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Sustainable Engineering

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Environmental management Systems
• EMS is a tool that enables an organisation to control the impact of its
activities, products & services on natural environment.
• Originated as the result of social responsible behavior of companies.
• Goals

• Improve control of environmental impact ( minimize ).

• Suitably accommodate changing market needs.
• Reduce the cost associated with environmental liabilities
• Gain public & media support
• Restrict & regulate over exploitation.
• ISO 14000 Series is standard for structuring the EMS

•
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• EMS Model: 4 steps( according to Deming’s cycle)
• Built for continious improvement.
• Planning:
• Includes identification of environmental aspects &
establishing goals.( Plan)
• Implementing:
• Training,awareness,promotion ,comminication
operational controls.(Do).
• Checking:
• involves monitoring & corrective action, Of management
program. ( Check).
• Reviewing:
• includes progress reviews & incorporate changes
required.( Act).
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EMS)

• Environmental policy:
• published as a written statement expressing the commitment
of senior management to improve environmental performance .

• Environmental action plan:

• describes the organisation takes over in coming years

• Environment related organisational structure:

• Establish authority,& assign responsobility for actions .

• Integration of environmental concerns:

• Protection of workers,purchasing,R&D,product
development,marketing ,finance etc...

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ISO 14000 series
• First published in september 1996 as ISO 14001

• Second edition Published in 2004.

• Aim:

• Prevention of environmental pollution

• Follow environmental regulations & laws.

• Continious improvement of the system.

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• ISO 14000-14009: environmental management system
• ISO 14010- 14019:environmental auditing

• ISO 14020-14029:environmental labelling

• ISO 14030-14039:environmental performance
evalution

• ISO 14040-14049:Life Cycle Assesment.

• ISO 14050- 14059:Terms & defenitions

• ISO14060 :Environmental aspects in product

standards.

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Key requirements under ISO
• ISO ( International organisation for standardisation)
14001 is applicable for any organisation.
• ISO 14000 falls in Organisation Based & product based standards.
• OB- provides guidelines for establishling& maintaining EMS.
• PB- guidence for finding the environmental impacts of products.

• Customer Satisfaction.

• 1. Environmental policy- Shows commitment of management in

matters concerning environmental issues.
• 2. Planning
• environmental aspects
• legal & other requirements
• objectives & targets.
• environmental management programmes.
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• 3. Implementation & operation

• structure & responsibility

• training awareness & competence
• communication
• environmental management system documentation.
• document control
• operational control.
• emergency preparedness & response.
• checking & corrective action.

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• 4) Monitoring & measurement
• non conformance , corrective & preventive
action.
• records
• environment management system audit.
management review

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Benefits of EMS

• Improve environmental performance-

• energy,waste reduction ,pollution prevention.
• Enhance compliance.

• Increase efficiency/reduce costs-

• increase employee training.

• Competitive Advantage-
• large automobile companies have implemented
EMS & suggesting suppliers to implement EMS.

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• Improved Image-
• can improve business image & give credibility to
environment programs.

• Reduce / mitigate risks-

• provides structured framework for risk reduction.

• Pollution reduction & resource conservation-

• ISO 14001 EMS has positive & significant
relationship with operation performance &business
performance

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Life Cycle Analysis
• Involves evaluating the environmental impacts with all
stages of a product.
Concept first emerged in 1960.

• Life cycle analysis is the approach that covers the whole

life cycle of a product.
• Late 1989 standardised.(Materials involved in packaging
containers- polythene,cardboard,aluminium etc)

• Life cycle covers from raw material

extraction,manufacturing ,packaging,distribution,use &
end of life of prooduct.

• The procedures of LCA are part of ISO 14000 EMS

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Goal
List of items in LCA grown quickly-
paints,insulation materials,window frames,refrigerators

• ISO Standards require the goal & scope of and LCA be

clearly defined , consistant.

• Includes technical details that guide the work.

•
• By examining the product over its entire life cycle ,
proper decisions can be arrived to reduce environmental
impact.
• Achive efficient use of resources & energy.- thus reducing
overall production costs & environmental impacts.
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Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL
• As a part of ISO 14000 series of standards ISO in
2000 has come with following standards.
• ISO 14040:Environmental management- LCA
principles & framework.
• ISO 14041:Environmental management- LCA
Inventory Analysis.
• ISO 14042:Environmental management-LCA
Impact assesment.
• ISO 14043: Environmental Management- LCA
interpretation

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Benefits of ISO 14000 series

• Increase the acceptance from financial

institutions,bank,public,insurance..etc
• Improved industry- government regulations
• Improves prouctivity of man & machine
• Meet customer environmental expectations &
maintain good public relations.
• Improves health & safety of workers
• Improves morale of employees.
• Increase international trade & business.
• Cost reduction.
• Minimizes waste production.

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Biomimicking
• New way of viewng things.
• We can learn things from nature.
• But not based on what we can extract from nature.
• Nature runs on sunlight
• Nature uses only the energy it needs.
• Nature is fit
• Nature recycles everything.
• Nature rewards co-operation.
• Nature banks on diversity.
• Nature demands local expertise.
• Nature has no limits.

