qName Class Gram rxn, morph, char TSI rxn Medium Colonies Diseases caused Virulence factors, Lab Dx

toxins and enzymes

Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus (+) cocci in clusters, ANY , BA Small, circular, raised, opaque, smooth, entire SSSS or Ritter’s; Staph Hemolysins; Gram stained
nonmotile, facultative edges, soft, hemolytic food poisoning; Cutaneou leukocidin; exfoliative smear; culture BA;
anaerobes, beta-hemolytic infxns (impetigo, toxins; pyrogenic coagulase test;
folliculitis, furuncle, toxin; enterotoxin bacteriphage typing
carbuncle, wound infxns, Coagulase (bound and (best method)
infected pimples); otitis free); catalase;
media; sinusitis; hyaluronidasel;
bacteremia; endocarditis; staphylokinase; lipase;
osteomyelitis; septic penicillinase
arthritis; brain abscess;
toxic shock syndrome
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A strep (+) cocci in chain, BA Pharyngitis (leading Capsule; M protein Gram-stained
nonmotile, facultative cause of bacterial (anti-phagocytic, smear; culture BA;
anaerobes, beta-hemolytic pharyngitis); scarlet major virulence bacitracin
fever (erythrogenic factor); lipoteichoic sensitivity; ASO
toxin); pyoderma (skin acid (adherence to detection; Dick’s
infxn) (impeticgo, epithelials of mouth test for scarlet
cellulitis, erysipelas); and skin); fever; Schultz-
post-streptococcal dse; erythrogenic toxin; Charlton rxn
necrocitizing fasciculitis streptolysin S (O2
stable anti-formed
elements) and O (O2
labile antibodies are
formed);
streptokinase; DNAse;
hyaluronidase
Streptococcus agalactiae Group B strep (+) cocci in chain, beta- BA Large, mucoid colonies Neonatal meningitis;
hemolytic pneumonia; bacteremia;
post-partum sepsis
Streptococcus Diplococci. Non- (+), lancet-shaped or oval Droplets of oil and dome-shaped; checkerboard if Lobar pneumonia (most Capsule; pneumolysin Gram stained
pneumoniae lancefield diplococci; facultative old due to dome collapse common); sinusitis; otitis (RBC); neuramidase smears; culture BA;
anaerobes; media; meningitis; (spread to other capsule staining;
bacteremia tissues); protease Neufeld-Quellung
(anti-IgA) rxn (capsular
precipitation test);
Optochin sensitivity
test (difference
from other alpha-
hemolytic strep)
Neisseria meningitides Neisseriaceae (-) coffee bean-shaped CA not in NA; Small translucent, raised, moist, grayish white, Nasopharyngitis; Catalase; cytochrome Presumptive:
diplococci; facultative selective CM usu. Mucoid, with entire to lobate margins meningococcemia oxidase; capsule; pili; Microscopy;
anaerobes; glucose and (Thayer Martin) endotoxin(DIC); culture(chocolate
maltose fermenting protease agar); oxidase test
Definitive: CHO
fermenting
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseriaceae (-) coffee bean-shaped CA not in NA; Small translucent, raised, moist, grayish white, Gonorrhea; Disseminated Catalase; cytochrome Presumptive:
diplococci; facultative selective CM usu. Mucoid, with entire to lobate margins infxn (hematogenous; oxidase; piliated microscopy; culture;
anaerobes; glucose (Thayer Martin) dermatitis, arthritis, (virulent forms); oxidase test
fermenting meningitis and endotoxin; protease; Definitive: CHO
endocarditis); ophtalmia Beta-lactamase fermenting
neonatorum; gonococcal
 conjunctivits
Branhamella catarrhalis Neisseriaceae Norm inhabitant of URT NA May cause meningitis but
gen’lly nonpathogenic
Salmonella typhi Salmonella Motile due to peritrichous Alk/A Bismuth Sulfite Jet black colonies with metallic sheen Typhoid fever (Rose Capsular or Vi antigen; WBC count
flagella H2S Agar spots thing); may lead to ability to penetrate (Leukopenia due to
minimal severe intestinal epithelials; endotoxin bone marrow
hemorrhage; intestinal involvement);
perforation; cholecystitis; culture; biochemical
pneumonia; psychosis tests; Agglutination
test- WIDAL test
