Se kilde til Bruger:SymmetricalMegalomania/Drafts/München

= Nuværende dansk artikel =

{{harflertydig3|byen München|München (film)}}
{{Infoboks by i Tyskland
|Name               = München
|Art                = Stadt
|image_photo        = Munich skyline.jpg
|image_caption      = München Frauenkirke og rådhustårn
|Wappen             = DEU München COA.svg
|lat_deg            = 48 | lat_min = 8 | lat_sec =  
|lon_deg            = 11 | lon_min = 34 | lon_sec = 
|Lageplan         =
|Lageplanbeschreibung =U-banenettet
|Bundesland         = Bavaria
|Regierungsbezirk   = Oberbayern
|Landkreis          = urban
|Höhe               = 519
|Fläche             = 310.43
|Einwohner          = 1.326.807
|Stand              = 2008-12-31
|pop_ref            = <ref>{{cite web |title=City Information Munich |url=http://www.muenchen-radar.de/stadtinfo/daten-und-zahlen/ |accessdate=2009-12-30 |language=German}}</ref>
|pop_urban = ~2600000
|pop_metro = ~6000000
|PLZ                = 80000–81929
|PLZ-alt            = 8000
|Vorwahl            = 089
|Kfz                = M
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 09 1 62 000
|LOCODE             = DE MUC
|Gliederung         = 25 bydele 
|Adresse            = Marienplatz 8<br />80331 München
|Website            = [http://www.muenchen.de/ www.muenchen.de]
|Bürgermeister      = Christian Ude
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei             = SPD
|ruling_party1      = SPD
|ruling_party2      = Green
|ruling_party3      = Rosa Liste München
|year               = 1158
}}

'''München''' blev [[hovedstaden]] i den [[Tyskland|tyske]] delstat [[Bayern]] i 1506. München er Tysklands tredje største by efter Berlin og Hamburg og har cirka 1,4 millioner indbyggere(Omkring 2,6 med forstæder). München har et areal på 310 km2.  

== Historie ==

München blev grundlagt i [[1158]] og blev hovedstad i [[Oberbayern]] i [[1225]]. 

Den svenske konge [[Gustav II Adolf]] besatte byen i 1632. 

I München havde [[nazisme|nationalsocialisterne]] en stærk base lige fra bevægelsens grundlæggelse; men der var også modstand mod bevægelsen. I Münchens Bürgerbräukeller forsøgte [[Georg Elser]] den [[8. november]] [[1939]] at dræbe [[Adolf Hitler]]. Hans attentat mislykkedes, og Elser blev skudt den 9. april 1945 i Dachau. Søskendeparret Sophie og [[Hans Scholl]] og andre medlemmer af "[[Weisse Rose|Weiße Rose]]" fejlede også, og søskendeparret blev henrettet i [[1943]].

Som andre tyske byer blev München ødelagt under [[2. verdenskrig]]; i dag er München præget af bygninger, der spillede en rolle i Hitlers tid. Den har meget kulturliv og en smuk omegn.

I [[1972]] afholdtes det [[Sommer-OL 1972|XX. sommer OL]] i München. Den bakkede [[Olympiapark]] med sine stadioner er bygget på byens ruiner (Schuttberge).
Under en terrorhandling begået af en gruppe palæstinensere omkom 11 [[israel]]ske sportsfolk og flere terrorister.

Siden [[OL]] har München haft et [[München U-Bahn|U-Bahn-system]], som stadigvæk bliver udbygget. Ved siden af U-Bahnen har München S-Bahn, sporvogn og busser. Sporvognene er moderne, og blev ikke afskaffet takket være overborgmester [[Hans-Jochen Vogel]] ([[SPD]]) i [[1970'erne]].
München er næsten altid regeret af SPD-borgmestre. Ligesom Bayern næsten altid er regeret af en [[CSU]]-ministerpræsident.

I [[2004]] bor der 1,4 mio. mennesker i München, hvoraf 25 % ikke er tyske statsborgere.

== Universiteter ==
Byens Ludwig-Maximilians-universitet (LMU) blev grundlagt i [[1472]]. I dag har München tre universiteter: LMU og [[Technische Universität München|TU, det tekniske universitet]] og Hochschule München.

== "Oktoberfest" og anden kultur ==
München er verdenskendt for sin "[[Oktoberfest]]", som finder sted hvert år i september. Festen  bliver åbnet af overborgmesteren og varer 16 dage på Theresienwiese (Wies'n). Oktoberfesten blev grundlagt [[17. oktober]] [[1810]] med et hestevæddeløb, som var en del af kronprins Ludwig og [[Therese von Sachsen Hildburghausen]]s bryllupsfest.
[[Fil:050324-muenchen-wikipedia.jpg|thumb|left|Bymidten i München]]
[[Fil:Monopteros in München.jpg|thumb|left|Englischer Garten]]
München har mange dejlige pladser (Marienplatz, Odeonsplatz), parker (Englischer Garten, Isarauen, Olympiapark, Nymphenburger Park), to [[operahus]]e, tre orkestre, tre [[pinakotek]]er og mange andre [[kunstmuseum|kunstmuseer]] og gallerier, teatre og biografer og det tekniske museum [[Deutsches Museum]].
Mange gadecafeer, Biergärten og restauranter og det store og livlige bøssemiljø i Glockenbach- og Gärtnerplatzviertel skaber en afslappet stemning.

=== Seværdighed ===
I byens ældste kerne, Altstadt, kan man endnu se bygninger (Alter Hof, Residenz) fra [[middelalderen]]. 

* Rådhusene i München
* Sankt Peter Kirche
* [[Frauenkirche (München)|Frauenkirche]] (Gotik)
* Michaelskirche (Renæssancen)
* Theatinerkirche (Barokken)
* Asamkirche (Barokken)
* Nationaltheater
* Residenz Palads
* [[Schloss Nymphenburg|Nymphenburg slotsanlæg]] med parken
* [[Oberschleißheim|Schleissheim slotsanlæg]] 
* Kunstareal museumskompleks: Alte Pinakothek, Neue Pinakothek, Pinakothek der Moderne, Glyptothek, Staatliche Antikensammlung, Museum Brandhorst, Ägyptische Staatssammlung
* [[Deutsches Museum]] (teknik)
* Bayerisches Nationalmuseum

* Englischer Garten med Monopertus
* Hofgarten med Dianatempel
* Isar

[[Fil:Munich - Maria column 05.jpg|thumb|right|Mariensäule]]

{{Commonsbilleder|München}}

== Fodnoter ==
{{reflist}}
{{Største byer i Tyskland}}
{{Største byer i EU}}
{{Landkreise i Bayern}}
{{Navboks Værtsbyer for Sommer-OL}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mynchen}}

[[Kategori:München| ]]


= Nuværende engelske artikel =

{{other uses of|Munich" or "München|Munich (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox German location
|Name                  =
|German_name           = München
|image_photo           = Munchen collage.jpg
|imagesize             = 300px
|image_caption         = From top left to bottom:<br />
The [[Munich Frauenkirche]], the [[Nymphenburg Palace]], the [[BMW]] [[BMW Headquarters|Headquarters]], the [[New Town Hall, Munich|New Town Hall]], the [[Hofgarten (Munich)|Munich Hofgarten]] and the [[Allianz Arena]].
|type                  = City
|Wappen                = DEU München COA.svg
|image_flag            = Flag of Munich (striped).svg|120px
|lat_deg               = 48 |lat_min= 8  |lat_sec= 0
|lon_deg               = 11 |lon_min= 34 |lon_sec= 0
|Bundesland            = Bavaria
|Regierungsbezirk      = Upper Bavaria
|Landkreis             = urban
|Höhe                  = 519
|Fläche                = 310.43
|Einwohner             = 1420000
|Stand                 = 2008-12-31
|pop_ref               = <ref>{{cite web |title=www.statistik.bayern.de|url=https://www.statistik.bayern.de/daten/bayern/bevoelkerung/ |author=Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung |accessdate=17 May 2008 |language=German}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref>
|pop_urban             = 2606021
|PLZ                   = 80331–81929
|PLZ-alt               = 8000
|Vorwahl               = 089
|Kfz                   = M
|Gemeindeschlüssel     = 09 1 62 000
|LOCODE                = DE MUC
|Gliederung            = [[Boroughs of Munich|25 boroughs]]
|Adresse               = Marienplatz 8<br/>80331 München
|Website               = [http://www.muenchen.de/ www.muenchen.de]
|Bürgermeister         = [[Christian Ude]]
|Bürgermeistertitel    = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei                = SPD
|ruling_party1         = SPD
|ruling_party2         = Green
|ruling_party3         = Rosa Liste
|year_of_first_mention = 1158
}}
'''Munich''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|juː|n|ɪ|k}}; {{lang-de|link=no|München}}, {{IPA-de|ˈmʏnçən|pron|De-München.ogg}},<ref>[[Names of European cities in different languages: M–P#M]]</ref> [[Austro-Bavarian|Bavarian]]: ''Minga'') is the capital and the largest city of the [[Germany|German]] state of [[Bavaria]]. It is located on the River [[Isar]] north of the [[Northern Limestone Alps|Bavarian Alps]]. Munich is the [[List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants|third largest city]] in Germany, behind [[Berlin]] and [[Hamburg]]. About 1.42&nbsp;million people live within the city limits. Munich was the host city of the [[1972 Summer Olympics]]. Its inhabitants are sometimes called ''Munichers'' in English.

The city's [[motto]] is "''{{lang|de|München mag dich}}''" (Munich likes you). Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" (Cosmopolitan city with a heart). Its native name, ''{{lang|de|München}}'', is derived from the [[Old High German]] ''Munichen'', meaning "by the [[monk]]s' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on [[Coat of arms of Munich|the city's coat of arms]]. Black and gold—the colours of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]—have been the city's official colours since the time of [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Ludwig the Bavarian]].

