DRDO SET Exam Syllabus for EC (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Networks: Network graphs:

matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and

fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis.Network theorems:

superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state

sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain

analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency

domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer

functions. State equations for networks.

Electronic Devices:

Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in

silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity.Generation and recombination of

carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-

n and avalanche photo diode, Basics of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication

process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twintub CMOS

process.

Analog Circuits:

Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog

CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and

FET amplifiers.

Amplifiers:

single-and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power.

Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits.Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for

oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping

circuits, 555 Timers.Power supplies.

Digital Circuits:
 Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC

families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters,

multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flipflops, counters and shift-

registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085):

architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

Signals and Systems:

Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-

time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time FourierTransform,DFT and FFT, z-transform.

Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems:definitions and properties; causality, stability,

impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response,

group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.

Control Systems:

Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of

block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems.

Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state

analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system

analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots.Control system compensators:

elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State

variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.

Communications:

Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density

function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle

modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers;

elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions.

Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems:

pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes:
 amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK,FSK), matched filter receivers

bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA,

FDMA and CDMA and GSM.

Electromagnetics:

Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems,

Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves:

propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth.

Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance

matching; S parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary

conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and

optical fibers.Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.