ACCR METER READING, 600 A/V OUTPUT CURRENT - DC AMPERES

AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A B30-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS

DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0 .76 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER

. .0 1280 2125 3000

7 2 .48 7 .53 . 9 1485 1130 1680 2370
6 2 .17 . .0 00 990 1285 1815
1 .88 5 .70 3 .21 1125 855 95 .0 1355
4 1 .50 4 .57 2 .06 900 685 1 615 870
9 .:
080 480 365 175 245
0 .. 1 .50 0 .22 295 225 65 95

FIG . XI-12 . SELF LOADING A 1330-7 .

5 . Check that no warning devices are tripped, such as the 7 . Start the engine . If the engine has been overhauled,
engine air filter indicator . Remove the air supply hose follow the break-in procedure as listed in publication
" " " ."- 1 " D- " - .''1 found in Section DE-15 of Maintenance Manuals .
Link under engine control governor) at the device, Check for system leaks or any sign of distress . Correct
and plug the hose fitting. any faults before proceeding .

6 . Preset the loading device so the highest resistance is in

the circuit prior to starting the engine . Then check 8 . Turn off all nonessential auxiliary loads like lights,
loading 1' OPEN
EN electric cab heaters and water coolers ; also batteries
1 1 rain on the are to be fully charged . Derater link must not be
.. "' 1 ""
 AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A C30-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS
DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0 .51 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE_ RIGHT CURVE - ,
ACCR 'T VCR T POWER CURRENTPLTAGE POWER POWER
AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 4
8 3 .38 6 .90 7 .00 2050 1035 2125 3000
7 - 3 .0 9 6 .30 - - 5 .84 18 5 5 945 1755 2475
6 2 .68 _5_47 4 .40 1610 820 __'__ 3201865
2 .32 - ~ 4 . 73_ 3 .29 __ 1390 710 985 1390
~45 _
1 .88 3 .83 2 .16 1125_ 575 ~- 64_5 915
380 3 1 .44 2 .93_ .27 865 _ 1 44 0 i 535
- 2
590 0 .98-- 2 .00 0 .59 - 3 00 - -175 - 250 _
_ - 0 .60 - - 1 .-23- . L- 0 .22 365 18 5 -~ 70 95

FIG . XI-13 . SELF LOADING A C30-7 .

9. Check Power Limit switch on operator's console to be FH-23, and turn the adjustment screw to obtain proper
sure it is in the NORMAL (Notch 8), NOT the voltage ; then, again tighten the locknut.
NOTCH 7 position .
Engine Speed Check
Voltage Regulator Check
Before proceeding with the load test, check the voltage Run the engine in Notch 3 or 4 until the water
regulator for proper regulation at between 73 .5 and temperature is 65 C (150 F) or above. Check the engine for
74 .5 volts at both IDLE and FULL engine speeds . Read the proper crankshaft speeds in all notches, and refer to the
voltmeter installed in the battery-charging circuit. Engine Control Governor instructions if any adjustment is
If correction is needed, loosen the locknut on the necessary. The tachometer should read 1553-1568 rpm for
potentiometer on face of regulator panel, either FH-20 or a 1045-1050 rpm engine speed .

XI-13
 AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A B36-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS
DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0 .57 OHMS RESISTANCE .

LEFT CURVE ABOVE RIGHT CURVE ABOVE

ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD7 CARD7 CARD4 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP P

8 3 .53 8 .07 8 .57 2120 1210 2565 3620

7 3 .23 7 .37 7 .15 1940 1105 2145 3025
6 2 .81 6 .40 5 .40 1685 960 1620 2285
5 2 .42 5 .53 4 .03 1455 830 1210 1705
4 1 .96 4 .47 2 .63 1175 670 790 1110
3 1 .52 3 .47 1 .58 915 520 475 670
2 1 .02 2 .33 0 .72 615 350 215 305
1 0 .58 1 .33 0 .23 350 200 70 100

FIG . XI-14. SELF LOADING A B36-7 .