Modern Munich is a financial and publishing hub, and a frequently top-ranked destination for migration and expatriate location in livability rankings. Munich achieved 4th place in frequently quoted [[Mercer Quality of Living Survey|Mercer livability rankings]] in 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/quality_survey.html |title=Best cities in the world (Mercer) |publisher=City Mayors |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> and 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercer.com/qualityoflivingpr#city-rankings|title=Best cities in the world (Mercer) |publisher=City Mayors |accessdate=25 May 2013}}</ref> For economic and social innovation, the city was ranked 15th globally out of 289 cities in 2010, and 5th in Germany by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index based on analysis of 162 indicators.<ref>{{cite web|author=&nbsp;Print! &nbsp;Email! Author: 2thinknow |url=http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-top-100-index-top-cities/ |title=Innovation Cities™ Top 100 Index &#124; 2010 &#124; Innovation Cities Program – Analyst Reports, Index Rankings, Benchmarking Data, Workshops |publisher=Innovation-cities.com |date=1 September 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> In 2010, ''[[Monocle (2007 magazine)|Monocle]]'' ranked Munich as the [[World's most livable cities|world's most livable city]] (in 2012, Munich was ranked fifth in Monocle's ranking, yet remained the highest ranked city in Germany).<ref>{{cite web|title=Quality of Life Survey 2012|url=http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Web-Articles/The-Monocle-Quality-of-Life-Survey-2012/|publisher=Monocle|accessdate=1 August 2012}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Munich}}
[[File:Germany München Monks.jpg|thumb|Munich city [[Coat of arms of Munich|coat of arms]]]]

===Origin as medieval town===
The year 1158 is assumed to be the foundation date, which is only the earliest date the city is mentioned in a document. The document was signed in [[Augsburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stmf.bayern.de/ueber_uns/ausstellung_foyer/muenchner_pfennig/ |title=Ausstellung im Foyer |publisher=Stmf.bayern.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}</ref> By that time the [[House of Welf|Guelph]] [[Henry the Lion]], [[Duchy of Saxony|Duke of Saxony]] and [[List of rulers of Bavaria|Bavaria]], had built a bridge over the river Isar next to a settlement of [[Benedictine]] monks—this was on the [[Old Salt Route]] and a toll bridge.

In 1175, Munich was officially granted city status and received fortification. In 1180, with the trial of Henry the Lion, [[Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria|Otto I Wittelsbach]] became Duke of Bavaria and Munich was handed over to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Bishop of Freising]]. (Wittelsbach's heirs, the [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach dynasty]], would rule Bavaria until 1918.) In 1240, Munich was transferred to [[Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria|Otto II Wittelsbach]] and in 1255, when the [[Duchy of Bavaria]] was split in two, Munich became the ducal residence of [[Upper Bavaria]].

Duke [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1328. He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income. In the late 15th century Munich underwent a revival of [[gothic art]]s—the Old Town Hall was enlarged, and Munich's largest [[gothic architecture|gothic]] church, now a cathedral—the [[Munich Frauenkirche|Frauenkirche]]—constructed in only twenty years, starting in 1468.

===Capital of reunited Bavaria===
[[File:Marcktzumuenchen.png|thumb|left|[[Marienplatz]], Munich about 1650]]
[[File:Mun flags frauenkirche.jpg|thumb|upright|Banners with the colours of Munich (left) and Bavaria (right) with the [[Munich Frauenkirche|Frauenkirche]] in the background]]
When Bavaria was reunited in 1506, Munich became its capital. The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the court (see [[Orlande de Lassus|Orlando di Lasso]], [[Heinrich Schütz|Heinrich Schuetz]] and later [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] and [[Richard Wagner]]). During the 16th century Munich was a centre of the German [[Counter-Reformation|counter reformation]], and also of [[renaissance]] arts. Duke [[William V, Duke of Bavaria|Wilhelm V]] commissioned the Jesuit [[St. Michael's Church, Munich|Michaelskirche]], which became a centre for the counter-reformation, and also built the [[Hofbräuhaus]] for brewing brown beer in 1589.
The [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]] was founded in Munich in 1609.
In 1623 during the [[Thirty Years' War]] Munich became electoral residence when [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria]] was invested with the [[prince-elector|electoral dignity]] but in 1632 the city was occupied by [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustav II Adolph of Sweden]]. When the [[bubonic plague]] broke out in 1634 and 1635 about one third of the population died. Under the regency of the Bavarian electors Munich was an important centre of baroque life but also had to suffer under [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] occupations in 1704 and 1742.

In 1806, the city became the capital of the new [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], with the state's parliament (the ''[[Landtag]])'' and the new [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|archdiocese of Munich and Freising]] being located in the city. Twenty years later [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|Landshut University]] was moved to Munich. Many of the city's finest buildings belong to this period and were built under the first three Bavarian kings. Later Prince Regent [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Luitpold's]] years as regent were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich (see [[Franz Stuck|Franz von Stuck]] and [[Der Blaue Reiter]]).

===World War I to World War II===
Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During French air raids in 1916, three bombs fell on Munich.
After World War I, the city was at the centre of much political unrest. In November 1918 on the eve of revolution, [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|Ludwig III]] and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican [[List of Ministers-President of Bavaria|premier of Bavaria]] [[Kurt Eisner]] in February 1919 by [[Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley]], the [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed. When Communists had taken power, [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was put down on 3 May 1919 by the [[Freikorps]]. While the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of extremist politics, among which [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazism|National Socialism]] rose to prominence.

[[File:wardamage2.jpg|thumb|Bombing damage to the Altstadt. Note the roofless and pockmarked Altes Rathaus looking up the Tal. The roofless Heilig-Geist-Kirche is on the right of the photo. Its spire, without the copper top, is behind the church. The Talbruck gate tower is missing completely.]]
In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who were then concentrated in Munich, staged the [[Beer Hall Putsch]], an attempt to overthrow the [[Weimar Republic]] and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the [[Nazi Party]], which was virtually unknown outside Munich.

The city once again became a Nazi stronghold when the National Socialists took power in Germany in 1933. The National Socialist Workers Party created the first [[Internment|concentration camp]] at [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]], 10 miles (16&nbsp;km) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the ''Hauptstadt der Bewegung'' ("Capital of the Movement"). The [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]] headquarters was in Munich and many ''Führerbauten'' ("''Führer''-buildings") were built around the [[Königsplatz, Munich|Königsplatz]], some of which have survived to this day.

The city is known as the site of the culmination of the policy of [[Munich Agreement|appeasement]] employed by Britain and France leading up to World War II. It was in Munich that British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain assented to the annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region into Greater Germany in the hopes of sating the desires of Hitler's [[Third Reich]].

Munich was the base of the [[White Rose]], a student [[resistance movement]] from June 1942 to February 1943. The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|Munich University]] by [[White Rose|Hans and Sophie Scholl]].

The city was heavily damaged by allied bombing during World War II—the city was hit by 71 air raids over a period of six years.

===Postwar===
After US occupation in 1945, Munich was completely rebuilt following a meticulous and—by comparison to other war-ravaged [[West German]] cities—rather conservative plan which preserved its pre-war street grid. In 1957 Munich's population passed the 1 million mark.

Munich was the site of the [[1972 Summer Olympics]], during which [[Israel]]i athletes were assassinated by [[Palestinian Fedayeen|Palestinian fedayeen]] in the [[Munich massacre]], when gunmen from the Palestinian "[[Black September (group)|Black September]]" group took hostage members of the Israeli Olympic team.
[[File:BMW Welt Night.jpg|thumb|[[BMW Welt]]]]
Most Munich residents enjoy a high quality of life. Mercer HR Consulting consistently rates the city among the top 10 cities with the highest quality of life worldwide—a 2011 survey ranked Munich as 4th.<ref>[http://www.mercer.com/qualityoflivingpr#city-rankings]{{dead link|date=May 2013}} Mercer Human Resource Consulting</ref> The same company also ranks Munich as the world's 39th most expensive city to live in and the most expensive major city in Germany.<ref>[http://www.mercerhr.com/costofliving 2007 Cost of Living Report Munich] Mercer Human Resource Consulting</ref> Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven by the information technology, biotechnology, and publishing sectors. Environmental pollution is low, although as of 2006 the city council is concerned about levels of [[particulate|particulate matter]] (PM), especially along the city's major thoroughfares. Since the enactment of [[particulate#EU legislation|EU legislation concerning the concentration of particulate]] in the air, environmental groups such as [[Greenpeace]] have staged large protest rallies to urge the city council and the State government to take a harder stance on pollution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace-muenchen.de/index.php/archiv/aktuelle-themen/358-gesunde-luft-fuer-gesunde-buerger-stoppt-dieselruss-greenpeace-misst-feinstaub-und-dieselruss-in-muenchen.html |title=Gesunde Luft für Gesunde Bürger - Stoppt Dieselruß! - Greenpeace misst Feinstaub und Dieselruß in München |publisher=Greenpeace-Munich branch|date=2005-06-28 |accessdate=2012-07-25}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref>

Today, the crime rate is low compared to other large German cities, such as [[Hamburg]] or Berlin. This high quality of life and safety has caused the city to be nicknamed "[[Toytowngermany.com|Toytown]]" among the English-speaking residents. German inhabitants call it "Millionendorf", an expression which means "village of a million people".

==Geography==
[[File:20060416-Blick vom Monopteros.jpg|thumb|Munich: View from the [[Englischer Garten]]]]
Munich lies on the elevated plains of [[Upper Bavaria]], about {{convert|50|km|2|abbr=on}} north of the northern edge of the [[Alps]], at an altitude of about {{convert|520|m|2|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|ASL]]. The local rivers are the [[Isar]] and the [[Würm]].
Munich is situated in the Northern [[Foothills|Alpine Foreland]]. The northern part of this sandy plateau includes a highly fertile [[flint]] area which is no longer affected by the [[fold (geology)|folding]] processes found in the Alps, while the southern part is covered with [[moraine|morainic]] hills. Between these are fields of [[fluvio-glacial]] out-wash, such as around Munich. Wherever these deposits get thinner, the [[Groundwater|ground water]] can permeate the gravel surface and flood the area, leading to [[marsh]]es as in the north of Munich.

===Climate===
The city of Munich is classified in the Köppen classification as Cfb/Dfb (Oceanic/Humid continental climate). It is almost directly on the edge of two classifications, however, with the Dfb (Humid Continental Warm Summer Subtype) climate zone just to the east of the city.  

The warmest month of the year, on average, is July. The coolest month of the year, on average, is January.

Showers and thunderstorms bring the highest average monthly precipitation totals in late spring and throughout the summer. June, on average, records the most precipitation of any month. The winter months tend to bring lower precipitation, on average, and February averages the least amount of monthly precipitation for the year.

The higher elevation of Munich and the proximity of the Alps play a significant role on the climate, causing the city to have more rain and snow than many other parts of Germany. The Alps affect the city's climate in other ways, as well, including a warm downhill wind from the Alps (föhn wind), which can raise temperatures sharply within a few hours, even in the winter.

