PRONOUNS CONTRACTED FORMS

We use the pronouns to refer to people, animals and things. We use the contracted form to represent the way people talk:
The pronoun we choose depends on the part each one Affirmative Negative 1 Negative 2
represents in a conversation. Look at the chart below: I’m I’m not --
I  the person who’s talking You’re You’re not You aren’t
You  the listener He’s He’s not He isn’t
He  the object of the conversation (a man or a boy) She’s She’s not She isn’t
She  the object of the conversation ( a woman or a girl) It’s It’s not It isn’t
It  the object of the conversation (a thing or an animal) We’re We’re not We aren’t
We  the people who are talking You’re You’re not You aren’t
You  the listeners They’re They’re not They aren’t
They  the object of the conversation (people, things or
animals)
C Rewrite the sentences using the contracted form of the verb
to be:
A Complete with the correct pronoun: 1- Mark is a soccer player. He is a great player.
1- Marlene is an intelligent girl. ____ is very beautiful too. _________________________________________________
2- How are _____, Chris? 2- My mother and I are not ready for the party.
3- Monica and Felix are my neighbors. ____ are very nice. ___________________________________________________
4- My father is from Italy. ___ is Italian. 3- The kids are not from Ireland. They are from England.
5- The kids are quiet this morning. ____ are reading in the living ___________________________________________________
room. 4- Mark’s house is not far from here. It is nearby.
6- Look at that dog! ____ is very smart. __________________________________________________
7- Sally and I are going on a picnic. ____ are almost ready. 5- This TV set is not expensive. It is very cheap.
8- There are many books in my backpack. _____ is full of books. __________________________________________________
9- I am 20 years old. ___ am a young woman. 6- I am not Ms. Smith’s student. I am Mr. Taylor’s.
_________________________________________________
7- The boys are not in the pool. They are in the back yard.
VERB “TO BE” _________________________________________________
Look at the verb to be in the present tense: 8- These are not English books. They are German books.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative _________________________________________________
Singular Singular Singular 9- The student is not paying attention.
I am I am not Am I? _________________________________________________
You are You are not Are you?
He is He is not Is he?
She is She is not Is she?
POSSESSIVES
It is It is not Is it?
Plural Plural Plural Look at this chart:
We are We are not Are we? I  my
You are You are not Are you? You  your
They are They are not Are they? He  his
She  her
It  its
B Choose the correct form of the verb to be to complete the
We  our
sentences: You  your
1- Leroy __ Doug’s brother. They  their
a) are b) is c) am Example:
2- Cynthia and her sister __ at school now. They are at home. Neil is with his sister.
a) are b) are not c) is not
3- My father ___ working now.
a) is b) am c) are D Complete with the corresponding possessive:
4- Joe __ a good student.
1- Sheila has beautiful eyes. ___ eyes are blue.
a) are b) is c) are
2- Oscar has a big house. ___ house is near here.
5- The ketchup __ on the table. It’s in the fridge.
3- The house has 4 bedrooms. ___ rooms are comfortable.
a) are b) is c) is not
4- My mother has a nice garden. ___ garden has many flowers.
6- The Brown’s car __ new.
5- The kids have a new sister. ___ sister is very cute.
a) is b) am c) are
6- I live in Osaka. ___ city is very interesting.
7- The guys ___ late, they are early.
7- You are doing homework. ___ homework is easy.
a) are not b) are c) is
8- We are going by car. ___ car is new.
8- This is Ann’s backpack, it __ Paul’s.
9- Belinda has a new boyfriend. ___ boyfriend is from Peru.
a) is not b) is c) am
10- The Smiths have a small garage. ___ garage is in the side of
9- The dog __ at the doghouse.
the house.
a) is b) am c) are
 ARTICLES G Mark the best option to complete the sentences:
1- ___ a bottle of vinegar on the table.
We use a / an with singular nouns. Before nouns starting with
a) There is b) There are
vowel sound we use an, before nouns starting with consonant
2- ___ an American student in your class?
sound we use a:
a) There is b) Is there
a ball a one-story house (w) a uniform (y) a house (h)
3- __ any pens in my pencil case. It’s empty.
an apple an x-ray (e) an hour (o)
a) There isn’t b) There aren’t
We use a/an before professions:
4- ___ a book on Gilbert’s desk. I think it’s Mark’s.
Mary is a teacher. She is an English teacher.
a) There isn’t b) There is
We use the definite article the before singular and plural nouns:
5- ___ a supermarket around here?
the teacher the students
a) There are b) Is there
We don’t use articles before names, except if it’s part of it:
6- __ any students at school now. They left an hour ago.
The United States The United Kingdom
a) There aren’t b) There isn’t
7- Look! __ a bug on your T-shirt.
E Complete with a / an / the: a) Is there b) There is
1- ___ teacher is in ___ classroom with his students.
2- Teresa is ___ Italian teacher. She’s ___ good teacher.
SOME - ANY
3- ___ Smiths are from ___ United States.
4- I use __ pen to write letters. We use some in affirmative sentences and any in negative and
5- I need ___ eraser, please. interrogative sentences. They are used before countable
6- Put ___ backpack ___ desk. nouns in plural or uncountable nouns.
7- There’s ___ woman by the door. Examples:
There is some ketchup on the table. (affirmative + uncountable)
There are some teachers in the hallway. (affirmative + countable
DEMONSTRATIVES in plural)
We use this to demonstrate a person, animal or thing that is near
Is there any mustard in the fridge? (interrogative + uncountable)
(here). For plural we use these. To demonstrate a person, animal
Are there any students in the classroom? (interrogative +
or thing far from us (there) we use that. For plural we use those.
countable in plural)
Examples:
Look at that cat over there!
There isn’t any toilet paper left. (negative + uncountable)
This girl over here is my friend Joan.
There aren’t any pencils in the box. (negative + countable in
Those men over there are my uncles.
plural)
My notebooks are these over here.

