INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL
SURGICAL NURSING
MR. SANDIP RANGARI
SURETECH COLLEGE OF NURSING
OBJECTIVES
• At the end of unit, students are able to:
1. Understand and describe the concept of
health and illness.
2. Render comprehensive care to the client.
3. Make self aware about the trends in nursing.
Terms
Trends in Medical Surgical Nursing
Concept of Health & Illness
Health : as per WHO:
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity”.
SIGNS OF GOOD HEALTH
• Physical Health:
1. All the body parts should be there
2. All of them are in their natural place and
position
3. Weighs normal for age and height
4. All of them are doing their physiological
functions properly
5. They work with each other harmoniously.
Cont...
• Mental Health:
Mental health is a state of emotional,
psychological and social wellness evidenced
by satisfying interpersonal relationship,
effective behaviour and coping, positive self-
concept, and emotional stability.
Some of the markers of Mental
Health:
• Having a mental aptitude near or above social
average
• Having the ability to perceive things as they
are, and not as one thinks they are
• Having the ability to make judgments
regarding good and bad or right and wrong.
• Having the ability to remember and reproduce
information collected through various senses
or through learning to a reasonable degree.
Cont..
Social Health:
1. Gets along well with people around
2. Have pleasant manners
3. Help others
4. Fulfills responsibility towards others.
CONCEPT OF ILLNESS & DISEASE
• Disease literally means without ease.
• It is a medical term describing alteration in
structure and function of the body and mind
resulting in reduction or capacities or a
shortening of the normal life span.
Cont...
• Webster:
“a condition in which body health is impaired, a
departure from a state of health, an alteration
of the human body interrupting the
performance of vital functions”
• Oxford dictionary: “a condition of the body or
some part or organ of the body in which its
functions are disrupted or deranged”
Cont...
• From Ecological point: it is defined as
maladjustment of the human organism to the
enviornment.
Causes Of Disease
• Mechanical Causes
• Biological causes
• Normative causes
• Nutritional causes
• Enviornmental causes
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE
• ACCORDING TO DURATION or ONSET
1. Acute Illness
2. Chronic illness
3. Terminal illness
• ACCORDING TO ETIOLOGIC FACTORS
1. Hereditary
2. Congenital
3. Allergic
4. Metabolic
5. Deficiency
6. Traumatic
7. Neoplastic
8. Idiopathic
9. Degenerative
10. iatrogenic
Cont..
• The kind of disturbance in structure & function
1. Organic- changes in normal structure
2. Functional: abnormal response to stimuli.
3. Occupational: from occupation
4. Familial: same family individual, HTN
5. Veneral: sexual relation (AIDS, gonorrhea)
6. Epidemic: large no. Of individual in community
7. Endemic: present more or less in community
8. Pandemic: extremely widespread entire country
9. Sporadic: occasional cases.
Comprehensive nursing care in MSN
conditions based Nursing Process.
• Assessment : gather information about the
patient’s condition
• Diagnosis: identify the pt. Actual potential
problem
• Planning: set goals of care and desired outcomes
and identify appropriate
• Implementation: perform the nursing actions
identified in planning phase
• Evaluation: determine if goals and expected
outcomes are achived
OPD & IPD
OPD ROLE
• Central registration
• Appointments
• Reception & enquiry help
• Billing & cash mngment
• Management information system (MIS)
Cont..
IPD ROLE
• Care of patient
• Work with doctor to cure the pt.
• Coordinate the care of the patient
• Protect the pt.
• Teach the pt. & family
• Advocate for the pt.
ASEPSIS
MEDICAL SURGICAL
• Medical asepsis means • Means sterile.
clean • Keeps an
• Reduces the no., growth & area/objects/articles free
transmission of microorg. from microorganism
• Prevent transmission • Totally destroyed all patho
• Clean technique: eg. & non-patho. Organism
Mouthwash, haircombing • Sterile technique is used
• Use clean grab to protect • Sterile grab is used.
worker from organism.
INFLAMMATION
• It is a process by which the body’s white blood
cells & chemicals protect us from infection &
foreign substances such as bacteria & viruses.
• It is a localized protective reaction of tissue to
irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by
pain, redness, swelling and sometimes loss of
function.
• Inflammation is an immune response that
occurs after infection or injury.
Types of Inflammation
• Acute inflammation:
Characterized by the local vascular and
exudative changes described earlier and
usually lasts less than 2 wks.
• chronic inflammation: develops if the injurious
agent persists & the acute response is
perpetuated
• Subacute inflammation: falls between acute &
chronic .