The location of Munich at the center of Europe dictates that many climatic factors impact the city, making for fluctuating weather conditions more often than in other locations on the continent, particularly compared with areas further west and those south of the Alps.

At Munich's official weather station, the highest and lowest temperatures ever measured are 37.1 C˚, on August 13, 2003, and -30.5 C˚, on January 21, 1942.

{{Weather box
|location= Munich
|metric first= Y
|single line= Y
|Jan record high C=17.2
|Feb record high C=21.1
|Mar record high C=23.3
|Apr record high C=26.6
|May record high C=30.0
|Jun record high C=33.8
|Jul record high C=36.1
|Aug record high C=37.1
|Sep record high C=30.0
|Oct record high C=26.1
|Nov record high C=18.8
|Dec record high C=20.5
|year record high C=37.1
|Jan high C= 1.1
|Feb high C= 3.5
|Mar high C= 8.4
|Apr high C= 13.3
|May high C= 18.0
|Jun high C= 21.4
|Jul high C= 23.8
|Aug high C= 22.9
|Sep high C= 19.4
|Oct high C= 13.6
|Nov high C= 6.5
|Dec high C= 2.3
|year high C= 12.81
|Jan mean C= -2.2
|Feb mean C= -0.4
|Mar mean C= 3.4
|Apr mean C= 7.6
|May mean C= 12.2
|Jun mean C= 15.4
|Jul mean C= 17.3
|Aug mean C= 16.6
|Sep mean C= 13.4
|Oct mean C= 8.2
|Nov mean C= 2.8
|Dec mean C= -0.9
|year mean C= 7.78
|Jan low C= -5.0
|Feb low C= -3.7
|Mar low C= 0.4
|Apr low C= 2.9
|May low C= 7.1
|Jun low C= 10.4
|Jul low C= 12.0
|Aug low C= 11.7
|Sep low C= 8.8
|Oct low C= 4.5
|Nov low C= 0.2
|Dec low C= -3.5
|year low C= 3.82
|Jan record low C=-30.5
|Feb record low C=-22.7
|Mar record low C=-15.5
|Apr record low C=-6.1
|May record low C=-2.7
|Jun record low C=-2.7
|Jul record low C=3.8
|Aug record low C=3.8
|Sep record low C=0
|Oct record low C=-6.1
|Nov record low C=-14.4
|Dec record low C=-21.1
|year record low C=-26.6
|Jan precipitation mm= 54.0
|Feb precipitation mm= 45.2
|Mar precipitation mm= 60.1
|Apr precipitation mm= 69.9
|May precipitation mm= 93.4
|Jun precipitation mm= 123.6
|Jul precipitation mm= 117.6
|Aug precipitation mm= 114.5
|Sep precipitation mm= 90.3
|Oct precipitation mm= 69.4
|Nov precipitation mm= 71.0
|Dec precipitation mm= 58.4
|Jan rain days= 10.0
|Feb rain days= 8.6
|Mar rain days= 10.5
|Apr rain days= 10.9
|May rain days= 11.6
|Jun rain days= 13.8
|Jul rain days= 12.0
|Aug rain days= 11.4
|Sep rain days= 9.6
|Oct rain days= 9.1
|Nov rain days= 10.7
|Dec rain days= 11.2
|Jan humidity=80
|Feb humidity=74
|Mar humidity=62
|Apr humidity=57
|May humidity=55
|Jun humidity=58
|Jul humidity=55
|Aug humidity=55
|Sep humidity=61
|Oct humidity=71
|Nov humidity=80
|Dec humidity=81
|year humidity=65.75
|Jan sun= 61
|Feb sun= 84
|Mar sun= 128
|Apr sun= 157
|May sun= 199
|Jun sun= 209
|Jul sun= 237
|Aug sun= 213
|Sep sun= 173
|Oct sun= 129
|Nov sun= 69
|Dec sun= 49
|source 1= [[World Meteorological Organisation]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
|url= http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00058.htm
|title= World Weather Information Service – Munich |date=June 2011}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
|source 2= {{cite web
|url= http://www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=gmxx0087&lang=en
|title= Climate Munich – Bavaria|date=April 2011
}}
|source 3= {{cite web
|url= http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/d/DL10870.php
|title= Muenchen-Flughafen, Germany|date=April 2011
}}
}}

==Demographics==
{{Main|Population Growth of Munich}}
In July 2007, Munich had 1.34&nbsp;million inhabitants; 300,129 of those did not hold [[German nationality law|German citizenship]]. The city has strong [[Turkey|Turkish]] and [[Balkans|Balkan]] communities. The largest groups of foreign nationals were [[Turkish people|Turks]] (43,309), [[Albanians]] (30,385), [[Croats]] (24,866), [[Serbs]] (24,439), [[Greeks]] (22,486), [[Austrians]] (21,411), and [[Italian people|Italians]] (20,847). 37% of foreign nationals come from the [[European Union]].

With 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the population doubled about every 30 years. For example, it had 100,000 people in 1852 and then 250,000 people in 1883; by 1901, the figure had doubled again to 500,000. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third largest city. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted and in 1957, Munich's population passed the 1 million mark.
[[File:St. Lukas München mit Kabelsteg.jpg|thumb|upright|Munich: [[St. Lukas (Munich)|St. Lukas]] and River Isar]]

49.3% of Munich's residents are not affiliated with any religious group, and this ratio represents the fastest growing segment of the population. As in the rest of Germany, the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches have experienced a continuous, slow decline in their memberships. As of 31 December 2010, 36.8% of the city's inhabitants were [[Roman Catholic]], 13.6% [[Protestantism|Protestant]], and 0.3% [[Jewish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mstatistik-muenchen.de/themen/bevoelkerung/jahreszahlen/jahreszahlen_2010/p_jt110119.pdf |title=Die Bevölkerung in den Stadtbezirken nach ausgewählten Konfessionen am 31.1<!-- interrupter -->2.2009 |accessdate=1 January 2009}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> There is also a small Old Catholic parish and an English-speaking parish of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] in the city.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.mstatistik-muenchen.de/themen/bevoelkerung/jahreszahlen/jahreszahlen_2008/p_jt090114.pdf |title=Die Bevölkerung in den Stadtbezirken nach ausgewählten Konfessionen am 31.12.2008 |publisher=Statistisches Amt München |language=German |accessdate=22 January 2010}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> There are also a significant number of Muslims living in Munich, most of them immigrants.

==Politics==
[[File:München - Stadtratswahl 2008 - Sitzverteilung.png|thumb|Results of the elections for the city council 2008]]
Munich's current mayor is [[Christian Ude]] of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]. Munich has been governed by the SPD for all but six years since 1948.  This  is remarkable because Bavaria—and particularly southern Bavaria—has long been a conservative stronghold, with the [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|Christian Social Union]] winning [[absolute majority|absolute majorities]] among the Bavarian electorate in many elections at the communal, state, and federal levels. Bavaria's second city, [[Nuremberg]], is also one of the very few Bavarian cities governed by a SPD-led coalition.

Munich is currently governed by a coalition of the SPD, the Greens and the Rosa Liste (Pink List, a gay rights party).

As the capital of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich is an important political centre in Germany and the seat of the [[Landtag of Bavaria|Bavarian State Parliament]], the Staatskanzlei (the State Chancellery) and of all state departments.

Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the [[Federal Finance Court of Germany]] and the [[European Patent Office]].

==Subdivisions==
{{Main|Boroughs of Munich}}
[[File:Stadtbezirke Lage in München.png|thumb|left|200px|Munich's Boroughs]]
Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 [[borough]]s or ''Stadtbezirke''.

[[Allach-Untermenzing]] (23), [[Altstadt-Lehel]] (1), [[Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied]] (22), [[Au-Haidhausen]] (5), [[Berg am Laim]] (14), [[Bogenhausen]] (13), Feldmoching-Hasenbergl (24), [[Hadern]] (20), [[Laim]] (25), [[Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt]] (2), [[Maxvorstadt]] (3), [[Milbertshofen-Am Hart]] (11), [[Moosach]] (10), [[Neuhausen-Nymphenburg]] (9), [[Obergiesing]] (17), [[Pasing]]-[[Obermenzing]] (21), Ramersdorf-[[Perlach]] (16), [[Schwabing|Schwabing-Freimann]] (12), [[Schwabing|Schwabing-West]] (4), Schwanthalerhöhe (8), [[Sendling]] (6), Sendling-Westpark (7), [[Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln]] (19), [[Trudering]]-Riem (15) and [[Untergiesing-Harlaching]] (18).

==Architecture==
{{Main|Architecture of Munich}}
[[File:Rathaus and Marienplatz from Peterskirche - August 2006.jpg|thumb|The New Town Hall and [[Marienplatz]]]]
[[File:Frauenkirche Munich - View from Peterskirche Tower2.jpg|thumb|[[Munich Frauenkirche|Frauenkirche]]]]
The city is an inspiring mix of historic buildings and impressive architecture, since Munich reconstructed the ruins of their historic buildings but also created new landmarks of architecture. A survey, conducted by the Society's Center for Sustainable Destinations for the [[National Geographic Traveler]], chose over 100 historic places around the world and ranked Munich as the 30th best destination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/historic-destinations-rated/list-text |title=Best 110 historic places worldwide |publisher=Traveler.nationalgeographic.com |accessdate=14 April 2010}}</ref>

===The inner city===
At the centre of the city is the ''[[Marienplatz]]''—a large open square named after the Mariensäule, a [[Marian and Holy Trinity columns|Marian column]] in its centre—with the [[Old Town Hall, Munich|Old]] and the [[New Town Hall, Munich|New Town Hall]]. Its tower contains the ''[[Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]''. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification have survived to this day—the ''[[Isartor]]'' in the east, the ''[[Sendlinger Tor]]'' in the south and the ''[[Karlstor]]'' in the west of the inner city. The Karlstor leads up to the ''[[Karlsplatz (Stachus)|Stachus]]'', a grand square dominated by the ''[[Justizpalast (Munich)|Justizpalast]] (Palace of Justice)'' and a fountain.
[[File:Bayerisches Nationalmuseum - Muenchen - 2013.jpg|thumb|left|[[Bavarian National Museum]]]]
The ''[[St. Peter's Church, Munich|Peterskirche]]'' close to Marienplatz is the oldest church of the inner city. It was first built during the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] period, and was the focus of the early monastic settlement in Munich before the city's official foundation in 1158. Nearby St. Peter the Gothic hall-church ''[[Heiliggeistkirche (Munich)|Heiliggeistkirche]]'' (The Church of the Holy Spirit) was converted to baroque style from 1724 onwards and looks down upon the [[Viktualienmarkt]], the most popular market of Munich.