H Complete with some or any:

F Complete with this, that, these, those: 1- There aren’t _____ desks in the classroom.
1- Are _____ books over there Teresa’s or Mark’s? 2- I have ______ flowers for Mom.
2- Who is _____ woman over there? 3- The kids have ______ homework to do today.
3- Is _____ pen here new? 4- Watch out! There isn’t ____ water in the pool.
4- Are _____ guys over there your friends? 5- Is there ____ sugar left?
5- Is _____ woman over there your teacher? 6- There are _____ doughnuts in that yellow box.
6- Are ____ pictures here taken at the picnic? 7- There aren’t _____ American students at my school.
8- There isn’t ____ money in my wallet.
9- Are there _____ books on the desk?
THERE IS / THERE ARE 10- There isn’t ____ oil to fry the steak.
There is / there are are used to talk about the existence of
something or the permanence of someone at a certain place.
I Choose the correct answer:
Look at the chart below:
1- There isn’t ___ pay phone near my house.
There is + countable noun (singular)
a) Any c) an
uncountable noun
b) A d) some
There are + countable noun (plural)
2- ___ teacher is in ___ classroom with ____ students.
a) A / a / a c) an / an / an
Examples: b) The / a / an d) the / the / the
There is some milk left. (uncountable) 3- Are there ___ Greek books in the library?
There is a person next to the door. (countable – singular) a) Some c) a
There are some students in the classroom. (countable – plural) b) Any d) the
Negative: 4- There are ___ people here to see you.
There is not there’s not there isn’t a) Some c) any
There are not - there aren’t b) A d) the
There isn’t a pen in my backpack. 5- There aren’t ___ tickets for the show.
There aren’t many good students at this school. a) Any c) some
Interrogative b) An d) the
Is there? Are there? 6- Is there __ notebook under my desk?
Is there intelligent life on other planets? a) An c) a
Are there many girls in your computer class? b) Some d) any
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS K Answer the questions using short answers:
a) Are you at home? – Yes, __________
The Present Continuous is used to describe an action
b) Is your sister studying now? – No, ____________
performed at the moment we are talking. It’s formed by the
c) Are your parents working? - Yes, ___________
verb to be (am / is / are) + verb + ing.
d) Is Leroy playing with his cars? - No, __________
Examples:
e) Are you guys doing your homework? - Yes, _________
Affirmative
f) Are you preparing that special cake? - No, ____________
I am doing my homework right now.
g) Are the kids talking in the back yard? – Yes, _________
Thelma is making a cake.
h) Is Melinda a good student? – No, ________
Louise and Paul are walking along the beach.
Negative
I am not waiting for Daniel. SHORT ANSWERS – THERE IS AND THERE ARE
Sheila is not studying now.
Look at how we answer questions with there is / there are:
The kids are not riding their bikes.
Is there a backpack under your desk? – Yes, there is.
Interrogative
Is there an apple on the teacher’s desk? – No, there isn’t.
Am I bothering you with this gab?
Are there American students in your class? – Yes, there are.
Is Richard calling from the office?
Are there doughnuts for breakfast? – No, there aren’t.
Are the Smiths spending their vacation in Panama?

J Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the L Answer the questions using short answers:
Present Continuous: 1- Is there a good movie at the Ritz? – Yes, __________
1- Carolyn ______________ for Bill. He’s late. (to wait) 2- Are there good shoe stores downtown? - No, _________
2- I ________________ a letter to Gabriel, I _____________ a 3- Are there many students at your school? – Yes, __________
recipe. (not / to write – to write) 4- Are there any apples in the basket? No, __________
3- Cid and Bob ________________ outside. (to camp) 5- Is there a pay phone near here? – Yes, ___________
4- The little girl _____________ another question. I think she 6- Is there any money in your wallet? No, _________
doesn’t understand English. (to ask)
5- The computer _____________ again. I think there’s a problem
with it. (to start) COMPLETE ANSWERS
6- My parents _______________ now. You have to come back at
When the questions starts with H/W words (interrogative
night to talk to them. (to work)
pronouns) you have to give a complete answer:
7- ____ Teresa __________ TV? There isn’t anyone in the room.
What is that over there? (thing)  It’s a foreign car.
(to watch)
Who is that girl with Carlos? (person)  She’s my teacher.
8- Mr. Brown ____________ the front window because it
Where is my pencil? (place)  It’s on the desk.
___________ now. (to close – to rain)
Whose blouse is this? (owner)  It’s Marcy’s blouse.
9- Samuel _____________ the car in front of the garage. (to
How are you? (manner)  I’m fine.
wash)
How old is your sister? (age)  She’s twelve.
10- The children ______________ in the front yard. (to play)
How many students are there here? (number)  There are two.
How much is this pen? (amount or price)  It’s fifty cents.
SH OR T ANSWERS – TO B E AND PRESENT C ONT IN UOUS
Look at how we answer questions with the verb to be:
M Answer the questions with complete answers:
Starting with a verb short answer 1- Where are you going after school? I’m going to _________
Are you OK? Yes, I am. 2- Who is that woman over there? She’s ___________
Am I late? No, you aren’t 3- How is your sister? She’s _________
Is Paul your friend? Yes, he is. 4- How old are you? I’m _______
Is Anna from Italy? No, she isn’t. 5- What is that over there? It’s an ______________
Is your house small? Yes, it is. 6- How much is the ticket for the show? It’s ________
Are we wrong? No, you aren’t.
Are we late? Yes, we are.
Are you brothers? No, we aren’t.
Are your parents at home? Yes, they are.
N Now answer questions about you. Pay attention when you
have to give either short or complete answers:
1- Is your mother at home now? _________________________
Note: we change the subject (person) when the question uses I /
2- How old is your father? ______________________________
we / you. Questions with we have 2 possibilities, depending on
3- Is there a clock in your classroom? _____________________
who asked the question. If the person includes himself / herself in
4- Is your house near the school? ________________________
the question, the answer uses we. The affirmative is not
5- How are you today? ________________________________
contracted and the negative is always contracted.
6- Are you studying English now? ________________________
Now look at the short answers for the Present Continuous:
7- What are you doing? _______________________________
Are you arriving at home? Yes, I am.
8- Is your book on your desk? __________________________
Is Leroy playing with his brother? No, he isn’t.
9- Whose notebook is that in your backpack? ______________
Are you guys from Japan? Yes, we are.
10- Are you fine? ____________________________________
We answer questions with the Present of the verb to be and the
11- Where is your teacher now? _________________________
Present Continuous in the same way, with short answers when
12- How much is an eraser? ____________________________
they start with a verb.
13- How much is there in your pocket? ____________________
Teacher’s keys:

A 1- she; 2- you; 3- They; 4- He; 5- They; 6- It; 7- We; 8- It; 9- I

B 1- b); 2- b); 3- a); 4- b); 5- c); 6- a); 7- a); 8- a); 9- a)

C 1- Mark is a soccer player. He’s a great player.

2- My mother and I aren’t ready for the party.

3- The kids aren’t from Ireland. They’re from England.

4- Mark’s house isn’t far from here. It’s nearby.

5- This TV set isn’t expensive. It’s very cheap.

6- I’m not Ms. Smith’s student. I’m Mr. Taylor’s.

7- The boys aren’t in the pool. They’re in the back yard.

8- These aren’t English books. They’re German books.

9- The student isn’t paying attention.

D 1- her; 2- his; 3- its; 4- her; 5- their; 6- my; 7- your; 8- our; 9- her; 10- their.

E 1- the – the; 2- an – a; 3- the – the; 4- a; 5- an; 6- the – the; 7- a.

F 1- those; 2- that; 3- this; 4- those; 5- that; 6- these.

G 1- a); 2- b); 3- b); 4- b); 5- b); 6- a); 7- b)

H 1- any; 2- some; 3- some; 4- any; 5- any; 6- some; 7- any; 8- any; 9- any; 10- any.

I 1- b); 2- d); 3- b); 4- a); 5- a); 6- c)

J 1- is waiting; 2- am not writing – am writing; 3- are camping; 4- is asking; 5- is starting; 6- are working; 7- Is … watching;

8- is closing – is raining; 9- is washing; 10- are playing.

K a) I am; b) she isn’t; c) they are; d) he isn’t; e) we are; f) I’m not; g) they are; h) she isn’t.

L 1- there is; 2- there aren’t; 3- there are; 4- there aren’t; 5- there is; 6- there isn’t.

M (free)

N (free)