Engine Overspeed Check This extends the racks and increases the engine speed. When
the trip point of the overspeed governor is reached, it
With the engine heated to normal operating temperature, dumps the oil pressure to the link . The link is then
run it in IDLE and no-load. Place the special overspeed test permitted to extend and return the racks to the shutdown
lever tool, 147X2016, under the outer cup of the overspeed position . Read the engine speed on the digital meter at the
link, Fig. XI-19 . The recess on the back fits over the head moment the overspeed link extends.
of the clamp bolt of the fuel arm connected to the bottom
of the link . This is the pivot point for the test lever . LOAD TESTING

Press down on the end of the tool to raise both the NOTE : Load Test according to local railroad safety
overspeed link and the governor power piston output shaft. regulations.

XI-14
 AVERAGE READINGS FOR SELF LOADING A C36-7 LOCOMOTIVE ON ITS
DYNAMIC BRAKING GRIDS OF 0.51 OHMS RESISTANCE .
LEFT CURVE RIGHT CURVE
ACCR VCR POWER CURRENT VOLTAGE POWER POWER
NOTCH CARD 7 CARD 7 CARD 4 AMPERES VOLTS KW HP
8 3.76 7 .67 8 .65 2255 1150 2595 3660
7 3.40 6.93 7 .07 2040 1040 2120 2990
6 2.96 6.03 5.37 1775 905 1610 2275
5 2.57 5.23 _ 4.03 1540 785 1210 1710
4 2.09 4 .27__ 2.68 1255 640 805 1135
3 1 .62 3.30 __ 1 .60 970 495 480 680
2 1 .08 2.20 0.72 650 330 215 305
1 0.63 1 .30 0 .25 380 195 75 105

FIG. XI-15 . SELF LOADING A C36-7.

Open-Circuit Voltage Check 2. Set the loading device on OPEN CIRCUIT.
With the engine at normal operating temperature, above 3_ Close the Control circuit breaker on the EC panel, and
65 C (150 F), proceed as follows: move the Throttle handle to Notch 4. Observe that
1 . Move the Braking handle to OFF, and the Reverse the test voltmeter has been properly connected, giving
handle to FORWARD or REVERSE position . Move a positive reading. This step checks the voltage at a
EC (Engine Control) switch to RUN, then close the lower notch to assure the excitation system is
GF circuit breaker . operating properly and that it will not produce an
excessive voltage in Notch 8 which could severely
WARNING : Electric shock can cause serious or damage the equipment.
fatal injury . To avoid such injury, personnel must
observe proper precautions. 4. Gradually advance the Throttle handle to Notch 8
while checking the open-circuit voltage for each

XI-15
 notch . Never allow the voltage to exceed that given at
No-Load on the Characteristic Curve, Figs. XI-24 thru
XI-32. A small change in the open-circuit Notch 8
voltage can be made by resetting the VL (third
potentiometer under right end cover of the CHEC
panel). Otherwise proceed to the Current Limit
Check, making any required adjustment to CL8
(Potentiometer 4), then repeat the open-circuit volt-
age check .

5. With the air compressor running unloaded, read the

voltmeter across the power rectifiers. The open-circuit
voltage should plot between the limits shown on the
appropriate Characteristic Curve . This is at the zero
current, or the left end, of the curve. See
Figs. XI-24 thru XI-32 for the proper model of
locomotive being tested .

6. Return the Throttle handle to the IDLE position.

Current Limit Check

1 . With loading unit set for minimum resistance, advance

the Throttle handle to Notch 4. With the air

FIG. XI-17 . SUBSTITUTION OF LOADING CABLES AT NEGATIVE TERMINAL ON ACCR .

 LOAD TESTING, SECTION XI, GEK-30150

and plot the point on the nearly vertical right end of

the curve . The point should fall between the curve
limits, in line with the point plotted for Notch 4 and
the origin, or left corner, of the curve .

3 . If an adjustment is required, adjust the rheostat to

give a current value which will fall within the limits of
the curve and on the resistance line being used . This
line should cross the curve somewhere below the
lower right "corner point ." Check that the LCP (Load
Control Potentiometer) brush arm on the engine
control governor is operating at the 5 :30 o'clock or
"Max . Field" position .

4 . Return the Throttle handle to the IDLE position .