The ''[[Munich Frauenkirche|Frauenkirche]]'' is the most famous building in the city centre and serves as the cathedral for the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archdiocese of Munich and Freising]].
The nearby ''[[St. Michael's Church, Munich|Michaelskirche]]'' is the largest [[renaissance]] church north of the Alps, while the ''[[Theatine Church, Munich|Theatinerkirche]]'' is a [[basilica]] in Italianate high baroque which had a major influence on Southern German [[baroque]] architecture. Its dome dominates the [[Odeonsplatz]]. Other baroque churches in the inner city which are worth a detour are the ''[[Bürgersaalkirche (Munich)|Bürgersaalkirche]]'', the ''[[Trinity Church (Munich)|Dreifaltigkeitskirche]]'', the ''[[St. Anna Damenstiftskirche (Munich)|St. Anna Damenstiftskirche]]'' and ''[[Parish Church of St. Anna (Lehel, Munich)|St. Anna im Lehel]]'', the first [[rococo]] church in Bavaria. The ''[[Asamkirche, Munich|Asamkirche]]'' was endowed and built by the Brothers [[Cosmas Damian Asam|Asam]], pioneering artists of the rococo period.

The large ''[[Munich Residenz|Residenz]]'' palace complex (begun in 1385) on the edge of Munich's Old Town ranks among Europe's most significant museums of interior decoration. Having undergone several extensions, it contains also the [[Schatzkammer|treasury]] and the splendid rococo ''[[Cuvilliés Theatre]]''. Next door to the Residenz the neo-classical opera, the ''[[National Theatre Munich|National Theatre]]'' was erected. Among the baroque and neoclassical mansions which still exist in Munich are the ''[[Palais Porcia]]'', the ''[[Palais Preysing]]'', the ''[[Palais Holnstein]]'' and the ''[[Prinz-Carl-Palais]]''. All mansions are situated close to the Residenz, same as the ''[[Alter Hof|Alte Hof]]'', a medieval castle and first residence of the Wittelsbach dukes in Munich.

The inner city has been recreated<ref>http://www.munichsl.com/ Munich in SL</ref> in the virtual world of [[Second Life]] and can be visited for a virtual sight seeing tour.

===The royal avenues and squares===
[[File:Ludwigstraße, München.jpg|thumb|[[Ludwigstraße (Munich)|Ludwigstrasse]]]]

Four grand royal avenues of the 19th century with magnificent official buildings connect Munich's inner city with the suburbs:

The neoclassical ''[[Brienner Straße (Munich)|Briennerstrasse]]'', starting at ''[[Odeonsplatz]]'' on the northern fringe of the Old Town close to the Residenz, runs from east to west and opens into the impressive ''[[Königsplatz, Munich|Königsplatz]]'', designed with the "[[Doric order|Doric]]" ''[[Propylaea (Munich)|Propyläen]]'', the "[[Ionic order|Ionic]]" ''[[Glyptothek]]'' and the "[[Corinthian order|Corinthian]]" ''[[Staatliche Antikensammlungen|State Museum of Classical Art]]'', on its back side [[St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich|St. Boniface's Abbey]] was erected. The area around Königsplatz is home to the [[Kunstareal]], Munich's gallery and museum quarter (as described [[Munich#Museums|below]]).

''[[Ludwigstraße (Munich)|Ludwigstrasse]]'' also begins at ''Odeonsplatz'' and runs from south to north, skirting the ''[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität]]'', the ''[[Ludwigskirche (Munich)|St. Louis church]]'', the ''[[Bavarian State Library]]'' and numerous state ministries and palaces. The southern part of the avenue was constructed in Italian renaissance style while the north is strongly influenced by Italian Romanesque architecture.
[[File:Maximilianeum.jpg|thumb|[[Maximilianeum]]]]

The neo-Gothic ''[[Maximilianstraße (Munich)|Maximilianstraße]]'' starts at ''[[Max-Joseph-Platz]]'', where the ''Residenz'' and the National Theatre are situated, and runs from west to east. The avenue is framed by neo-Gothic buildings which house, among others, the ''[[Munich Kammerspiele|Schauspielhaus]]'' and the ''Building of the district government of Upper Bavaria'' and the ''[[State Museum of Ethnology|Museum of Ethnology]]''. After crossing the river Isar, the avenue circles the ''[[Maximilianeum]]'', home of the [[Landtag of Bavaria|state parliament]]. The western portion of Maximilianstraße is known for its designer shops, luxury boutiques, jewellery stores, and one of Munich's foremost five-star hotels, the ''Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten''.

''[[Prinzregentenstraße (Munich)|Prinzregentenstrasse]]'' runs parallel to Maximilianstraße and begins at ''[[Prinz-Carl-Palais]]''. Many museums can be found along the avenue, such as the ''[[Haus der Kunst]]'', the ''[[Bavarian National Museum]]'' and the ''[[Schackgalerie]]''. The avenue crosses the Isar and circles the ''Friedensengel monument'' passing the ''Villa Stuck'' and Hitler's old apartment. The ''[[Prinzregententheater]]'' is at Prinzregentenplatz further to the east.

===Other boroughs===
[[File:Image-Schloss Nymphenburg Munich CC edit3.jpg|thumb|[[Nymphenburg Palace]]]]
Two large baroque palaces in Nymphenburg and Oberschleissheim are reminders of Bavaria's royal past. ''Schloss Nymphenburg'' (''[[Nymphenburg Palace]]''), some 6&nbsp;km north west of the city centre, is surrounded by an impressive park and is considered to be one of Europe's most beautiful royal residences. 2&nbsp;km north west of Nymphenburg Palace is ''Schloss Blutenburg'' (''[[Blutenburg Castle]]''), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. ''Schloss Fürstenried'' (''[[Fürstenried Palace]]''), a baroque palace of similar structure to Nymphenburg but of much smaller size, was erected around the same time in the south west of Munich. The second large baroque residence is ''Schloss Schleissheim'' (''[[Schleissheim Palace]]''), located in the suburb of [[Oberschleißheim|Oberschleissheim]], a palace complex encompassing three separate residences: ''Altes Schloss Schleissheim'' (the old palace), ''Neues Schloss Schleissheim'' (the new palace) and ''Schloss Lustheim'' (Lustheim Palace). Most parts of the palace complex serve as museums and art galleries. [[Deutsches Museum]]'s ''Flugwerft Schleissheim'' flight exhibition centre is located nearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field. The [[Grünwald castle]] is the only medieval castle in the Munich area which still exisists.
[[File:BMW-HQ.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[BMW]] Headquarters]]

''[[St Michael in Berg am Laim (Munich)|St Michael in Berg am Laim]]'' might be the most remarkable church out of the inner city. Most of the boroughs have parish churches which originate from the Middle Ages like the most famous church of pilgrimage in Munich ''[[St. Mary's Church, Ramersdorf|St Mary in Ramersdorf]]''. The oldest church within the city borders is ''Heilig Kreuz'' in Fröttmaning next to the Allianz-Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco.
Especially in its suburbs, Munich features a wide and diverse array of modern architecture, although strict culturally sensitive height limitations for buildings have limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views to the distant Bavarian Alps. Most high-rise buildings are clustered at the northern edge of Munich in the skyline, like the ''[[Hypo-Haus]]'', the ''[[Arabella High-Rise Building]]'', the ''[[Highlight Towers]]'', ''[[Uptown Munich]]'', ''Münchner Tor'' and the ''[[BMW Headquarters]]'' next to the Olympic Park. Several other high-rise buildings are located near the city centre and on the [[Siemens]] campus in southern Munich. A landmark of modern Munich is also the architecture of the sport stadiums (as described [[Munich#Sports|below]]).

In Fasangarten is the former [[McGraw Kaserne]], a former U.S. army base, near [[Stadelheim Prison]].

===Parks===
[[File:München Hofgartentempel.jpg|thumb|Hofgarten with the dome of the state chancellery near the [[Munich Residenz|Residenz]]]]
Munich is a green city with numerous parks. The ''[[Englischer Garten]]'', close to the city centre and covering an area of 3.7&nbsp;km² (larger than Central Park in New York), is one of the world's largest urban public parks, and contains a [[Naturism|nudist]] area, jogging tracks and bridle-paths. It was designed and laid out by [[Benjamin Thompson]], Count of Rumford, for both pleasure and as a work area for the city's vagrants and homeless. Nowadays it is entirely a park with a [[Beer garden|Biergarten]] at the Chinese Pagoda.

Other large green spaces are the modern ''[[Olympiapark, Munich|Olympiapark]]'', ''[[Westpark (Munich)|Westpark]]'', and the parks of [[Nymphenburg Palace]] (with the [[Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg]] to the north), and [[Schleissheim Palace]]. The city's oldest park is the ''[[Hofgarten (Munich)|Hofgarten]]'', near the Residenz, and dating back to the 16th century. Best known for the largest beergarden in the town is the former royal ''Hirschgarten'', founded in 1780 for deer which still live there.

The city's [[zoo]] is the ''[[Tierpark Hellabrunn]]'' near the Flaucher Island in the Isar in the south of the city. Another notable park is Ostpark, located in Perlach-Ramersdorf area which houses the swimming area, ''Michaelibad'', one of the largest in Munich.

==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Munich|}}
[[File:Allianz Arena zu verschiedenen Zeiten.jpg|thumb|[[Allianz Arena]], the home stadium of [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] and [[TSV 1860 München|1860 Munich]]]]

===Football===
{{Main|Football in Munich}}
Munich is home to several professional [[Association football|football]] teams including [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], Germany's most successful club and a multiple [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] winner. The Munich area currently has three teams ([[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], [[TSV 1860 Munich|1860 Munich]] and [[SpVgg Unterhaching]]) in the [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] system, which comprises the three top divisions of [[Football in Germany|German football]].

===Basketball===
[[FC Bayern Munich (basketball)|FC Bayern Munich Basketball]] currently playing in Beko Basket Bundesliga.

===Hockey===
The city's ice hockey club is [[Eishockeyclub München|EHC Munich]].

