View source for fen

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "fen"}}
==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/fɛn/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fen.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛn|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
{{wikipedia}}
[[image:Illustrated_diagram_of_a_fen.jpg|thumb|250px|upright=1.1|Schematic illustration of a fen]]

From {{inh|en|enm|fen}}, {{m|enm|fenne}}, from {{inh|en|ang|fenn|t=fen; marsh; mud; dirt}}, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*fani}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*fanją}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*pen-|t=bog, mire}}.

See also {{cog|fy|fean}}, {{cog|nl|veen}}, {{cog|de|Fenn}}, {{cog|no|fen}}; also {{cog|mga|en|t=water}}, {{m|mga|enach|t=swamp}}, {{cog|prg|pannean|t=peat-bog}}, {{cog|sa|पङ्क|t=marsh, mud, mire, slough}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[type#Noun|type]] of [[wetland]] [[feed#Verb|fed]] by [[ground water]] and [[runoff]], [[contain]]ing [[peat]] below the [[waterline]], [[characteristically]] [[alkaline#Adjective|alkaline]]. {{q|Contrast {{m|en|bog}}, {{m|en|marsh}}, {{m|en|swamp}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1996|author=Geological Survey (U.S.)|title=National Water Summary on Wetland Resources|isbn=9780607856965|page=214
|text=Bogs are acidic, nutrient poor, and have a low species diversity, whereas '''fens''' are less acidic and have higher nutrient levels and species diversity.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|date=2019-02-19|author=Sincere Humphrey|title=Freshwater Microbiology|publisher=Scientific e-Resources|isbn=9781839473500|page=24
|text=Bogs are acidic peatlands, while '''fens''' are non-acidic peatlands.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|date=2023-09-26|author=Rick Cech|author2=Guy Tudor|title=Butterflies of the East Coast: An Observer's Guide|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691261164|page=15
|text=[...] '''fens''' are alkaline. In fact, the precise acidity of a '''fen''' depends on the soil through which in-seeping waters have percolated. Northeastern '''fens''' vary from somewhat acidic to highly basic (Johnson, 1985, p. 27).}}
# {{lb|en|loosely}} Any [[swamp]] or [[mire]]<!--e.g., the High Fens are bogs--> {{q|especially with negative connotations}}.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Tempest|I|ii|page=4|passage={{smallcaps|Caliban}}: As wicked dewe, as ere my mother bruſh'd / With Rauens feather from vnwholeſome '''Fen''' / Drop on you both : A Southweſt blow on [[yee]], / And bliſter you all [[over|ore]].}}
#* '''1807''', {{w|William Wordsworth}}, "England, 1802," collected in ''Poems'' (1807):
#*: Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour: / England hath need of thee: she is a '''fen''' / Of stagnant waters {{...}}
#* '''1842''', [[s:Author:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow|Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], ''[[s:The Slave in the Dismal Swamp|The Slave in the Dismal Swamp]]'', from [[s:Poems on Slavery|Poems on Slavery]]:
#*: In dark '''fens''' of the Dismal Swamp / The hunted [[Negro]] lay; [...]
#* {{quote-song|en|year=1887|lyricist=w:W. S. Gilbert|composer=w:Arthur Sullivan|title=When the Night Wind Howls|passage=As the sob of the breeze/Sweeps over the trees/And the mists lie low on the '''fen'''...}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1986|author=w:John le Carré|title=<i>{{w|A Perfect Spy}}</i>
|passage= He was freezing to death in the flat mud of the Suffolk '''fens''', too proud to go home without a catch.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|fenberry
|fen cricket
|Fen Drayton
|fen fire
|fenland
|fenlike
|fenman
|fen nettle
|fen nightingale
|fennish
|fenny
|Fenway
|fenwoman
|Mareham le Fen
|Silicon Fen
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|type of wetland}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|мочурище|n}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|mollera|f}}, {{t|ca|torbera baixa|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|bažina|f}}, {{t+|cs|močál|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|marĉejo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|madalsoo}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|letto}}
* German: {{t+|de|Fenn|n}}, {{t+|de|Moor|n}} {{qualifier|more broadly}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|mocsár}}, {{t+|hu|láp}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|moing|f}}, {{t|ga|eanach|m}}, {{t|ga|seascann|m}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|フェン|tr=fen}}
* Latin: {{t|la|lāma|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|мочу́риште|n}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|لشاب|tr=lešâb}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Somp|m}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|[[torfowisko]] [[niski]]e|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|paul|m}}, {{t+|pt|turfeira|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|боло́то|n}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|boglach|f}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|bažina|f}}, {{t|sk|močiar|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|barje|n}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|turbera|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kärr|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|tunlak}}, {{t|tl|tanlak}}, {{t|tl|tarlak}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|ffen|m}}, {{t+|cy|cors|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
{{col4|en
|bog
|everglade
|marsh
|swamp
|[[vinnewed]] ([[vinewed]])
|wetland
}}

===Etymology 2===
{{wikipedia|Fen (currency)}}

From {{bor|en|zh|分|tr=fēn}}. {{doublet|en|hoon|fan}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|fen|+}}