5 . If the rheostat was adjusted, repeat the open-circuit

voltage check to determine it is still within the curve
limits, since any adjustment may have changed the
FIG. XI-18. MEASURING ENGINE SPEED AT envelope or size of the whole curve .
TACHOMETER DRIVE FITTING ON
GOVERNOR DRIVE GEAR BOX.
Output Curve Check
compressor running unloaded, take voltage and
current readings and plot the point on the appropriate NOTE : The curved portion of the Load Curves is
load curve, Figs . XI-24 thru XI-32 . the constant horsepower section, and the resistance
steps on the loading device must be selected to get
CAUTION : Do not hold high current loads any points in this section .
longer than necessary to protect the equipment
against possible high temperature damage developed Select a resistance step on the loading device, move the
by the high current. Throttle handle to Notch 8, plot the point on the
appropriate curve then return the handle to IDLE .
2 . Gradually advance the Throttle handle to Notch 8,
while watching the ammeter to be sure the limit Make another selection of resistance on the loading unit
shown on the curve is not overrun . Read the meters and repeat . Thus, a number of points can be checked in this
manner, however, only at the resistance values available on
the loading device being used .

CAUTION : Do not hold high-current loads any

longer than necessary to protect the equipment
against possible damage due to high temperatures
developed by the high current .

Refer to FL138 excitation panel instructions for

additional information on the proper operation of the LCP
(Load Control Potentiometer) in the engine control
governor . With near standard test conditions the indicator
should not go to less than about 4 :30 o'clock (from the
"Max . Field" position of 5 :30) at any time during the
horsepower curve check . If it does go to a lower value, refer
to the excitation panel instructions for possible causes and
corrections.

The curves, Figs . XI-24 thru XI-32, are based on standard

L
FIG . XI-19. INCREASING ENGINE SPEED WITH 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 engine speeds, with Power Matching
SPECIAL OVERSPEED TEST LEVER TOOL . disconnected . Also the Steps 1-10 resistance lines are for an

XI-17
GEK-30150, SECTION XI, LOAD TESTING

EM99 Loading Unit . Other resistances can be used and Power Matching is also known as Performance Control as
values plotted on same curves if found necessary to load on applied on competitors locomotives .
some other device . The EM99 step resistances are given in
heading of table for each curve, Figs . XI-24 thru XI-32. A periodic survey should be conducted of all locomotives
working together in a given territory to determine if there
SETTING POWER MATCHING has been a change in the restriction on all pooled power. It
could allow the amount of Power Matching to be adjusted
Description to utilize more of the available power (or eliminate Power
Matching altogether) on each locomotive, at the lower
The Power Match feature is required to protect the speeds .
traction motors of some locomotives, when working in As an example of the application of Power Matching,
multiple with older units, to prevent damage to or reduce
assume Locomotive No. I is an older unit with a
the life of the motors . This feature works during the first
continuous rating Point C1 on Speed-Tractive Effort Curve,
step of transition, being bypassed in any others . Thus only
Fig. XI-20-A . A second, higher horsepower Locomotive
high current or slow speed operation of the locomotive is
No . 2 with a different continuous rating point, C2, is shown
modified .
on the same curve . Since the two locomotives are coupled
If all locomotives dispatched in a consist were of the together they must pull the train at the same speed and
same model, with same gearing and wheel size or have without Power Matching No . 2 would normally operate at
corresponding short-time ratings, Power Matching would Point A when Locomotive No . 1 is at continuous rating .
not be necessary. However a consist of locomotives is This is at a current exceeding its continuous current
seldom made up of units with similar ratings, whether of rating . When transposed to the Alternator-Rectifier Charac-
the same manufacturer or of different manufacturers . teristic Curves, Fig. XI-20-B, the Points A, CI and C2
might be located as in Fig. XI-20-C.
Any locomotive operating continuously or for long
periods of time at a speed lower than its CONTINUOUS
Point B is determined at the same speed as C1 but the
RATING, needs this feature as a protective device . Unless
same tractive effort (same current for like motors and
the high horsepower locomotive is the lead unit (the one
gearings ) as C2 . It transposes as a point on a reduced
the operating crew is riding) the crew is unaware of traction
horsepower output curve of Fig. XI-20-D, say 3000 hp .
motor overloading until it slips or smokes excessively . The
During train acceleration the Power Matching on
crew may be watching a loadmeter with much less
Locomotive No . 2 would then cut in at D, follow the
restrictive time limits .
reduced output curve to B, then transfer back to the full
NOTE : Normally locomotives with this protection horsepower curve at C2, continuing along that curve.
are derated, with a corresponding loss in available Remember this reduction is not made after transition when
horsepower for train starting and slow speed coming back along the full horsepower curve the next time .
operation. This applies even when operating alone or
Point C2 is referred to as the KNEE and line B-D as the
with others of the same model. The settings for Power
LEVEL for setting Power Matching, Fig. XI-22 .
Matching are variable. Thus it is important to have it
readjusted whenever the type of locomotives causing
Adjusting Power Matching
the problem and determining the setting are
transferred to another territory or retired from
The CHEC excitation panel, FL138, has two adjustments
service.
for Power Matching located under the high voltage cover at
When properly set, Power Matching will protect the the right end of the panel along with six other
traction motors from overheating their insulation and thus panel-mounted 20-turn potentiometers. The lower two
shortening their useful life . It reduces the current thru the potentiometers, Numbers 7 and 8, set the KNEE and the
motors to be compatible with the ratings of the motors on LEVEL for Power Matching . All adjustments are done with
the other locomotives operating in multiple with it . a very small insulated screwdriver, Fig. XI-21 .