===Olympics===
[[File:Olympiasee.jpg|thumb|Olympiasee]]
[[File:Munich Olympiapark.jpg|thumb|left|Olympiasee in Olympiapark, Munich]]
Munich has also hosted the [[1972 Summer Olympics]] and was one of the host cities for the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 Football World Cup]] which was not held in Munich's [[Olympic Stadium (Munich)|Olympic Stadium]] but in a new [[Soccer-specific stadium|football specific stadium]], the [[Allianz Arena]].

Munich bid to host the [[2018 Winter Olympic Games]] but lost to [[Pyeongchang]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympia 2018 in Südkorea, München chancenlos|url=http://www.welt.de/sport/article13471894/Olympia-2018-in-Suedkorea-Muenchen-chancenlos.html|accessdate=6 July 2011|newspaper=[[Die Welt]]|date=6 July 2011|language=German}}</ref> In September 2011 the [[DOSB]] President [[Thomas Bach]] confirmed that Munich would bid again for the Winter Olympics in the future.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/winter_olympic_bids/future_bids_2018/1216135909.html]{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Language===

{{Main|Austro-Bavarian language}}
The [[Austro-Bavarian language]] is also spoken in and around Munich, with its variety ''Upper Bavarian'' (''Oberbayrisch''). Austro-Bavarian has no official status by the Bavarian authorities or local government yet is recognised by the [[SIL International|SIL]] and has its own ISO-639 code.

===Museums===
The ''[[Deutsches Museum]]'' or German Museum, located on an island in the River Isar, is the largest and one of the oldest science museums in the world. Three redundant exhibition buildings which are under a protection order were converted to house the ''Verkehrsmuseum'', which houses the land transport collections of the Deutsches Museum. Deutsches Museum's ''Flugwerft Schleissheim'' flight exhibition centre is located nearby, on the Schleissheim Special Landing Field.
Several non-centralised museums (many of those are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) show the expanded state collections of [[Paläontologisches Museum München|palaeontology]], geology, [[mineralogy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~Mineralogische.Staatssammlung/ |title=Museum Reich der Kristalle München |publisher=Lrz-muenchen.de |accessdate=5 May 2009}}</ref> [[Zoologische Staatssammlung München|zoology]], botany and anthropology.
[[File:Glyptothek in München.jpg|thumb|The [[Glyptothek]]]]
The city has several important [[art museum|art galleries]], most of which can be found in the ''[[Kunstareal]]'', including the ''[[Alte Pinakothek]]'', the ''[[Neue Pinakothek]]'', the ''[[Pinakothek der Moderne]]'' and the ''[[Museum Brandhorst]]''. Alte Pinakothek's monolithic structure contains a treasure trove of the works of European masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. The collection reflects the eclectic tastes of the Wittelsbachs over four centuries, and is sorted by schools over two sprawling floors. Major displays include [[Albrecht Dürer]]'s Christ-like Self-Portrait, his Four Apostles, [[Raphael|Raphael's]] paintings'' [[Canigiani Holy Family (Raphael)|The Canigiani Holy Family]]'' and'' [[Tempi Madonna (Raphael)|Madonna Tempi]]'' as well as [[Peter Paul Rubens]] two-storey-high ''Judgment Day''. The gallery houses one of the world's most comprehensive Rubens collections. Before World War I, the [[Der Blaue Reiter|Blaue Reiter]] group of artists worked in Munich. Many of their works can now be seen at the ''[[Lenbachhaus]]''.
An important collection of Greek and Roman art is held in the ''[[Glyptothek]]'' and the ''[[Staatliche Antikensammlungen|Staatliche Antikensammlung]]'' (State Antiquities Collection). King Ludwig I managed to acquire such famous pieces as the [[Medusa Rondanini]], the [[Barberini Faun]] and figures from the [[Temple of Aphaea]] on [[Aegina]] for the Glyptothek. The [[Kunstareal]] will be further augmented by the completion of the ''[[Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst|Egyptian Museum]]''.

The famous gothic [[Morris dance]]rs of [[Erasmus Grasser]] are exhibited in the ''[[Munich Stadtmuseum|Munich City Museum]]'' in the old gothic arsenal building in the inner city.

Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is the [[Altstadt-Lehel|Lehel]] quarter between the old town and the river Isar: The ''[[State Museum of Ethnology]]'' in Maximilianstraße is the second largest collection in Germany of artifacts and objects from outside Europe, while the ''[[Bavarian National Museum]]'' and the adjoining ''[[Bavarian State Archaeological Collection]]'' in Prinzregentenstrasse rank among Europe's major art and cultural history museums. The nearby ''[[Schackgalerie]]'' is an important gallery of German 19th century paintings.

The former [[Dachau concentration camp]] is 16 kilometres outside the city.

===Arts and literature===
Munich is a major European cultural centre and has played host to many prominent composers including [[Orlande de Lassus|Orlando di Lasso]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|W.A. Mozart]], [[Carl Maria von Weber]], [[Richard Wagner]], [[Gustav Mahler]], [[Richard Strauss]], [[Max Reger]] and [[Carl Orff]]. With the [[Munich Biennale]] founded by [[Hans Werner Henze]], and the [[A*Devantgarde|A*DEvantgarde]] festival, the city still contributes to modern music theatre.
[[File:München Nationaltheater Interior.jpg|thumb|[[National Theatre Munich|National Theatre]]]]
The ''[[National Theatre Munich|Nationaltheater]]'' where several of [[Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner's]] operas had their premieres under the patronage of [[Ludwig II of Bavaria]] is the home of the [[Bavarian State Opera]] and the [[Bavarian State Orchestra]]. Next door the modern ''[[Residenz Theatre]]'' was erected in the building that had housed the ''[[Cuvilliés Theatre]]'' before World War II. Many operas were staged there, including the premiere of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart's]] "Idomeneo" in 1781. The ''[[Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz|Gärtnerplatz Theatre]]'' is a ballet and musical state theatre while another opera house the ''[[Prinzregententheater]]'' has become the home of the Bavarian Theatre Academy.
The modern ''[[Gasteig]]'' center houses the [[Munich Philharmonic|Munich Philharmonic Orchestra]]. The third orchestra in Munich with international importance is the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]]. Its primary concert venue is the ''Herkulesaal'' in the former city royal residence, the Residenz. A stage for shows, big events and musicals is the ''[[Deutsches Theater München|Deutsche Theater]]''. It is Germany's largest theatre for guest performances.
[[File:FriedensengelMunchen.JPG|thumb|The ''Golden Friedensengel'']]
Next to the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in the Residenz Theatre (Residenztheater), the ''[[Munich Kammerspiele]]'' in the Schauspielhaus is one of the most important German language theatres in the world. Since [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]]'s premieres in 1775 many important writers have staged their plays in Munich such as [[Christian Friedrich Hebbel]], [[Henrik Ibsen]] and [[Hugo von Hofmannsthal]].

The city is known as the second largest publishing center in the world (around 250 publishing houses have offices in the city), and many national and international publications are published in Munich, such as Arts in Munich, LAXMag and Prinz.

Prominent literary figures worked in Munich especially during the final centuries of the Kingdom of Bavaria such as [[Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse|Paul Heyse]], [[Max Halbe]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]] and [[Frank Wedekind]].
The period immediately before World War I saw economic and cultural prominence for the city. Munich, and especially its suburb of [[Schwabing]], became the domicile of many artists and writers. [[Thomas Mann]], who also lived there, wrote ironically in his novella ''Gladius Dei'' about this period, "Munich shone". It remained a centre of cultural life during the Weimar period with figures such as [[Lion Feuchtwanger]], [[Bertolt Brecht]] and [[Oskar Maria Graf]]. In 1919 the [[Bavaria Film Studios]] were founded.

From the Gothic to the Baroque era, the fine arts were represented in Munich by artists like [[Erasmus Grasser]], [[Jan Polack]], [[Johann Baptist Straub]], [[Ignaz Günther]], [[Hans Krumpper]], [[Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler|Ludwig von Schwanthaler]], [[Cosmas Damian Asam]], [[Egid Quirin Asam]], [[Johann Baptist Zimmermann]], [[Johann Michael Fischer]] and [[François de Cuvilliés]].
Munich had already become an important place for painters like [[Carl Rottmann]], [[Lovis Corinth]], [[Wilhelm von Kaulbach]], [[Carl Spitzweg]], [[Franz von Lenbach]], [[Franz Stuck|Franz von Stuck]] and [[Wilhelm Leibl]] when [[Der Blaue Reiter]] (The Blue Rider), a group of expressionist artists, was established in Munich in 1911. The city was home to the Blue Rider's painters [[Paul Klee]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Alexej von Jawlensky]], [[Gabriele Münter]], [[Franz Marc]], [[August Macke]] and [[Alfred Kubin]].

===Hofbräuhaus and Oktoberfest===
{{Main|Oktoberfest}}
[[File:BeergartenenMunich.jpg|thumb|[[Hofbräuhaus]]]]
[[File:Oktoberfest1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Oktoberfest]] (2003)]]
The [[Hofbräuhaus am Platzl]], arguably the most famous beer hall worldwide, is located in the city centre. It also operates the second largest tent at the [[Oktoberfest]], one of Munich's most famous attractions. For two weeks, the Oktoberfest attracts millions of people visiting its beer tents ("Bierzelte") and fairground attractions. The Oktoberfest was first held on 12 October 1810 in honour of the marriage of crown prince [[Ludwig I of Bavaria|Ludwig]] to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen. The festivities were closed with a horse race and in the following years the horse races were continued and later developed into what is now known as the Oktoberfest. Despite its name, most of Oktoberfest occurs in September. It always finishes on the first Sunday in October unless the German national holiday on 3 October ("Tag der deutschen Einheit"-Day of German Unity) is a Monday or Tuesday-then the Oktoberfest remains open for these days.

===Culinary specialities===
[[File:Weisswurst.jpg|thumb|[[Weisswurst|Weisswürste]] with süßer Senf (sweet [[mustard (condiment)|mustard]]) and a [[pretzel|Brezel]] (Pretzel)]]

The [[Weisswurst|''Weißwurst'']] ('white sausage') is a Munich speciality. Traditionally eaten only before 12:00 noon—a tradition dating to a time before refrigerators—these morsels are often served with sweet mustard and freshly baked [[pretzel]]s. [[Leberkäse|Leberkäs]], Bavarian baked sausage loaf, often served with potato salad, is another delicacy of the region.

The most famous soup might be the ''Leberknödel'' Soup. ''Leberknödel'' is a bread dumpling seasoned with liver and onions.