Shigella dysenteriae Shigella Nonmotile Alk/A Salmonella Colorless, translucent Dysentery Exotoxin(enterotoxic, Culture, serotyping
shigella agar neurotoxic, cytotoxic);
entero-invasiveness
Escherichia coli Opportunistic Facultative anaerobe A/AG Eosin Methylene Dark colored coloonies with metallic sheen UTI; Gram (-) septicemia; Surface antigens Culture
Enterobacteriaceae Blue agar neonatal meningitis; (capsule and pili);
infantile diarrhea; enterotoxins (heat
pneumonia; wound infxn; labile and stable)
nosocomial infxn
Klebsiella pneumoniae Opportunistic Nonmontile A/A Eosin Methylene Large mucoid colored colonies, mucoid due to Pneumonia; UTI; wound Polysaccharide Culture; String test
(Friedlander’s bacillus) Enterobacterieceae Blue agar capsule infxn; meningitis capsule (+)
Enterobacter aerogenes Opportunistic Motile A/AG Eosin Methylene Fish-eyed colonies (dark center with pale UTI; endocarditis; Culture
Enterobacteriaceae Blue agar periphery) arthritis; osteomyelitis
Serratia marcescens Opportunistic Alk/AGas Eosin Methylene Colorless, translucent Nosocomial infections; Prodigiosin which Culture
Enterobacteriaceae variable Blue agar responsible for causes
pneumonia; septicemia; pseudohemoptysis
UTI and wound infection
Proteus vulgaris Opportunistic Motile with peritrichous Alk/AGas Eosin Methylene Colorless swarming colonies (due to flagella); thin UTI, pneumonia; Urease Culture; rapid
Enterobacteriaceae flagella variable Blue agar film of bacterial growth on agar surface septicemia; nosocomial urease test (+) in 2-
infection; 6 hours
“honeymooners disease”
Yersinia Yersinia (-) coccobacilli; motile at 22 CIN- Cefsulodin Bull’s eye (bright pink with red center colonies) Yersiniosis; Culture
pseudotuberculosis and degC but not at 37 degC irgasan gastroenteritis;
enterocolytica novobiocin complications of
septicemia and hepatic
abscess
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Other enteric (-) coccobacilli; motile due Alk/Alk Eosin Methylene Colorless, translucent colonies UTI; gastroenteritis; Polysaccharide slime Culture
to polar flagellum; Blue agar burns or wound layer; pili; oxidase
opportunistic organisms; infection; abscesses; Pyocyanin; pyoverdin
grape-like odor pneumonia; septicemia; Endotoxin; Exotoxin A
nosocomial infection
Citrobacter Other enteric Motile A/AG Eosin Methylene Greenish metallic sheen Urease Culture
with H2S Blue agar
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrionaceae Marine organisms; natural Gastroenteritis with
in fresh and sea water consumption of sea foods
Vibrio cholerae VIbrionaceae (-) comma-shaped bacilli; A/A TCBS (Thiosulfate Yellow colonies Cholera Oxidase; enterotoxin Characteristics
motile due to polar citrate bile salt known as choleragen stool; darkfield
flagellum; facultatively sucrose agar) examination;
anaerobiv; pH7.0 ideal and Culture; oxidase;
up to pH 9.5 string test
Campylobacter jejuni Spirillum (-) spirillum; S-shaped or Campylobacter Small or large, spreading, grayish waxy colonies Gastroenteritis Oxidase Culture; Gram test;
gull-wing; motile with blood agar motility (darkfield);
single or bipolar flagella; oxidase test
 microaerophilic
Helicobacter pylori/ Spirillum (-) spirillum; Campylobacter Small, translucent and circular Gastritis; peptic ulcer Urease; oxidase Culture; urease test;
Campylobacter pylori microaerophilic blood agar disease; gastric oxidase test
carcinoma;
Bordetella pertussis Bordetella (-) small bacilli or Bordet Gengou Pinpoint, smooth, convex, glistening, almost Pertussis Capsule; pertussis Culture; cough-plate
coccobacilli; nonmotile; medium (potato- transparent and pearl0like in appearance exotoxin; method; WBC count
non-sporeforming; bipolar glycerol blood “mercury-like” “leukemoid”
metachromatic staining medium)
with toluidine blue staining;
strict aerobes
Haemophilus infulenzae Haemophilus Smallest pathogen; (-) Chocolate agar  small and “dew drop” colonies with Meningitis; pneumonia; Capsule; protease Culture with