NOTE : Do not confuse Power Matching with Power See Fig. XI-22 for details on adjustments . CW reduces
Limit. This is a Toggle switch on the operator's both settings while CCW increases them .
console with Notch 7 and NORMAL positions. It is
provided for use on the lead locomotive to condition There are no standard settings for Power Matching. Each
the rail for the trailing locomotives, permitting a railroad determines the proper setting for each type
higher average of tractive effort over the grades and locomotive in each territory . Be sure to follow the latest
thus a higher speed than otherwise possible. railroad instruction when checking or changing the setting.

XI-18
FIG . XI-20- DETERMINING SETTINGS FOR POWER MATCHING .

XI- 1 9
I I
FIG. XI-21 . ADJUSTMENT OF POWER
MATCHING KNEE .

Procedure for Setting Power Matching

While connected to the loading unit, activate the Power

Matching feature by removing the jumper between
Terminals EXP-L and EXP-M on the FL138 CHEC
excitation panel .
FIG . XI-23. SETTING POWER MATCHING WHILE ON
AN EM99 LOADING UNIT .
Set the loading unit on any of the steps for which the
resistance line will cross either the D-B or B-C2 line as on NOTE : When an adjustment is made along one
Fig . XI-23 . Then gradually increase the Throttle handle to resistance line, check it along the other lines.
Notch 8 . Read the voltage and current . These should plot
on the Characteristic Curve at the intersection of the Power Once the KNEE and LEVEL have been properly set and
Matching lines and the Step resistance lines. If not, the recorded, the test equipment can be removed and
LEVEL or the KNEE should be adjusted . locomotive made ready for revenue service .

RESTORING LOCOMOTIVE
FOR SERVICE

1 . Remove all test equipment .

2 . Disconnect all external wires and cables .

3 . Restore all circuits back to normal, including Power

Matching if applied .

4 . Open NS-1 reducing valve and close the control air

drain cock if previously set to prevent locomotive
movement . Restore air compressor control to normal .

5 . Replace all covers and plugs in their proper location .

FIG. XI-22 . P7 KNEE AND P8 LEVEL 6 . Remove chocks or blocks used to prevent locomotive
ADJUSTMENT DETAILS. movement .
 AVERAGE METER READINGS USING EM99 LOADING UNIT
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
0.970 Ohm 0.546 Ohm 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm 0.290 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 1145 1110 1540 840 1620 785 1915 665 2085 605
7 1015 985 1365 745 1435 695 1700 590 1860 540
6 930 900 1245 680 1320 640 1555 540 1705 495
5 785 760 1055 575 1105 535 1310 455 1430 415
4 640 620 860 470 905 440 1080 375 1170 340
3 490 475 660 360 700 340 835 290 915 265
2 310 300 440 240 475 230 560 195 620 180
1 195 190 275 150 290 140 345 120 380 110

Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

0.242 Ohm 0.134 Ohm 0.121 Ohm 0.110 Ohm 0.052 Ohm
Notch Amps. Volts Amps . Volts Amps. Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 2295 555 3020 405 3180 385 3320 365 3655 190
7 2045 495 2725 365 2850 345 3000 330 3365 175
6 1860 450 2465 330 2605 315 2730 300 3175 165
5 1570 380 2125 285 2235 270 2320 255 2885 150
4 1300 315 1715 230 1820 220 1910 210 2500 130
3 1010 245 1345 180 1405 170 1455 160 2020 105
2 680 165 935 125 990 120 1000 110 1440 75
1 415 100 560 75 580 70 590 65 675 35

FIG. XI-24. LOADING B18-7 ON EM99 LOADING UNIT .