''Schweinsbraten'' (pot roasted pork) with ''Knödel'' (dumplings made from potatoes or white bread) and ''Kraut'' (cabbage) or a ''Schweinshaxe'' (pork knuckle) are served as lunch or dinner. ''Beuscherl'', a plate of lung, heart and spleen is also served with dumplings.

Popular as dessert is the ''Apfelstrudel'' (apple) [[strudel]] with vanilla sauce, the ''[[Millirahmstrudel]]'' a cream cheese strudel, ''Dampfnudeln'' (yeast dumplings served with custard) or ''Auszogene'', a fried pastry shaped like a large donut but without a hole. And there is also the famous ''[[Prinzregententorte]]'' created in honour of the prince regent [[Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria|Luitpold]].

Some specialities are typical cold dishes served in [[beer garden|beergarden]]s: ''[[Obatzda]]'' is a Bavarian cheese delicacy, a savoury blend of smashed mellow camembert prepared with cream cheese, cut onions and spicy paprika (and sometimes some butter). It's often served in the beer gardens along with ''Radi'', white radish cut in thin slices and salted, and ''Münchner [[Wurstsalat]]'', Munich's famous sausage salad with thinly sliced Knackwurst marinated in vinegar and oil with onions on a bed of lettuce. Popular grilled meals include ''Steckerlfisch'' which is usually [[Mackerel]], but may also be a local fish, such as trout or whitefish, speared on a wooden stick, grilled and smoked on charcoal—the typical feature is the crispy skin. Another classic is ''A hoibs [[Hendl]]'' (half a grilled chicken). A ''Mass'' (die Maß) is a litre of beer, a ''Radler'' consists of half beer and half lemonade.

===Local beers===
Munich is famous for its breweries and the ''[[Weissbier]]'' (or ''Weizenbier'', wheat beer) is a speciality from Bavaria. ''[[Pale lager|Helles]]'' with its translucent gold colour is the most popular Munich beer today, although it’s not old (only introduced in 1895). Helles and [[Pilsener|Pils]] have almost ousted the ''Munich Dark Beer'' (''[[Dunkel|Dunkles]]''), which gets its dark colour from burnt malt, the most popular beer in Munich within the 19th century. ''Starkbier'' is the strongest Munich beer, containing 6–9 percent alcohol. It is dark amber and has a heavy malty taste. It is available and popular during the Lenten ''Starkbierzeit'' (strong beer season), which begins on or before St. Joseph’s Day (19 March). There are around 20 major [[beer garden]]s, with four of the most famous and popular being located in the [[Englischer Garten]] and the largest one in the Hirschgarten.
*[[Augustiner Bräu]]
*[[Paulaner]]
*[[Hacker-Pschorr Brewery|Hacker-Pschorr]]
*[[Hofbräuhaus|Hofbräu]]
*[[Löwenbräu]]
*[[Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu]]

===Markets===
The ''[[Viktualienmarkt]]'' is Munich's most popular market for fresh food and delicatessen. A very old feature of Munich's Fasching (carnival) is the dance of the Marktfrauen (market women) of the Viktualienmarkt in comical costumes.

The ''[[Auer Dult]]'' is held three times a year on the square around Mariahilf church and is one of Munich's oldest markets, well known for its hardware, trinkets and antiques.

Three weeks before Christmas the ''[[Christmas market|Christkindlmarkt]]'' opens at Marienplatz and other squares in the city, selling Christmas goods.

===Nightlife===
[[Nightlife]] in Munich is thriving with over 6,000 licensed establishments in the city, especially in [[Schwabing]], which is still the main quarter for students and artists. Some notable establishments are:
*the touristy ''Hofbräuhaus'', one of the oldest breweries in Munich, located in the city centre near Tal
*Kultfabrik (formerly known as Kunstpark Ost) and Optimolwerke, former industrial compounds converted to host many different discos and pubs
*Munich's gay quarter is located in the borough Isarvorstadt, surrounding the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz, and is also known as the Glockenbachviertel

===Circus ===
The [[Circus Krone]] is based in Munich, it is one of the largest circus in Europe<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.munichfound.com/sightseeing/all_landmarks/circuskrone/ |title=Circus Krone: Europe's largest traditional circus |publisher=Munichfound.com |month=December |year=2005 |accessdate=2013-05-01}}</ref> and one of the few in Western Europe to also occupy a [[Circus Krone Building|building]].

==Colleges and universities==
Munich is a leading location for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize laureates from [[Wilhelm Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] in 1901 to [[Theodor W. Hänsch|Theodor Hänsch]] in 2005. Munich has become a spiritual centre already since the times of Emperor Louis IV when philosophers like [[Michael of Cesena]], [[Marsilius of Padua]] and [[William of Ockham]] were protected at the emperor's court. The Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and the Technische Universität München (TU or TUM), were two of the first three German universities to be awarded the title ''elite university'' by a selection committee composed of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the German states (Länder). Only the two Munich universities and the Technical University of Karlsruhe (now part of [[Karlsruhe Institute of Technology]]) have held this honour, and the implied greater chances of attracting research funds, since the first evaluation round in 2006.
[[File:Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.jpg|thumb|Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University]]
[[File:Hochschule Muenchen Ansicht Lothstrasse.jpg|thumb|Munich University of Applied Sciences]]
*[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] (LMU), founded in 1472 in [[Ingolstadt]], moved to Munich in 1826
*[[Technical University of Munich]] (TUM), founded in 1868
*[[Ukrainian Free University]], founded in 1921 (from 1945 – in Munich)
*[[Munich Business School]] (MBS), founded in 1991
*[[Munich University of Applied Sciences]] (HM), founded in 1971
*[[Munich Intellectual Property Law Center]] (MIPLC)
*[[Bundeswehr University Munich]], founded in 1973 (located in [[Neubiberg]])
*[[Pionierschule und Fachschule des Heeres für Bautechnik]]
*[[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München]], founded in 1830
*[[Academy of Fine Arts Munich|Akademie der Bildenden Künste München]], founded in 1808
*[[University of Television and Film Munich]] (''Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film''), founded in 1966
*[[Munich School of Philosophy]], founded in 1925 in [[Pullach]], moved to Munich in 1971
*[[Munich School of Political Science]]
*[[Katholische Stiftungsfachhochschule München]], founded in 1971
*[[International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences]] [http://www.imprs-ls.de/],
*[[International School of Management (ISM)|International School of Management]] [http://www.ism.de/]
*[[German school for journalists|Deutsche Journalistenschule]], founded in 1959

==Scientific research institutions==

===Max Planck Society===
The [[Max Planck Society]], an independent German non-profit research organization, has its administrative headquarters in Munich. The following institutes are located in the Munich area:
*[[Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics]], [[Garching bei München|Garching]]
*[[Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry]], [[Martinsried]]
*[[Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics]], [[Garching bei München|Garching]]
*[[Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law]], München
*[[Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law]], München
*[[Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology]], [[Martinsried]]
*[[Max Planck Institute for Ornithology]], [[Andechs]]-[[Erling, Germany|Erling]] (Biological Rhythms and Behaviour), [[Radolfzell]], [[Seewiesen]] (Reproductive Biology and Behaviour)[http://www.orn.mpg.de/]
*[[Max Planck Institute for Physics]] ([[Max Planck Institute for Physics|Werner Heisenberg Institute]]), München
*[[Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik|Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics]], [[Garching bei München|Garching]] (also in [[Greifswald]])
*[[Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry]], München
*[[Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research]], München (closed)
*[[Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics]], [[Garching bei München|Garching]]

===Other research institutes===
*[[Botanische Staatssammlung München]], a notable [[herbarium]]
*[[Fraunhofer Society|Fraunhofer Institute]]
*[[European Southern Observatory]]
*[[Helmholtz Zentrum München]]
*[[Doerner Institute]]
*[[CESifo]], theoretical and applied research in economics and finance

==Economy==
[[File:BMW building munich.jpg|thumb|[[BMW Headquarters]] building (one of the few buildings that have been built from the top to the bottom) and the bowl shaped BMW museum]]
Munich has the strongest economy of any German city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icm-muenchen.de/en/Home/cn/kongressstadt/daten_fakten |title=Study conducted by INSM (New Social Market Economy Initiative) and WirtschaftsWoche magazine |publisher=Icm-muenchen.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> and the lowest unemployment rate (5.6%) of any German city with more than a million people (the others being Berlin, Hamburg and [[Cologne]]).<ref>{{cite web|author=Maik-Torsten Schade, Klaus Steinhauer |url=http://www.pub.arbeitsamt.de/hst/services/statistik/000000/html/start/karten/aloq_kreis_226.html |title=Statistik der BA - BA-SH 524 / 521 |publisher=Pub.arbeitsamt.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Artikel empfehlen: |url=http://www.koeln.de/koeln/die_domstadt/endlich_amtlich_koeln_ist_millionenstadt_367287.html |title=Endlich amtlich: Köln ist Millionenstadt |publisher=Koeln.de |date=27 September 2010 |accessdate=15 September 2011}}</ref> The city is also the economic centre of [[southern Germany]]. The initiative “Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM)” (New Social Market Economy) and the “[[Wirtschaftswoche|WirtschaftsWoche]]” (Business Weekly) magazine awarded Munich the top score in their comparative survey for the third time in June 2006. Munich topped the ranking of the magazine “Capital” in February 2005 for the economic prospects between 2002 and 2011 in sixty German cities. Munich is considered a [[global city]] {{by whom|date=June 2013}} and holds the headquarters of [[Siemens|Siemens AG]] (electronics), [[BMW]] (car), [[MAN SE|MAN AG]] (truck manufacturer, engineering), [[The Linde Group|Linde]] (gases), [[Allianz]] (insurance), [[Munich Re]] ([[Reinsurance|re-insurance]]), and [[Rohde & Schwarz]] ([[electronics]]). Among German cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants purchasing power is highest in Munich (26,648 euro per inhabitant) as of 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.just4business.eu/2007/07/in-hesse-the-purchasing-power-is-highest-in-germany/ |title=In Hesse the purchasing power is highest in Germany – CyberPress |publisher=Just4business.eu |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}</ref> In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of 18.62 euro (ca. $ 23).<ref>Landeshauptstadt München, Direktorium, Statistisches Amt: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007, page 206 (Statistical Yearbook of the City of Munich 2007)</ref>

The breakdown by cities proper (not metropolitan areas) of [[Fortune Global 500|Global 500 cities]] listed Munich in 8th position in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/cities/ |title=Global 500 2008: Cities |publisher=Money.cnn.com |date=2008-07-21 |accessdate=2012-07-25}}</ref>
Munich is also a centre for [[biotechnology]], [[software]] and other [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service industries]]. Munich is also the home of the headquarters of many other large companies such as the aircraft engine manufacturer [[MTU Aero Engines]], the [[injection molding machine]] manufacturer [[Krauss-Maffei]], the camera and lighting manufacturer [[Arri]], the semiconductor firm [[Infineon Technologies]] (headquartered in the suburban town of [[Neubiberg]]), lighting giant [[Osram]], as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as [[McDonald's|McDonald’s]] and [[Microsoft]].