(influenza bacilli of coccobacilli; nonmotile; Levinthal mousy odor acute epiglottitis; enzyme different mediums
Pfeiffer) nonsporeforming; 2 medium  capsules produce iridiscence (gleaming cellulitis; bacteremia;
groups= sporeforming and Blood agar like a rainbow or Edward for that sinusitis and otitis media
nonsporeforming; aerobic matter)
or facultative anaerobe  Satellite phenomenon with Staph,
pneumococcus etc due to X and V
factors
Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus Requires only factor X; red CA Chancroid or soft chancre Culture and gram
bacilli in long strands that spreads only to staining of swabs
(school of red fish) inguinal lymph nodes from ulcer
from genitalia and
perianal areas
Haemophilus aegyptius Haemophilus Requires X and V factors Pink-eye disease
(Koch-Weeks bacillus)
Brucella melitensis; Brucella (-) bacilli or coccobacilli; melinensis- most Culture
abortus and suis nonmotile; invasive; undulant or
nonsporeforming; strict Malta fever in goats
aerobes abortus- Bang’s dse with
cattle
suis- abortion in hogs
in men: fever chills, aces,
depression and
nervousness
Yersinia pestis Yersinia (-) coccobacilli; nonmotile; Any media like Bubonic plague; Capsules; Culture; serologic
nonsporeforming; bipolar NA pulmonary plage; test
staining; “safety-pin septicemia
appearance”; facultative
anaerobe; best at 28 degC
Calymmatobacterium Calymmatobacter (-) pleomorphic rods STD called granuloma Capsules; Direct examination
granulomatis inguinale (ulcerating of biopsy material;
lesions of skin and stain with Giemsa or
mucosa of genitalia and Wright stain
inguinal areas)
Gardenerella vaginalis Gardenerella (-) pleomorphic rods Nonspecific urethritis; Direct smear of
vaginitis; STD genital secretions of
urine; gram
staining; characteric
microscopic
appearance “clue
cells”
Clostridium tetani Sporeforming anaerobes (+) sporeforming bacilli; Tetanus Exotoxin (neurotoxin
terminal spore with called tetanospasmin)
 drmstick appearance;
motile with peritrichous
flagella
Clostridium perfringens Sporeforming anaerobes Sporeforming (central or Food poisoning; gas Exotoxin (alpha-toxin)
(histotoxic clostridia) subterminal) gangrene (clostridial
myonecrosis)
Clostridium difficile Sporeforming anaerobes Cycloserine Yellow ground/round? Glass colonies Severe pseudomembrane Pseudomembrane Culture
Cefoxitin enterocolitis/diarrhea formation
Fructose Agar assoc. with admin of
antibiotics
Clostridium botulinum Sporeforming anaerobes Botulism Botulinum toxin Culture
Bacteroides fragilils Nonsporeforming (-) rods; nonsporeforming Blood agar Safety pin; slim Foul-smelling abscesses Collagenase; Protease; Culture
anaerobe and ulcers esp in bed Luparinase; DNAse;
sores Penicillinase
Corynebacterium Corynebacterium (+) nonsporeforming; Loeffler’s  minute, cream-colored colonies, slightly Diphtheria; myocarditis; Exotoxin; Smear; Culture;
diphtheriae (Kleb- nonmotile; bacilli; “Chinese medium elevated neuritis; kidney pseudomembrane ELEK plate method
Loeffler’s Bacillum) character-like”; beaded K tellurite blood  enhance pleomorphic appearance of problems production (toxin production
appearance due to agar organism with Loeffler test); Schick test
metachromatic granules;  production of 3 types of colonies
pleomorphic; ideal temp is (gravis, intermedius and mitis) with K
35 degC; range bet 28-40 tellurite
degC
Actinomyces israelii Actinomyces (+) rods with tendency to Actinomycosis
form chains or filaments;
facultative anaerobe
Nocardia asteroides Nocardia (+) nonsporeforming rods; Nocardiosis
which may produce
filaments; acid fast; aerobic
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Rickettsiae Small (-) coccobacilli; Scrub typhus from Wel0felix test
(Rickettsia oreintalis) pleomorphic; obligate chigger mite (agglutination test);
intracellular parasite formation of
“eschar”
pathognomonic sign
of scrub typhus