XI-21
 Step 1
0 .970 Ohm
"
1

1 1 11 "1
,1 11 ' 1

.1 1

1 "1 '1 ' 1

-. 1
11

1,1 " 1 "1 " 1

:11 1"1 " 1
"1 1 1 . '1

1 1
"1 1
 AVERAGE METER READINGS USING EM99 LOADING UNIT
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
0.970 Ohm 0.546 Ohm 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm 0.290 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 1250 1210 1720 940 1815 880 2145 745 2345 680
7 1140 1105 1520 830 1610 780 1915 665 2105 610
6 1050 1020 1400 765 1475 715 1745 605 1895 550
5 875 850 1180 645 1250 605 1485 515 1640 475
4 710 690 960 525 1020 495 1225 425 1345 390
3 545 530 725 395 765 370 920 320 1015 295
2 360 350 520 285 525 255 635 220 705 205
1 210 205 310 170 330 160 405 140 395 115

Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

0.242 Ohm 0.134 Ohm 0.121 Ohm 0.110 Ohm 0.052 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 2560 620 3395 455 3555 430 3730 410 4810 250
7 2295 555 3060 410 3225 390 3365 370 4425 230
6 2085 505 2875 385 2935 355 3045 335 4135 215
5 1795 435 2425 325 2520 305 2635 290 3655 190
4 1465 355 2015 270 2065 250 2180 240 3075 160
3 1115 270 1495 200 1570 190 1680 185 2405 125
2 785 190 1045 140 1075 130 1180 130 1635 85
1 475 115 635 85 660 80 680 75 865 45

FIG. XI-26 . LOADING C23-7 ON EM99 LOADING UNIT .

XI-23
 AVERAGE METER READINGS USING EM99 LOADING UNIT
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step s
0.970 Ohm 0.546 Ohm 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm 0.290 Ohm
Notch Am ps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 1340 1300 1925 1050 1990 965 2375 825 2585 750
7 1250 1215 1730 945 1825 885 2160 750 2380 690
6 1140 1105 1500 820 1590 770 1875 650 2050 595
5 985 955 1320 720 1390 675 1645 570 1795 520
4 770 745 860 570 1105 535 1325 460 1450 420
3
2--
1
r580
-4-10
225
565
400
220
795
550
350
435
300
190
845
600
370
410
290
180
1010
705
445
350
245
155
1120
775
485
325
225
140

Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

0.242 Ohm 0.134 Ohm 0.121 Ohm 0.110 Ohm 0.052 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 2810 680 3655 490 3635 440 3635 400 3655 190
7 2605 630 3395 455 3390 410 3365 370 3365 175
6 2250 545 3060 410 3180 385 3180 350 3270 170
5 1985 480 2650 355 2770 335 2865 315 2885 150
4 1610 390 2165 290 2270 275 2365 260 2500 130
3 1240 300 1715 230 1820 220 1865 205 2115 110
2 850 205 1195 160 1240 150 1090 120 1345 70
1 540 130 670 90 660 80 635 70 770 40~

FIG. XI-27 . LOADING B28-7 ON EM99 LOADING UNIT .

