RENEWABLE

ENERGY
RESOURCES

Saumya Tomar
Electrical Engineering
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PRESENTATION
SUMMARY
Classification of energy resources
Advantages and limitations of conventional energy resources
Non conventional energy resources advantages and limitations
Comparison between the two
World Energy Scenario; Indian Energy Scenario; Introduction to
Internet of energy (IOE)
Contoso date of delivery is July 20xx
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CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY
RESOURCES
Any physical activity in this world, whether carried out by human beings or by nature,
is cause due to flow of energy in one form or the other .
The work output depends on the energy input. Energy can be classified into several
types based on the following criteria:

• Primary and Secondary energy

• Commercial and Non commercial energy
• Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
• Conventional and Non-conventional energy
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1.1 Primary and Secondary Energy

Primary energy sources are those that are either found or stored in
nature. Common primary energy sources are coal, oil, natural gas,
and biomass (such as wood). Other primary energy sources available
include nuclear energy from radioactive substances, thermal energy
stored in earth's interior, and potential energy due to earth's gravity.

Primary energy sources are costly converted in industrial utilities

into secondary energy sources; for example coal, oil or gas
converted into steam and electricity. Primary energy can also be used
directly. Some energy sources have non energy uses, for example
coal or natural gas can be used as a feedstock in fertilizer plants.
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1.2 COMMERCIAL ENERGY

AND NON COMMERCIAL
ENERGY
Commercial Energy
The energy sources that are available in the market for a definite price are known as commercial energy. By far the
most important forms of commercial energy are electricity, coal and refined petroleum products. Commercial
energy forms the basis of industrial, agricultural, transport and commercial development in the modern world. In
the industrialized countries, commercialized fuels are predominant source not only for economic production, but
also for many household tasks of general population. Examples: Electricity, lignite, coal, oil, natural gas etc.
Non-Commercial Energy
The energy sources that are not available in the commercial market for a price are classified as non-commercial
energy. Non-commercial energy sources include fuels such as firewood, cattle dung and agricultural wastes, which
are traditionally gathered, and not bought at a price used especially in rural households. These are also called
traditional fuels. Non-commercial energy is often ignored in energy accounting. Example: Firewood, agro waste in
rural areas; solar energy for water heating, electricity generation, for drying grain, fish and fruits; animal power for
transport, threshing, lifting water for irrigation, crushing sugarcane; wind energy for lifting water and electricity
generation.
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1.3 RENEWABLE
RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable Non renewable

• It is the energy obtained
from sources that are Sources
essentially inexhaustible . It is the energy obtained
from the convetional fossil
The two major sources Fuels.
of energy is classified
as:

• Conventional Sources
• Non-Conventional
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CONVENTIONAL ENERGY Conventional Sources of

RESOURCES Energy
Conventional Sources of En
sources of energy and are
available in limited quantity
apart from hydro-electric power.
Further, it is classified under
commercial and non-commercial
energy.
Commercial Energy Sources
Coal, electricity and petroleum
are known as commercial energy
since the consumer needs to pay
its price to buy them.
Coal
Coal is the most important source of energy. There are more than 148790 coal
deposits in India, and between 2005-2006, the annual production went up to 343
million tons. India is the fourth-largest coal-producing country, and the deposits are
primarily found in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bengal.
Oil and Natural Gas
Oil is considered liquid gold and one of the crucial energy sources in India and the
world. Oil is primarily used in planes, automobiles, trains and ships. The total oil
production in India was 0.3 million tons in 1950-51, which increased up to 32.4
million tons in 2000-01. It is mainly found in Assam, Gujarat and Mumbai.
Electricity
Electricity is a common form of energy used for domestic and commercial purposes,
and it is mainly utilized in electrical appliances like fridges, T.V, washing machines
and air conditioning.
The major sources of power generation are:
•Nuclear Power
•Thermal Power
•Hydro-electric power
Thermal Power Thermal power is generated at various power stations
utilizing oil and coal. It is a vital source of electric current, and its share
in the nation’s total capacity in 2004-05 was 70 percent.
Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric power is produced by
constructing dams above flowing rivers like Damodar Valley Project and
Bhakra Nangal Project. The installed capacity of hydroelectric power
was 587.4 mW in 1950-51 and went up to 19600 mW in 2004-05.
Nuclear Power The fuel used in nuclear power plants is Uranium,
which costs less than coal. Nuclear power plants can be found in Kaiga
(Karnataka), Kota (Rajasthan), Naroura (UP) and Kalapakam(Chennai).
Non-commercial Energy Sources
Generally, the freely available energy sources are considered non-
commercial energy sources. Examples of non-commercial energy
sources include straw, dried dung, firewood
Advantages
1.Reliability: These energy sources provide a consistent and stable supply of energy, crucial for meeting the high
demand of modern societies.
2.High Energy Density: Fossil fuels and nuclear power have a high energy content, meaning a small amount can
produce a large amount of energy.
3.Established Technology: The technology and infrastructure for extraction, processing, and distribution are well-
developed and understood.
4.Economic Benefits: Job creation and economic growth in regions rich in these resources.
Limitations
5.Environmental Impact: Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other pollutants, contributing
to climate change and air pollution.
2.Finite Resources: These resources are non-renewable and will eventually deplete, leading to potential energy
shortages in the future.
3.Geopolitical Issues: Dependency on energy imports can lead to economic and political vulnerabilities.
4.Waste Disposal: Especially with nuclear power, there’s the issue of safely managing radioactive waste.
Striking a balance between meeting energy needs and addressing these limitations is a key challenge for future
energy strategies.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
RESOURCES
Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
Non-conventional sources are also known as renewable sources of energy. Examples of
non-conventional sources of energy include solar energy, bioenergy, tidal energy and
wind energy.