# {{senseid|en|currency}} A [[unit]] of [[currency]] in [[China]], one-hundredth of a [[yuan]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Ronald David Schwartz|chapter=[Martial Law and After] Symbolic competition|title=Circle of Protest: Political Ritual in the Tibetan Uprising|location=Delhi|publisher=[[w:Motilal Banarsidass|Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited]]|year=1994|year_published=1996|page=184|isbn=81-208-1370-7|passage=One poster, which appeared on the Barkhor on 20 May, ridiculed the way neighbourhood committees were recruiting participants: “We paid 30 '''fen''' for one stone, but you hire people for 30 yuan for the picnic in the Norbulingka” (“30 '''fen'''” — one hundred '''fen''' is one yuan — is a joking reference to Chinese accusations that Tibetans were paid 30 '''fen''' by splittists for each stone thrown on 1 October 1987).}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|unit of Chinese currency}}
* Chinese: {{t+|zh|分}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|fen|m}}
* German: {{t|de|Fen|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|fen|id=currency}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|fen|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
From {{m|en|fan}}, by analogy with {{m|en|men}} as the plural of {{m|en|man}}.

====Noun====
{{head|en|noun form}}

# {{lb|en|fandom}} {{n-g|a {{plural of|en|fan}} used by [[enthusiast]]s of [[science fiction]], [[fantasy]], and [[anime]], partly from [[whimsy]] and partly to [[distinguish]] themselves from fans of sport, etc.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=1951-05-21|author=Winthrop Sargeant|title=Through the Interstellar Looking Glass|journal={{w|Life (magazine)|Life}}|volume=30|issue=21|page=127|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fVEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA127|passage=Sad to relate, some of the European delegates were probably insurgents rather than true '''fen'''. {{...}} But the Europeans could be counted on to take the long view, and many of them would probably turn out to be real '''fen''' and fenne after all.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2016-09-03|author=lurkertype|url=http://file770.com/?p=30440|title=Worldcon 75 Chair Responds|section=Comments|work=w:File 770|passage=So I’m glad the attached hotel block is entirely reserved for disabled '''fen'''! Traveling on mass transit is tiring even when everything’s up to code.}}

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{l|en|fenne}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en|collapse=n
|[[acafen]], [[aca-fen]], [[aca/fen]]
|actifen
|confen
|eofen
|[[fake fen]], [[fakefen]], [[fake-fen]]
|femfen
|[[femme fen]], [[femmefen]]
|fringefen
|furfen
|litfen
|mediafen
|neofen
|passifen
|stfen
|Trekfen
|trufen
|zinefen
}}

===Etymology 4===
Compare {{m|en|fend}}.

====Interjection====
{{en-intj}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete}} {{n-g|Used in children's games to [[prevent]] or [[forestall]] another player's action; a [[check]] or [[bar]].}}

===Etymology 5===
From {{inh|en|enm|*vene}}, Kentish variant of {{m|enm|*fine}}, from {{inh|en|ang|fyne|t=moisture, mold, mildew}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*funiz}}, {{m|gem-pro|*fun-|t=moisture, mold}}; compare {{m|en|vinew}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|-}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete}} A kind of [[mildew]] that grows on [[hops]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1769|title=The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry|edition=2nd|page=339|url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=VTK5Nh1XhgsC|text={{...}}whereby the ſtagnating ſap corrupts, and breeds mouldy '''fen''', which often ſpoils whole tracts of, till then, flouriſhing hop-grounds.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1808|title=The British Farmer's Cyclopaedia or, Complete Agricultural Dictionary|author= Thomas Potts |publisher=Scatcherd and Letterman|page=96|url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=L3EhAQAAMAAJ|text=Among these are reckoned the ''wire worm''; ''the flea, and the fly''; ''the'' '''''fen''''' ''or mould''; ''the mildew'' ; and what are usually called ''fire blasts''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1848|title=The Rural Cyclopedia|volume=2|editor= John Marius Wilson|publisher=A. Fullarton|page=698|url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=794hAQAAIAAJ|text=The mould, the '''fen''', or the mouldy-fen, prevails more on hop-grounds which are low, moist, and sheltered, than on such as are high, dry, and open{{...}}}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=efn|ENF|nef}}

{{C|en|China|Currencies|Fandom|Science fiction|Wetlands}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|ê}}

===Verb===
{{head|ca|verb form}}

# {{ca-verb form of|fendre}}

==Chuukese==

===Adjective===
{{head|chk|adjective}}

# [[holy]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|chk|pin}}

===Adverb===
{{head|chk|adverb}}

# [[past tense]] marker for verbs
# [[already]]

==Czech==

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|cs|ɛn|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===

====Noun====
{{cs-noun|m-in}}

# {{l|en|fen}} {{gloss|unit of currency in China, one-hundredth of a yuan}}
#* {{quote-journal|cs|author=|coauthors=|title=|journal=Časopis Národního muzea|url=|year=1962|volume=131|issue=|page=165|passage=Čínská poštovní správa v roce 1961 vydala ke Dni armády, tj. k 1. srpnu 1961 dvě známky, a to v hodnotách 8 '''fenů''' a 10 '''fenů''' {{...}} |translation=}}

=====Declension=====
{{cs-ndecl|m}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{head|cs|noun form}}

# {{infl of|cs|fena||gen|p}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cs:KNLA}}

==Dalmatian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|dlm|la|fīnitus}}. Compare {{cog|it|fino}}.

