PHOENICS User Conference 2004
Using CFD for Sports Arena and Stadia Design
Eric Jal Connell Wagner, Melbourne, Australia
3-5 May 2004 - Melbourne, Australia
Introduction
Occupancy issues in sports stadia and leisure complexes becoming paramount Increasingly common to use CFD in the design process to assess: natural ventilation (comfort) mechanical ventilation pitch ventilation exhaust discharge fire safety
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Project Case Studies
PHOENICS CFD code has been used TECPLOT used for results visualisation Several case studies will be presented: Telstra Dome - Melbourne, Australia Lang Park - Brisbane, Australia MCG - Melbourne, Australia Wembley Stadium - London, UK MSAC Extension - Melbourne, Australia Oasis Arena - Sydney, Australia Casey Aquatic Centre - Melbourne, Australia
Case Study - Telstra Dome
Telstra Dome - Melbourne, Australia
Telstra Dome - Background
Located within the Melbourne Docklands urban re-development precinct Designed and built within 2 years Used for AFL/soccer/rugby cricket and concert events Seating capacity of 52,000 including a movable lower stand tier of 12,500 seats A 167m by 132m retractable pitch roof (can open & close in under 10 minutes)
Telstra Dome - Design Scope
When roof is closed it becomes a fully enclosed all weather indoor facility Occupancy comfort and life safety needs consideration Other similar stadia normally include mechanical ventilation Concerns about large capital costs and ongoing energy consumption led to a design study for justifying an effective passive (natural) ventilation solution
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Telstra Dome - Design Analysis
Natural Ventilation : Full Stadium - No Wind (35oC Day) - Roof Closed
Telstra Dome - Design Analysis
Fire Safety : 15MW Pitch Fire - Roof Closed
Telstra Dome - Analysis Summary
Location & spacing of roof vents optimised Architectural design of roof vents and facade openings promote air movement which enhances occupant comfort for a wide range of environmental conditions Temperature rises around bowl arena not deemed excessive (within 5oC) assuming the patrons are suitably attired consistent for a naturally ventilated facility Life safety tenability criterion also satisfied
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Case Study - Lang Park
Lang Park Stadium - Brisbane, Australia
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Lang Park - Design Scope
Recently redeveloped for increased seating capacity Designed to be capable in the future of incorporating a retractable pitch roof CFD modelling was conducted to determine natural ventilation openings necessary to provide spectator comfort Scenarios simulated for different environmental conditions for both an open stadium and with a pitch roof
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Lang Park - Design Analysis
Natural Ventilation : Full Stadium - No Wind (32oC Day) - No Roof
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Case Study - Wembley Stadium
Wembley Stadium - London, UK
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Wembley Stadium - Design Scope
Currently in the process of being upgraded and redeveloped Engaged in fire engineering design review to address issues associated with the Building Regulation compliance CFD modelling was conducted for fire scenarios within the concourse atrium Scenarios also performed for assessing mechanical smoke extraction system requirements within service ring road
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Wembley Stadium - Design Analysis
Fire Safety : 3MW Concourse Atrium Fire
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Wembley Stadium - Design Analysis
Fire Safety : 20MW Underground Service Ring Road Fire
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Case Study - MSAC Extension
MSAC Extension - Melbourne, Australia
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MSAC Extension - Design Scope
Venue is to be upgraded in readiness for 2006 Commonwealth Games Outdoor pool arena is being proposed with lightweight roof and open sides For energy impost and sustainable development considerations natural ventilation is postulated CFD modelling undertaken in order to demonstrate the viability of design
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MSAC Extension - Design Analysis
Natural Ventilation : No Wind (15oC Day)
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Case Study - Casey Aquatic Centre
Casey Aquatic Centre - Melbourne, Australia
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Casey Aquatic Centre - Design Scope
Ventilation within an indoor pool needs to ensure sufficient fresh air requirements Necessary for removal of water vapour (RH control) and chemical vapours Different mechanical ventilation systems configurations were analysed with CFD Establish air movement distribution and show undesirable stagnant flow regions
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Casey Aquatic - Design Analysis
Mechanical Ventilation : Push-Pull System
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Case Study - Oasis Arena
Oasis Arena - Sydney, Australia
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Oasis Arena - Design Scope
Performance based approach used to satisfy BCA fire design requirements CFD modelling was conducted to ensure indefinite tenability conditions are maintained within concourse/vomitories Provide assistance in optimising the smoke extraction system in terms of size and capacity Consequently gives indication of expected capital cost outlay of mechanical systems
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Oasis Arena - Design Analysis
Fire Safety Analysis : 10MW Stage Fire
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Case Study - MCG Redevelopment
MCG Redevelopment - Melbourne, Australia
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MCG Redevelopment - Design Scope
Northern side of stadium currently being redeveloped for utilisation at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Several CFD modelling studies done for: Ventilation (thermal comfort) Plant room exhaust dispersion Pitch ventilation Fire life safety
Onus of design process to maximise ESD initiatives and optimise resource efficiency
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MCG Redevelopment - Design Analysis
Plant Room Exhaust : 4m/s Northerly Wind
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MCG Redevelopment - Design Analysis
Pitch Ventilation : 4m/s Northerly Wind
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Conclusions
Project case studies have shown the use of CFD as an important part of the engineering design process of sports stadia/arenas Issues relating to ventilation, occupancy comfort and life safety can be addressed Facilitates sustainable design technology solutions by avoiding/limiting mechanical ventilation energy usage as far as possible Can be promoted as worlds best practice and used as a benchmark for stadia design
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Presentation End
a
Thank you!
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