Solar Energy
Solar Energy is produced by sunlight. The photovoltaic cells are exposed to sunlight
based on the form of electricity that needs to be produced. The energy is utilized for
cooking and distillation of water.

Wind Energy
Wind energy is generated by harnessing the power of wind and mostly used in
operating water pumps for irrigation purposes. India stands as the second-largest
country in the generation of wind power.

Tidal Energy
Tidal energy is generated by exploiting the tidal waves of the sea. This source is yet to
be tapped due to the lack of cost-effective technology.
Non-conventional energy resources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass,
are gaining traction for their potential to provide sustainable and clean energy.
Here’s a look at their pros and cons:
Advantages
1.Environmental Benefits: These sources produce little to no greenhouse gas
emissions during operation, making them far more eco-friendly than conventional
sources.
2.Renewable and Sustainable: They harness natural processes that are
continuously replenished, such as sunlight and wind, offering a long-term energy
solution.
3.Energy Independence: Utilizing local resources can reduce dependence on
imported fuels and enhance energy security.
4.Decreased Operational Costs: After initial setup, the ongoing costs of operation
and maintenance tend to be lower.
5.Job Creation: The renewable energy sector can create new employment
opportunities in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.
Limitations :
1.Intermittency: Solar and wind energy are weather-dependent and can be
inconsistent, requiring effective energy storage solutions or backup systems.
2.High Initial Costs: The installation and infrastructure costs can be significant,
though they are decreasing over time.
3.Space Requirements: Large areas are often needed for solar farms, wind turbines,
or biomass production, which can impact land use and ecosystems.
4.Resource Location: Geothermal energy is location-specific, and harnessing it can
be limited to regions with suitable geological conditions.
5.Technology Development: Some non-conventional resources still face
technological challenges that need to be overcome for more efficient and widespread
use.
Balancing these advantages and limitations is key to transitioning towards a more
sustainable energy future.
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Difference Between Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of Energy

Conventional Sources of Energy Non-conventional

energy
sources of

These sources of energy are also These sources of energy are also
known as a non-renewable source known as a renewable source of
of energy energy
They find both commercial and They are mainly used for
industrial purposes household purposes
These can be considered to be one These are not responsible for the
of the reasons for the cause of cause of pollution
pollution

Coal, fossil fuels are two examples Wind, solar energy and Biomass
two examples
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WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO

Global Primary Energy Consumption :

The global primary energy consumption at the end of 2003 was equivalent to 9741 million tons of oil equivalent (MTones). in
what proportions the sources mentioned above contributed to this Energy distribution between developed and developing
Countries Although 80 percent of the world's population lies in the developing countries (a four- fold population increase in the
past 25 years), their energy consumption amounts to only 40 percent of the world total energy consumption. The high
standards of living in the developed countries are attributable to high energy consumption levels. Also the rapid population
growth in the developing countries has kept the per capita energy consumption low compared with that of highly industrialized
developed countries. The world average energy consumption per person is equivalent to 2.2 tones of coal. In industrialized
countries, people use four to five times more than the world a average for the developing countries. An American uses 32
times more commercial energy than an Indian.
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INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO

Coal dominates the energy mix in India, contributing

to 55% of the total primary energy production. Over
the years, there has been a marked increase in the
share of natural gas in prima- ry energy production
from 10% in 1994 to 13% in 1999. There has been a
decline in the share of oil in primary energy
production from 20% to 17% during the same period.
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Energy Supply:
Coal Supply :
India has huge coal reserves, at least 84,396 million tones of proven
recoverable reserves (at the end of 2003). These amounts to almost
8.6% of the world reserves and it may last for about 230 years at the
current Reserve to Production (R/P) ratio. In contrast, the world's
proven coal reserves are expected to last only for 192 years at the
current R/P ratio.
Reserves/Production (R/P) ratio- If the reserves remaining at the end
of the year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the
length of time that the remaining reserves would last if production
were to continue at that level.
THANK
YOU
By Saumya tomar
To Dr. Ganesh P. Prajapa