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12 Sugarcane

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Zaza Ahmad
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33 views33 pages

12 Sugarcane

Uploaded by

Zaza Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUGARCANE

SUGARCANE

Saccharum officinarum L.

FAMILY: POACEAE

URDU: NAISHKAR

PUNJABI: GANNA, KAMAD


SUGARCANE

Saccharum oficinarum American Cane

Saccharum sinense Chinese Cane

Saccharum barberi Indian Cane

Saccharum spontaneum Wild Asian Cane

Saccharum robustum Wild Cane of New

Guinea
SUGARCANE

 PERENNIAL

 C4

 DETERMINATE

 CROSS POLLINATION

 SEED –FUZZ/SETT-
COMPOSITION

COMPONET PERCENTAGE

FIBRE 11-16

SOLUBLE SUGARS 12-16

NON SUGARS 2-3

WATER 63-73
TOP COUNTRIES
COUNTRY PRODUCTION (T)

BRAZIL 768,090,444

INDIA 341,200,000

CHINA 128,200,908

THAILAND 100,096,000

PAKISTAN 63,749,900
FAO, 2013
PRODUCTION

PAKISTAN 2013

Area 1,128,800 ha

Production 63,749,900 tones

yield 56.47 t ha-1

5th in world production


IMPORTANCE

 Sugar extraction

 Boggase used in chip board, paper, hard board

 Mollasses for alcohol

 Top & trash as fodder

 Gur, shakar, desi cheni


CLIMATE

 ABOVE 20 °C SUITABLE FOR GROWTH

 BELOW 20 °C STUNTS GROWTH

 HOT HUMID

 TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL AREAS

 WINTER DORMANT PERIOD


 AMPLE SUNLIGHT
SOIL

 Well drained heavy to loam

 High organic matter

 Sandy soils by adding OM

 Sensitive to saline soils


ROOT
DEVELO
PRIMARY/SETT ROOTS
PMENT
• Shorter length, Shorter period

• Initial growth

SECONDARY/TILLER/STEM

• Longer length, Longer life

• Original growth

ADVENTITIOUS/FIBROUS (2 m)
SHOOT/CANE
DEVELOPME
 JOINTED STEM
NT
 INTERNODES PITHY

 THICK, MEDIUM, THIN

 SMALLER INTERNODES AT BASE AND TOP

 MID PART INTERNODES LARGE

(water stress/high temperature)


SHOOT/CANE
DEVELOPME
 WHITE, PINKISH, GREENISH
NT
 SHAPE OF INTERNODES

• Cylindrical

• Tumescent

• Bobbin

• Conoidal / abconoidal

• Curve
LEAF
 BLADE VARY IN SIZE & SHAPE

 PARALLEL, SEMI ERECT, DROPPY

• Thick leaves are erect/semi erect

• Thin leaves droppy/horizontal

• Soft, green liked by animals

• Top leaves are active (top)

• Dry leaves trash (khori)


INFLORESCENCE
 ARROW SHAPED

 SPIKE

 HIGH TEMP. & HUMIDITY

• Like Sarkanda

• Murrree

• Thattah (Sajawal)
PRIMARY TILLAGE

 5-6 PLOUGHING

 BREAKAGE OF HARD PAN

 2-3 PLANKINGS

 LAND LEVELLING
SEED BED PREPARATION

WET METHOD

• Pre soaking irrigation

• Optimum moisture

• 2 Ploughing & Planking

DRY METHOD

• After fallow land Dry field & irrigation

•
SOWING TIME

SPRING/MARCH

FEBRUARY MARCH

MATURES IN FEBRUARY

AUTUMN/SEPTEMBER

SEPTEMBER

MATURES IN NOV./DEC.
SEED RATE

 75,000 – 100,000 Setts ha-1

 200-250 maunds ha-1

 30-40 marlas (normal crop) ha-1


SOWING METHOD

 FLAT SOWING

 RIDGE SOWING

 PIT PLANTING
SOWING METHOD

 SINGLE ROW
60 cm 60 cm 60 cm 60 cm

 DOUBLE ROW
cm 90 cm 30 90 cm 30
30 cm cm

 TRIPPLE ROW
30 30 120 cm 30 30
cm cm cm cm
FERTILIZER

200 100-150 100 (NPK) Kg ha-1

 ONE THIRD N & WHOLE P & K AT SOWING

 REMAINING ONE THIRD N AT TILLERING (2

months after sowing)

 REMAINING ONE THIRD N AT EARTHING UP

(before start of rainy season)


IRRIGATION

 MARCH SOWING

• 16-18 Irrigations

 SEPTEMBER SOWING

• 20-22 Irrigations

 IRRIGATION METHOD

 AVAILABILITY


WEEDS

1. Cultural control

2. Chemical control

3. Biological Control

Pre-Emergence/Post-Emergence
INSECT PESTS

 Borer (severe attack)

 Systemic granular insecticides

 1-2 feet high

 Biological control agents


DISEASES

 Red rot

 Whip Smut

 Seed treatment

 Resistant varieties
HARVESTING
 MARCH SOWING

• January

 SEPTEMBER SOWING

• October/November

 STRIPPING

 TRASHING


VARIETIES (PUNJAB)

 CP 77/400

 CP 43/33

 CPF 237, 243, 247

 SPF 231, 234, 245, 246, 247

 HSF 240

 COJ 284
PROHIBITED VARIETIES (PUNJAB)

 CO 1148 (INDIAN)
 TRITON
 COL 29, 44, 54
 BL 4
 L 116, 118
 BF 162
 SPF 238
VARIETIES (SINDH)

 THATTHA 10

 LARKANA 1, 2004

 CPF 237

 L 126

 HS 2, 4, 12

 B 129 (GULABI 95)


PROHIBITED VARIETIES (SINDH)

 COL 29

 COL 54

 NIA 98

 DISCO 843/60
VARIETIES (KPK)

 CP 77/400

 MARDAN 92,93

 BANNU 1

 SPSG 394

 MSP 421

 CP 72-2086
PROHIBITED VARIETIES (KPK)

 COS 245

 COS 321

 NOC 310

 NS 98

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