Munich has significance as a [[Munich's financial community|financial centre]] (second only to [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]]), being home of [[HypoVereinsbank]] and the Bayerische Landesbank. It outranks [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]] though as home of insurance companies such as [[Allianz]] and [[Munich Re]] {{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}.

Munich is the largest publishing city in Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.literaturhaus-muenchen.de/english/house/index.htm |title=Munich Literature House: About Us |accessdate=17 February 2008}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> and home to [[Süddeutsche Zeitung]], one of Germany's largest daily newspapers. The city is also the location of the programming headquarters of Germany's largest public broadcasting network, [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]], while the largest commercial network, [[ProSieben|Pro7-Sat1 Media AG]], is headquartered in the suburb of [[Unterföhring]]. The headquarters of the German branch of [[Random House]], the world's largest publishing house, and of [[Hubert Burda Media|Burda publishing group]] are also in Munich.

The [[Bavaria Film Studios]] are located in the suburb of [[Grünwald, Bavaria|Grünwald]]. They are one of Europe's biggest and most famous film production studios.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bavaria-film.de/index.php?id=3 |title=Bavaria Film GmbH: Company Start |publisher=Bavaria-film.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Verkehrsnetz München.png|thumb|300px|Public transport network]]

===Munich International Airport===
[[Munich Airport|Franz Josef Strauss International Airport]] ([[International Air Transport Association|IATA]]: MUC, [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]]: EDDM) is the second-largest airport in Germany and seventh-largest in Europe after [[London Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]], [[Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris Charle de Gaulle]], [[Frankfurt International Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[Barajas Airport|Madrid]] and [[Atatürk International Airport|Istanbul Atatürk]]. It is used by about 34 million passengers a year, and lies some {{convert|30|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north east of the city centre. The airport can be reached by suburban train lines '''S8''' from the east and '''S1''' from the west of the city. From the [[München Hauptbahnhof|main railway station]] the journey takes 40–45 minutes. An express train will be added that will cut down travel time to 20–25 minutes with limited stops on dedicated tracks. A [[maglev (transport)|magnetic levitation train]] (called [[Transrapid]]) which was to have run at speeds of up to {{convert|400|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes had been approved,<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany to build maglev railway|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7011932.stm|work=BBC News  |publisher=BBC |date=25 September 2007 |accessdate=7 April 2008}}</ref> but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation and after heavy protests.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3219174,00.html|title=Germany Scraps Transrapid Rail Plans|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=27 March 2008 |accessdate=27 March 2008}}</ref> [[Lufthansa]] opened its second hub at the airport when Terminal 2 was opened in 2003.

The airport began operations in 1992, replacing the former main airport, the [[Munich-Riem Airport|Munich-Riem airport]] (active 1939–1992).

===Other airports===
In 2008, the Bavarian state government granted a license to expand ''Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station''  located west of Munich, for commercial use. These plans were opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area as well as other branches of local Government, including the city of Munich, which took the case to court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merkur-online.de/nachrichten/bayern/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-rolle-rueckwaerts-mm-390304.html |title=Flughafen Oberpfaffenhofen: Rolle rückwärts - Bayern - Aktuelles - merkur-online |language={{de icon}} |publisher=Merkur-online.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}</ref> However, in October 2009, the permit allowing up to 9725 business flights per year to depart from or land at Oberpfaffenhofen was confirmed by a regional judge.<ref>{{cite web|author=Süddeutsche.de GmbH, Munich, Germany |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/flughafen-oberpfaffenhofen-business-jets-willkommen-1.142886 |title=Flughafen Oberpfaffenhofen - Business-Jets willkommen - München |publisher=sueddeutsche.de |date= |accessdate=2012-07-25}}</ref>

Despite being 110 kilometres from Munich, [[Memmingen Airport]] has been advertised as ''Airport Munich West''. After 2005, passenger traffic of nearby [[Augsburg Airport]] was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach.

===Public transportation===
For its urban population of 2.6&nbsp;million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have one of the most comprehensive and punctual systems in the world, incorporating the [[Munich U-Bahn|Munich U-Bahn (underground railway)]], the [[Munich S-Bahn|Munich S-Bahn (suburban trains)]], trams and buses. The system is supervised by the [[Munich Transport and Tariff Association]] (''Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]]''). The [[Munich tramway]] is the oldest existing public transportation system in the city, which has been in operation since 1876. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines.

The extensive network of subway and tram lines assist and complement pedestrian movement in the city centre. The 700m-long Kaufinger Strasse, which starts near the Main train station, forms a pedestrian east-west spine that traverses almost the entire centre. Similarly, Weinstrasse leads off northwards to the Hofgarten. These major spines and many smaller streets cover an extensive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot and bike. The transformation of the historic area into a pedestrian priority zone enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes result from applying the principle of [[Permeability (spatial and transport planning)|"filtered permability"]] which selectively restricts the number of roads that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip(see image). The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts—the [[Fused Grid]].

The main railway station is [[München Hauptbahnhof|Munich Hauptbahnhof]], in the city centre, and there are two smaller main line stations at [[München-Pasing station|Pasing]], in the west of the city, and [[München Ost station|Munich Ostbahnhof]] in the east. All three are connected to the public transport system and serve as transportation hubs.

[[Intercity-Express|ICE highspeed trains]] stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. [[InterCity]] and [[EuroCity]] trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at Munich East. Since 28 May 2006 Munich has been connected to [[Nuremberg]] via [[Ingolstadt]] by the 300&nbsp;km/h (186&nbsp;mph) [[Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway]] line.

The trade fair [[Transport Logistic|transport logistic]] is held every two years at the ''Neue Messe München'' (Messe München International).

===Individual transportation===
[[File:Karte Fernstraßen München.png|thumb|Munich [[Autobahn|motorway]] network]]
[[File:Munich - Maria column 05.jpg|thumb|right|The Mariensäule (Mary's column)]]

Munich is an integral part of the [[Autobahn|motorway]] network of southern Germany. Motorways from [[Stuttgart]] (W), [[Nuremberg]], [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]] and Berlin (N), [[Deggendorf]] and [[Passau]] (E), [[Salzburg]] and [[Innsbruck]] (SE), [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen|Garmisch Partenkirchen]] (S) and [[Lindau]] (SW) terminate at Munich, allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. However, traffic in and around Munich is often heavy. Traffic jams are commonplace during rush hour and at the beginning and end of major holidays in Germany.

===Cycling===
{{main|Cycling in Munich}}

Cycling is recognized as a good alternative to motorized transport and the growing number of [[Segregated cycle facilities|bicycle lanes]] are widely used throughout the year. They are mostly not segregated from pedestrian paths, making them dangerous to both parties. They are also often of low quality surfacing, being partly destroyed by the roots of trees planted between them and the road beside it; the road is rarely so affected. 
The narrow paths which are usually longer than the road due to many detours around objects, coupled with the presence of pedestrians, make the cycle network useful only to very slow riders. 

A modern [[Call a Bike|bike hire system]] is available in the central area of Munich that is surrounded by the ''Mittlerer Ring'' ring road.

==Around Munich==
The Munich agglomeration sprawls across the plain of the [[Foothills|Alpine foothills]] comprising about 2.6&nbsp;million inhabitants. Several smaller traditional Bavarian towns and cities like [[Dachau]], [[Freising]], [[Erding]], [[Starnberg]], [[Landshut]] and [[Moosburg]] are today part of the Greater Munich Region, formed by Munich and the surrounding districts, making up the [[Munich Metropolitan Region]], which has a population of about 4.5&nbsp;million people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.region-muenchen.com/themen/info_en/info_en.htm |title=Region Munich |publisher=Region-muenchen.com |accessdate=14 April 2010}}</ref>
<gallery perrow="3">
File:StadtpfarrkircheStJakob.JPG|Dachau
File:Erding center.JPG|Erding
File:Freisinger Dom aussen 01.jpg|Freising
File:Cloister Fuerstenfeld Portal.jpg|Fürstenfeldbruck
File:Landsberg Befestigung 4.jpg|Landsberg
File:Kastulusmünsterp.jpg|Moosburg
</gallery>

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
[[File:Sister city plaques Munich.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaques in the [[New Town Hall, Munich|Neues Rathaus]] (New City Hall) showing Munich's sister cities]]
Munich is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following cities (date of agreement shown in parentheses).<ref>{{cite web|title=Partnerstädte|url=http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtpolitik/Partnerstaedte.html|work=muenchen.de|accessdate=3 April 2013|language=German}}</ref>

*{{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Mashhad]], Iran
*{{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Edinburgh]], Scotland <small>''(1954)''<ref name="Edinburgh">{{cite web |url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities |title=''Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities'' |accessdate=21 December 2008 |publisher=2008 The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080328001653/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities |archivedate= 28 March 2008}}</ref></small>
*{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Verona]], Italy <small>''(1960)''<ref name="Verona">{{cite web|title=''Verona – Gemellaggi''|url=http://www.comune.verona.it/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=5485|accessdate=3 April 2013|publisher=Council of Verona, Italy|language=Italian}}</ref></small> 
*{{Flagicon|France}} [[Bordeaux]], France <small>''(1964)''</small>
*{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Sapporo]], Japan <small>''(1972)''</small>
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, United States <small>''(1989)''</small>
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], Ukraine <small>''(1989)''</small>
*{{Flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Harare]], Zimbabwe <small>''(1996)''</small>
*{{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Monterrey]], Mexico <small>''(2010)''</small>