XI 24
 IIIwl
~ " .
Step 3 Step 4
Wo
, 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm

1320
1060
795

Step 9 Step 10
~0.[01572 O' T
.7 ~
 Step 1 Step 4
0 .970 Ohm , - . o ~M " o 0 .347

Step 8 Step 10
0 .052 O 'Ti'
 AVERAGE METER READINGS USING EM99 LOADING UNIT
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
0.970 Ohm 0.546 Ohm 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm 0.290 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 1170 1135 1985 1085 2080 1010 2480 860 2690 780
7 1075 1045 1575 860 1650 800 1960 680 2140 620
6 945 915 1265 690 1320 640 1570 545 1705 495
5 760 740 1015 555 1070 520 1285 445 1380 400
4 590 575 795 435 845 410 1010 350 1105 320
3 485 470 650 355 690 335 820 285 895 260
2 400 390 530 290 555 270 665 230 725 210
1 175 170 310 170 350 170 445 155 480 140

Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

0.242 Ohm 0.134 Ohm 0.121 Ohm 0.110 Ohm 0.052 Ohm
Notch Amps. Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 2955 715 3920 525 4050 490 4270 470 4810 250
7 2355 570 3170 425 3305 400 3545 390 4515 235
6 1880 455 2535 340 2645 320 2775 305 4040 210
5 1530 370 2050 275 2150 260 2225 245 3270 170
4 1200 290 1640 220 1695 205 1775 195 2595 135
3 990 240 1345 180 1365 165 1455 160 2115 110
2 805 _19_5 1080 145 1115 135 1180 130 1730 90
1 i 540 T 130 745 100 745 90 775 85 865 45

FIG. XI-30. LOADING C30-7 ON EM99 LOADING UNIT .

XI-27
 AVERAGE METER READINGS USING EM99 LOADING UNIT
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
0.970 Ohm 0.546 Ohm 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm 0.290 Ohm
Notch Amps. Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 1410 1370 2180 1190 2310 1120 2725 945 2965 860
7 1315 1275 1990 1085 2095 1015 2480 860 2690 780
6 1225 1190 1730 945 1825 885 2160 750 2380 690
5 1110 1075 1490 815 1580 765 1875 650 2050 595
4 895 870 1210 660 1280 620 1525 530 1670 485
3 690 670 935 510 990 480 1180 410 1275 370
2 470 455 630 345 670 325 790 275 860 250
1 260 250 365 200 380 185 460 160 485 140

Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

0.242 Ohm 0.134 Ohm 0.121 Ohm 0.110 Ohm 0.052 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 3265 790 4105 550 4010 485 4000 440 4040 210
7 2955 715 3880 520 3800 460 3820 420 3845 200
6 2605 630 3510 470 3555 430 3545 390 3560 185
5 2250 545 3020 405 3140 380 3180 350 3175 165
4 1840 445 2465 330 2560 310 2725 300 2790 145
3 1405 340 1940 260 1985 240 2090 230 2305 120
2 950 230 1345 180_ 1365 165 1455 160 1540 80
1-~ 535 130 745 100 745 90 725 80 T 770 40

FIG . XI-31 . LOADING B36-7 ON EM99 LOADING UNIT .

 AVERAGE METER READINGS USING EM99 LOADING UNIT
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step s
0.970 Ohm 0.546 Ohm 0.485 Ohm 0.347 Ohm 0 .290 Ohm
Notch Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 1390 1350 2190 1195 2310 1120 2740 950 2960 860
7 1300 1260 1980 1085 2090 1015 2480 860 2700 780
6 1215 1180 1720 940 1820 880 2160 750 2360 685
5 1100 1080 1480 810 1580 760 1870 650 2050 595
4 885 860 1200 660 1280 620 1530 530 1670 485
3 680 660 930 510 1000 485 1170 405 1290 375
2 465 450 610 335 660 320 780 270 860 250
1 260 250 350 190 370 180 450 155 500 145

Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

0.242 Ohm 0.134 Ohm 0.121 Ohm 0.110 Ohm 0.052 Ohm
Notch Amps. Volts Amps. Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts Amps . Volts
8 3230 780 4300 575 4540 550 4730 520 4880 255
7 2950 715 3950 530 4140 500 4350 480 4570 238
6 2590 625 3500 470 3660 445 3870 425 4300 220
5 2240 540 3000 400 3160 380 3330 365 3900 200
4 1820 440 2470 330 2600 315 2740 300 3400 175
3 1400 340 1900 255 2020 245 2150 235 2800 145
2 950 230 1300 175 1360 165 1430 158 1900 98
1 540 130 740 100 - 780 95 820 90 900 46

FIG. XI-32. LOADING C36-7 ON EM99 LOADING UNIT .

XI-29