GOOD DAY!
Reading and Writing
OUTLINE
It is a system that helps you see whether your ideas
connect well with one another, whether you have
sufficient evidence to support the points that you want
to emphasize, and what order of ideas will work best
in your essay or speech.
USES OF FORMAL
OUTLINES
• It helps the writer to clarify his purpose and to organize his
material to achieve that purpose.
• It offers a convenient way of testing the proposed
organization of an essay.
• It serves as a means of communication in itself.
• It may be used as an aid to efficient reading.
CLARIFY ONE’S
PURPOSE
• List down things you want to do/brainstorm.
• Separate advantages/disadvantages or cluster similar
ideas together.
• Clarify your thoughts that will lead you to a
purposeful outline.
TEST
ORGANIZATION
• This serves as your skeletal view.
• This is your beginning strategy
• It leads you to the development of the topic
• Lastly, it leads you to your conclusions.
COMPLETE
COMMUNICATION
• Essay questions asks you to enumerate facts, to list
down processes, or to summarize a story. Your
answers are expected to be in outlines.
• Anyone can gauge right away what you have in
mind.
• Your outline communicates your thoughts.
TWO BASIC TYPES
1.Topic Outline
2.Sentence Outline
TOPIC OUTLINE
• It is a systematic arrangement that consists of words and
short phrases.
• It is useful when you want to arrange your ideas
hierarchically to show which are the main points and which
are the sub-points.
• It also helps you arrange your ideas in the sequence that you
want and to show how such ideas relate with one another.
SENTENCE OUTLINE
• It functions like a topic outline.
• Sentences are used to express specific and complex
details.
• Using sentences instead of short phrases allows you
to organize complete ideas for each section or
portion of your speech or essay.
OTHER TYPES OF
OUTLINE
1. Mixed Outline
2. Paragraph Outline
Title
Purpose/ Thesis Statement
I. ____________________________________
A. __________________________________
1.________________________________
a. ___________________________
(1) _________________________
(a) _______________________
(b) _______________________
(2) _________________________
b. ___________________________
c. ___________________________
2.________________________________
3.________________________________
B. __________________________________
II. ____________________________________
A. __________________________________
B. __________________________________
CREATING
OUTLINES
• Identify the topic.
• Identify the main categories.
• Create the sub-categories.
THESIS STATEMENT
• It is the assertion of the writer or the speaker about a
certain topic.
• It declares something that must be proven, supported, or
explained.
• It is a debatable or arguable claim.
• It functions as a roadmap for the entire speech or paper.
THESIS STATEMENT
CHARACTERISTICS:
• It must be brief. • It must be argumentative.
• It must be specific and precise. • It must be relevant.
• It must be restricted. • It must be interesting.
• It must be unified. • It must be visible.
EXAMPLES:
Poor Thesis Statement
The virus can be considered as the worst thing that can
happen to your computer system. Therefore, you must
devise ways to prevent the attack of these harmful
elements.
EXAMPLES:
Better Thesis Statement
The computer virus can do a great damage to your
computer system. This can be avoided by applying three
unique mechanisms: Self-replication, self-abstraction,
and encryption.
PRINCIPLES IN STRUCTURING
AN OUTLINE
1. Parallelism: It is the similarity of structure in a
series of related phrases.
A. Ask a question A. Ask a question
B. Formulating a hypothesis B. Formulate a hypothesis
C. Test the hypothesis C. Test the hypothesis
D. Analyzing the results D. Analyze the results
PRINCIPLES IN STRUCTURING
AN OUTLINE
2. Coordination: It enables the writer or speaker to
maintain a consistent and coherent document.
3. Subordination: You must arrange ideas according
to their importance or significance.
4. Division: It is the separating or partitioning ideas
into groups. You must be consistent in using just one
basis on how you will divide your ideas.
PRINCIPLES IN STRUCTURING
AN OUTLINE
A. Winter Sports A. Winter Sports
B. Skiing 1. Skiing
C. Summer Sports 2. Skating
D. Surfing B. Summer Sports
1. Swimming
2. Surfing