==Famous people==
{{see also|List of honorary citizens of Munich}}

===Born in Munich===
{|width="100%" style="margin:auto;" |
|style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
*Professional Athletes
**[[Markus Babbel]], born 1972, former footballer
**[[Franz Beckenbauer]], born in 1945, former footballer and honorary president of [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]
**[[Thomas Hitzlsperger]], born in 1982, footballer who currently plays for [[Vfl Wolfsburg]]
**[[Philipp Lahm]], born in 1983, footballer who currently plays for [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]
**[[Christian Lell]], born in 1984, footballer for [[Hertha BSC]]
**[[Andreas Ottl]], born in 1985, footballer for [[FC Augsburg]]
**[[Christoph Schubert]], born in 1982, Ice hockey Player who currently plays in the [[National Hockey League|NHL]] for the [[Winnipeg Jets]]
**[[Frank Shorter]], born 1947, champion distance runner
**[[Korbinian Holzer]], born in 1988, Ice hockey Player who currently plays in the [[National Hockey League|NHL]] for the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
*Politicians
**[[Heinrich Himmler]], 1900-1945, leading member of the Nazi Party
**[[Carl Amery]], 1922–2005, writer, President of the German PEN Center and founding member of the German Green Party
**[[Franz Josef Strauss]], 1915–1988, Minister-President of the Free State of Bavaria
**[[:de:Carljörg Lacherbauer|Dr. Carljörg Lacherbauer]], 1902–1967, Co-Founder of Christian Social Union (CSU), Post-war mayor and Sec'y of the Dept. of Justice
*Writers
**[[Lion Feuchtwanger|Leon Feuchtwanger]], 1884–1958, writer
**[[Klaus Mann]], 1906–1949, writer
**[[Eugen Roth]], 1895–1976, writer
**[[Simran Sethi]], born in 1970, environmental journalist
*Musicians
**[[Lou Bega]], Singer/Songwriter, born in 1975
**[[Willy Bogner, Jr.|Willy Bogner]], born in 1942, fashion designer and director of photography
**[[Harold Faltermeyer]], born in 1952, composer and record producer
**[[Joey Heindle]], born in 1993, [[Deutschland sucht den Superstar|DSDS]] Participant in [[Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 9)|season 9]].<ref>{{cite web|title=DSDS 2012: Kandidat Joey Heindle|url=http://www.rtl.de/cms/sendungen/superstar/dsds-kandidaten/joey-heindle.html|publisher=RTL|accessdate=18 April 2012|language=German}}</ref>
**[[Nick Menza]], born in 1968, [[Megadeth]] drummer
**[[Brent Mydland]], born in 1952, [[Grateful Dead]] keyboardist
**[[Carl Orff]], 1895–1982, composer
**[[Sportfreunde Stiller]], Popular German rock band
**[[Wolfgang Sawallisch]], 1923–2013, conductor and pianist
**[[Ralph Siegel]], born in 1945, composer
**[[Richard Strauss]], 1864–1949, composer
|style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
*Fashion designers
**[[Rudolph Moshammer]], 1940–2005, fashion designer
*Entertainment
**[[Percy Adlon]], born in 1935, film director
**[[Moritz Bleibtreu]], born in 1971, actor
**[[Werner Herzog]], born in 1942, film director
**[[Curd Jürgens]], 1915–1982, actor
**[[Max Neal]] dramatist 1865–1941
**[[Karl Valentin]], 1882–1948, comedian, author and film producer
**[[Gedeon Burkhard]], actor born in 1969
**[[Fritz Wepper]], actor, born in 1941
**[[Michael Haneke]], filmmaker and writer, born in 1942
**[[Uschi Obermaier]], sex symbol of the late sixties, born in 1946
**[[Jeri Ryan]], actress, born in 1968
**[[Julia Stegner]], topmodel, born in 1984
**[[Briana Banks]], porn actress, born in 1979
**[[Andy Fetscher]], film director, cinematographer and screenplay writer, born in 1980
*Nobel Prize winners
**[[Eduard Buchner]], 1860–1917, chemist and Nobel Prize winner
**[[Ernst Otto Fischer]], 1918–2007, chemist and Nobel Prize winner
**[[Robert Huber]], born in 1937, chemist and Nobel Prize winner
**[[Wassily Leontief]], 1905–1999, economist and Nobel Prize winner
**[[Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen]], 1911–1979, biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
**[[Rudolf Mössbauer]], born in 1927, physicist and Nobel Prize winner
**[[Arno Allan Penzias]], born in 1933, physicist and Nobel Prize winner
*Nobility
**[[Isabeau of Bavaria]], 1371–1435, [[queen consort|queen-consort]] of France
**[[Elisabeth of Bavaria]], 1837–1898, Empress "Sisi" of [[Austria]]
**[[Ludwig II of Bavaria|Ludwig II]] the Dream King, at [[Nymphenburg Palace|Nymphenburg]]
*Painters
**[[Karl von Piloty]], 1826–1886, painter
**[[Franz Marc]], 1880–1916, painter
*Others
**[[Andreas Baader]], 1943–1977, [[Red Army Faction]] leader
**[[Abraham Fraenkel|Adolf Abraham Halevi Fraenkel]], 1891–1965, mathematician
**[[Franz Xaver Gabelsberger]], 1789–1849, inventor of the Gabelsberger shorthand writing system
**[[Eva Braun]], 1912-1945, Adolf Hitler's mistress and later wife	
|}

===Famous residents===
{|width="100%" style="margin:auto;" |
|style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
*[[Julia Fischer]], violinist, pianist, professor
*[[Freddie Mercury]], lead singer of ''Queen''
*[[Orlande de Lassus]], composer
*[[Richard Wagner]], composer
*[[Max Reger]], composer, organist, pianist and conductor
*[[Max Emanuel Ainmiller]] painter
*[[Thomas Mann]], author
*[[Hans Magnus Enzensberger]], author
*[[Vladimir Lenin]], Russian revolutionary
*[[Manfred Eicher]], record producer and founder of [[ECM Records]]

*[[Franz von Lenbach]], painter
*[[Franz Stuck|Franz von Stuck]], painter and sculptor
*[[Asger Hamerik]], composer
*[[Wassily Kandinsky]] (1866–1944), painter
*[[David Dalhoff Neal]], painter
*[[Brigitte Horney]], actress ([[Münchhausen am Christenberg|Münchhausen]])
*[[Max Schreck]], actor
*[[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]], film director
*[[Helene Mayer]], fencer
|style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
*[[Lola Montez]], courtesan to King [[Ludwig I of Bavaria|Ludwig I]]
*[[Marsilius of Padua]], Italian medieval scholar
*[[William of Ockham]], English medieval philosopher
*[[Fyodor Tyutchev]], Russian Romantic poet
*[[Pope Benedict XVI]], born [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Ratzinger]], former Archbishop of Munich-Freising
*[[Muhammad Iqbal]], Pakistan's national poet, who got his PhD from Munich in 1907
*[[Joseph von Fraunhofer]], optician
*[[Justus von Liebig]], chemist
*[[Georg Ohm]], physicist
*[[Wilhelm Röntgen]], Nobel Prize winning physicist
*[[Lucia Popp]], Slovak-born opera singer
*[[Albert Einstein]], Nobel Prize winning physicist, grew up in Munich
*[[Max Planck]], Nobel Prize winning physicist
*[[Werner Heisenberg]], Nobel Prize winning physicist
*[[Ludwig Prandtl]], father of modern aerodynamics
*[[Sepp Maier]], footballer
*[[Gerd Müller]], footballer
*[[Nicholas McCarthy|Nick McCarthy]], guitarist, [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]], grew up in Munich
*[[Bastian Schweinsteiger]], footballer
*[[Roger C. Field]], inventor, industrial designer
*[[Arnold Schwarzenegger]], former governor of California, bodybuilder and actor, resided at Christophstr. 1 and worked at Rolf Putziger's gym at Schillerstr. 36 from 1966-1968
*[[Gudrun Burwitz]], Daughter of Heinrich Himmler
*[[Donna Summer]], singer, known as the "Queen of Disco" she was the most successful musical artist of the Disco era in the late 1970s and early 80's
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Bavaria}}
{{Sister project links}}
*[http://www.muenchen.de/Rathaus/tourist_office/57799/index.html Munich Tourist Office]{{dead link|date=May 2013}} – up-to-date information for visitors
*[http://www.mvv-muenchen.de/en/index.html Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund] – public transport network
*[http://www.historicaleye.com/Munich1.html On the brink: Munich 1918–1919]
*[http://www.munichfound.com/ Munichfound] – magazine for English speaking Münchners
*[http://www.destination-munich.com/ Destination Munich] – An online guide
*[http://www.munich-airport.de/en/consumer/index.jsp Munich Airport] – Official Website Franz Josef Strauss Airport

; Photos
*[http://www.europepictures.gm/europe/germany/munich/photos Europe Pictures – Munich]
*[http://www.photrax.com/index.php?page=user.view.image&imageId=454 Geocoded Pictures of Munich]
*[http://www.panorama-cities.net/munich/munich.html Munich City Panoramas] – Panoramic Views and virtual Tours
*[http://www.globosapiens.net/germany-travel/Bayern/Munich_pictures.html Globosapiens Travel Community] – Travel Tips
*[http://www.flickr.com/groups/talesfromtoytown/pool Tales from Toytown] – Photos of Munich
*[http://www.itravelnet.com/photography/europe/germany/munichphotogallery.html Munich photo gallery]

{{Geographic location
|Centre =Munich
|North  =[[Nuremberg]], [[Regensburg]],<br/>
[[Ingolstadt]]
|Northeast= [[Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]),<br/>
[[Landshut]]
|East  =[[Linz]] ([[Austria]])
|Southeast= [[Rosenheim]],<br/>
[[Salzburg]] ([[Austria]])
|South  =[[Innsbruck]] ([[Austria]]),<br/>
[[Bolzano]] ([[Italy]])
|Southwest= [[Vaduz]] ([[Liechtenstein]]),<br/>
[[Zurich]] ([[Switzerland]])
|West  =[[Memmingen]]
|Northwest= [[Stuttgart]], [[Ulm]], [[Augsburg]]
}}

{{Boroughs of Munich}}
{{Mayors of Munich}}
{{Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany}}
{{Germany districts bavaria}}
{{Cities in Germany}}
{{Olympic Summer Games Host Cities}}
{{Eurovision Song Contest}}

{{Kladde kategorier|
[[Category:Munich| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard-->
[[Category:German state capitals]]
[[Category:Host cities of the Summer Olympic Games]]
[[Category:Turkish communities in Germany]]
[[Category:Article Feedback 5 Additional Articles]]
}}