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• George de Mestral
• During a hunting vacation in Switzerland, de
Mestral came home one evening and tried to
remove the burrs stuck to his dog's fur

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• Nature is the most sucessful engineer
• Most brilliant engineer.

• Nature knows what works,

• What is appropriate.

• What lasts on earth.

• Organisms in nature face the same challenges as
humans.

• But they meet sustainability.

• There for please look at the nature as your mentor.
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• Reserches made several new products by
inspitation of nature.
• Birds
• Sharks...
• Solar cells by mimicking leaves.
• Japanese shinkasen bullet train- kingfisher bird’s
beak ( faster speed,reduced power)
• Eastage complesx 324000 square feet – uses
natural ventilation.
• Self cleaning paints- super hydro phobic surfaces.
( when liquid drop of leaves it rools down & clean
containments

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Environment impact assessment

• Population explosion with rapid industrial growth

are eating the resources at faster rate.
• Harmony between man & environment is the core
of environment management.
• Tools for environment management.
• 1.Environment management systems.
• 2.Eco labelling.
• 3.Life cycle asessment.
• 4.Waste minimization programmes.
• 5. Environment Impact assessment.
• 6. Environment Risk analysis.
• 7.Environmental Auditing.
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• EIA- is the process of
identification,evaluvation,mitigation of potential
impact of proposed projects,plans & programmes
prior to decision making.( related to following)

• 1. physical / chemical components.

• 2.biological components.
• 3.cultural components.
• 4.socio economic components.

• ( “ systematic & well documented procedure to

identify assess the direct & indirect effects of a
development project on environment/social
/cultural/economic factors.)
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Objectives

• Predict environmental impacts on projects.

• Find means to reduce adverse impacts.

• Refine & shape the proposed projects to suit the

local environment.

• Present the prediction & options before decision

makers.

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Evolution Of EIA
• Before 1994 developmental projects are assessed on

• Technical feasibility ( project is feasible).

• Cost of project.

• So environmental impacts were expressed in

monetory terms.

• Environmental protection Act in 1986.

• 1994- EPA become mandatory for three schedules.

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• Schedule 1:
• (List of projects requiring environmental clearance
from central government.)
• Nuclear power related projects such as heavy water
plants,nuclear fuel complex,rare earths.
•
River valley projects.( hydel power,major irrigation)
• Ports,harbours,airports.
• Pertroleum refineries.
• Pesticides.
• Chemical fertilizers.
• Petrochemical complexes.
• Bulk drugs, pharmaceuticals.
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• Synthetic rubber.
• Asbestos.
• Primary metullurgical industries ( steel,aluminium).
• Thermal power plants.
• Pulp , paper
• Distelleries.
• Dyes, cement.
• Foundries.
• Electroplating.

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• Schedule 2: ( Application form)

• Industry/ proponent shall submit the duly filled

application in prescribed format for environmental
clearance along with necessary documents.

• Schedule 3: ( composition of expert committee for

giving environmental clearance)

• Experts from various disciplines ( air pollution, risk

analysis,social science,economics,water
pollution,landuse etc..) constitute the committee.
Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL
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• Schedule 4: ( procedure for public hearing)

• Public be informed & consulted based on proposed

development

• Since 1997 schedule 4 is mandatory

• Done by pollution control board/district collector

• Public hearing panel consists of representatives

from state pollution control board, state
government,district collector,local bodies,three
senior citizens from area.
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Sailant features of EIA 2006
• List of developmental project & activities which
require prior environmental clearance ( schedule
1) was expanded
• A state level environmental impact assessment
authority constituting of 3 members to be
constituted by the government of india in
consultation with government of state.

• All environmental projects requiring prior

environmental clearance were categorised under
two heads.( based on the extent of potential
impact).
• Expert committee as per 1994 EIA notification was
redesigned as expert appraisal committee.
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Procedures of EIA in India
• Project decription.
• Screening.

• Scoping & consideration of alternatives.

• Baseline studies ( existing environmental status
water,air)

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• Impact prediction Assessment, & mitigation
measures.
• Preparation of EIA report.

• Public Hearing.

• Review of EIA report & Decision Making.( approval/

rejection)

• Monitoring the clearance conditions.

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EIA Steps

• Scoping- study covering important issues that should be raised by decision

makers.
• Collection of Baseline data- about physical,biological,socio economic
conditions of existing environment & changes anticipated.( Km range)
• Assessment of environmental impact- identify & predicts
• Positive & negative impacts.
• Evaluation of Impact assessment- whether it is significant tothink about
alternatives & or demanding mitigation
• Analysis of alternatives-without project situation alternative in terms of
site, technology, design , operation….
• Delineation of mitigation procedures-wide range of measures to
prevent , reduce or to remedy( introducing pollution controlls, offering
compensation).
• Specification of Environmental monitoring Programme.- at institutional
level.
• Environmental management Plan- trade off between alternative measures
are weighted & taken.

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• Documentation- deatiled draft scope, record of various
consultations,baseline data, no of steps involved,results &
discussions.

• Review of report- to evaluvate efficiency & quality of EIA.

• DecisionMaking- decide futureprospects based on comments &

recommendations

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 Thank You !

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