Chalmydia trachomatis Chlamydiae (-) ubiquitous; difficult to Trachoma; Inclusion
Gram stain; obligate conjunctivitis; Neonatal
intracellular organisms pneumonia; Genital tract
infections (nonspecific
urethritis and
lymphogranuloma
venereum); Reiter’s
syndrome
Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydiae (-) ubiquitous; difficult to Pulmonary infxn in man
Gram stain; obligate from parrots (ornithosis)
intracellular organisms
Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydiae Mild upper respiratory Throat swab;
infections and sputum,
pneumonia in young nasopharyngeal
adults with
bronchovascular
fluids
Mycobacterium Acid Fast Mycobacteria (+) slender acid fast bacilli, Lowenstein Small, rough, and dry colonies; “cauliflower Pulmonary and Direct smear;
tuberculosis nonmotile, Jensen medium growth” extrapulmonary culture; animal
 nonsporeforming, tuberculosis inoculation; niacin
nonencapsulated, beaded test; tuberculin test
appearance due to
metachromatic granules,
obligate aerobes
Mycobacterium bovis Acid Fast Mycobacteria Tuberculosis with
ingestion of milk or
anything to do with cows
Mycobacterium leprae Acid Fast Mycobacteria “pack of cigars” Footpads only of Leprosy “Hansen’s Smears; skin biopsy;
mice and disease” inoculation on
armadillo footpad of mice;
lepromin test
Mycoba terium kansasii Atypical mycobacteria With photochomogens Yellow to orange colonies in presence of light Human pulmonary
disease
Mycobacterium Atypical mycobacteria Scotochmogens Yellow to orange colonies in the dark Cervical lymphadenitis in
scrofulaceum children
Mycobacterium avium- Atypical mycobacteria Nonphotochromogens Either nonpigmented or produce light yellow Chronic pulmonary Niacin (-)
intracellulare complex colonies that do not change with exposure to light disease; commonly
affecting patients with
AIDS
Mycobacterium fortuitum Atypical mycobacteria Rapid grower Pigmented or nonpigmented colonies Skin abscesses and
pulmonary disease
Treponema pallidum Spirochetes (-) motile, slender, helically Testicles, skin Acquired and congenital Darkfield
coiled, flexible organism, and conjunctiva syphilis examination;
corksrew-like appearance, of rabbits nontreponemal test;
motile due to axial- treponemal test
filaments, remain motile for (fluorescent
3-6 hrs at 25 degC; sensitive treponemal
to disinfectants antibody
absorpition test)
Treponema pertenue Spirochetes (-) motile, slender, helically Yaws or Frambesia
coiled, flexible organism,
motile due to axial-
filaments
Borrelia recurrentis Spirochetes (-) motile due to axial- Relapsing fever from
filaments; helically coiled; infected body louse or
flexible organism tick
Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochetes (-) motile due to axial- Tick-borne Lyme disease
filaments; helically coiled;
flexible organism
Leptospira interrogans Spirochetes Tightly coiled spirals with Fletcher’s Leptospirosis “Weil’s
one or both ends forming a medium disease”
hook; motile due to axial-
filaments
Spirillum minus Spirillum (-) actively motile, rigid Rat-bite fever
organisms with flagella
Bacillus anthracis (+) sporeforming bacilli; Anthrax Sporeforming
swollen concave ends of
bacilli “bamboo rod”
appearance
Listeria monocytogenes (+) small bacilli; Listeriosis /
pleomorphic; ubiquitous; Listerosis(purulent
 large portion of normal meningitis)
flora
Legionella pneumophila (-) small bacilli; aerobic; Legionnaire’s disease
facultative intracellular (pneumonia); Pontiac
microorganism usu at LRT fever
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (-) bacilli; smallest and Primary atypical
simplest prokaryote pneumonia “Walking
capable of self- pneumonia”
multicplication; lacks cell
wall; flimaentous “tear-
drop” appearance or shape
Ureaplasma urealyticum Normal inhabitant of Nonspecific or
(Mycoplasma T) oropharynx and genital nongonococcal urethritis
tract of 60% of sexually
active women