Scripts for collecting the perf counters used in the Figure 3 correlation plots, which motivate the LLC-miss/MLP metric across three memory tiers.

modeling/
├── run-models.sh        # collect perf counters → CSV
├── raw/                 # created at runtime - perf stat output + models.csv
├── skx/                 # Skylake-X reference data + gnuplot
│   ├── dat/
│   │   └── r-l3_stall_skx.csv   # gnuplot input (complete SKX reference)
│   ├── eps/             # created at runtime - gnuplot writes corr.pdf here
│   └── plot/
│       └── corr.plot    # gnuplot script for Figure 3
└── README.md

Each workload runs three times - once per memory tier - under numactl --membind:

Four hardware counters collected per run (single perf stat pass):

Derived metrics written to CSV:

Note: Counter names and the model constants in corr.plot are calibrated for Intel Skylake-X (SKX). See skx/ for the complete reference dataset.

skx/dat/r-l3_stall_skx.csv contains the complete reference dataset collected on an Intel Skylake-X server (95 workloads × 3 tiers).
To regenerate Figure 3 from this data:

cd skx
gnuplot plot/corr.plot
# output → eps/corr.pdf

Newly collected data is written to raw/models.csv by run-models.sh. Copy it to skx/dat/r-l3_stall_skx.csv before plotting.

numactl --hardware

Edit CPU_NODE, LOCAL_NODE, NUMA_NODE, CXL_NODE at the top of run-models.sh to match your server.

sudo ./run-models.sh --spec

Runs every workload in SPEC_WORKLOADS × 3 tiers.

sudo ./run-models.sh --gapbs

Runs every workload in GAPBS_WORKLOADS × 3 tiers.
Graph is preloaded into the target NUMA node's page cache via vmtouch before each tier run.

Copy the collected CSV to the gnuplot data folder, then run the plot:

cp raw/models.csv skx/dat/r-l3_stall_skx.csv
cd skx && gnuplot plot/corr.plot
# output → skx/eps/corr.pdf

Workloads are defined at the top of run-models.sh in two separate arrays.

SPEC CPU 2017 - format "NAME|COMMAND":

SPEC_DIR="/path/to/cpu2017/run"

SPEC_WORKLOADS=(
    "505.mcf_r|cd ${SPEC_DIR}/505.mcf_r && ./mcf_r_base.mytest-m64 inp.in"
    "502.gcc_r|cd ${SPEC_DIR}/502.gcc_r  && ./cpugcc_r_base.mytest gcc-pp.c ..."
    # add more SPEC workloads here
)

GAPBS - just the workload name; the run command is inside func_run_gapbs_tier:

GAPBS_WORKLOADS=(
    "bc-kron"
    # add more GAPBS workloads here (requires matching func_run_gapbs_tier logic)
)

Each workload runs under numactl --cpunodebind --membind automatically - no need to add numactl inside the command.

• numactl - apt install numactl
• vmtouch - apt install vmtouch (GAPBS graph preloading)
• perf - patched perf built by setup/perf/install-perf.sh; override its location with PERF=/path/to/perf ./run-models.sh (defaults to perf in $PATH)
• gnuplot - required only for plotting, not for data collection
• Workload binaries installed and paths configured in run-models.sh