===Adjective===
{{head|dlm|adjective|feminine|faina}}

# [[fine]]
# [[subtle]]
# [[pure]]

==Faroese==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fo|non|fen}}, from {{inh|fo|gem-pro|*fanją}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fo|/feːn/}}
* {{rhymes|fo|eːn}}

===Noun===
{{fo-noun|n|fens|fen}}

# [[bog]], [[quagmire]]

====Declension====
{{fo-decl-noun-n3|fen}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fo|fenbressa}}
* {{l|fo|fendíki}}
* {{l|fo|fenjutur}}

==Franco-Provençal==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|frp|la|fēnum}}.

===Noun===
{{frp-noun|m}} {{tlb|frp|orbl}}

# [[hay]]

===References===
* {{R:frp:DFP|foin}}
* {{R:frp:LTA|17909}}

==Friulian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fur|la|fēnum}},from {{m|la|faenum}}.

===Noun===
{{fur-noun|m}}

# [[hay]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|fur|fenoli}}

==Hungarian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{audio|hu|Hu-fen.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|fen}}
* {{rhymes|hu|ɛn|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|hu|urj-ugr-pro|*pänV-}}, from {{inh|hu|fiu-pro|*pänɜ||grindstone; grind}}.<ref>{{R:Uralonet|728}}</ref>

====Verb====
{{hu-verb}}

# {{lb|hu|transitive}} to [[sharpen]], to [[whet]], to [[hone#Verb|hone]]
#: {{syn|hu|köszörül|élesít|élez}}
# {{lb|hu|dialectal}} to [[rub#Verb|rub]], to [[smear]]
#: {{syn|hu|ken|dörgöl}}

=====Conjugation=====
{{hu-conj-ek|f|e|n}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|hu
|bennfentes
|fene
|fenekedik
|fenés
|fenyeget
}}
{{col4|hu|title=Compound words
|fenőkő
|fenőszíj
|ken-fen
|kikent-kifent
}}
{{col3|hu|title=Expressions
|feni a fogát
}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{hu-noun|ek}}

# {{senseid|hu|currency}} {{l|en|fen|id=currency}} {{gloss|unit of currency in China, one-hundredth of a [[yuan]]}}
#: {{holonyms|hu|jüan|zsenminpi}}
#: {{meronyms|hu|csiao}}

=====Declension=====
{{hu-infl-nom|fene|e|-}}{{hu-pos-etek|fen|j|jei}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{sense|to whet}} {{R:ErtSz}}

{{cln|hu|three-letter words|terms with multiple lemma etymologies|terms with noun and verb etymologies}}
{{topics|hu|Currencies|China}}

==Icelandic==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|is|non|fen}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*fanją}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|is|/fɛːn/}}
* {{rhymes|is|ɛːn|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{is-noun|n}}

# {{l|en|fen}}, [[marsh]], [[morass]]

====Declension====
{{is-ndecl|n}}

==Istriot==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ist|la|faenum}}.

===Noun===
{{head|ist|noun}}

# [[hay]]

==Lombard==

===Etymology===
Akin to {{cog|it|fieno}}, from Latin ''[[fenum]]''.

===Noun===
{{head|lmo|noun}}

# [[hay]]

==Mandarin==

===Romanization===
{{cmn-pinyin|notr=1}}

# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|fēn}}
# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|fén}}
# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|fěn}}
# {{nonstandard spelling of|cmn|sc=Latn|fèn}}

====Usage notes====
* {{cmn-toneless-note}}

==Middle English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|enm|fenne|ven}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|enm|ang|fenn}}; from {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*fani}}, from {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*fanją}}. The "dung" sense is influenced by {{bor|enm|fro|fien}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|enm|/fɛn/}}

===Noun===
{{enm-noun|fennes}}

# {{l|en|fen}}, [[bog]], [[swamp]]
# [[dirt]], [[muddiness]]
# [[dung]], [[feces]]
# {{lb|enm|rare}} [[rubbish]], [[refuse]]
# {{lb|enm|rare}} [[quagmire]], [[lure]]

====Declension====
{{enm-decl-noun|fen|fennes|fenne|fennes|[[fenne]], [[fennes]]|[[fennen]]}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|fen}}
* {{desc|sco|fen}}
* {{desc|yol|ven}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=fen|part of speech=n.(1)|id= MED15577}}
* {{R:MED Online|entry=fen|part of speech=n.(2)|id= MED15578}}

{{C|enm|Feces|Landforms}}

==Old English==

===Noun===
{{ang-noun|m|g2=n}}

# {{alternative form of|ang|fenn}}

==Old Norse==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|non|gem-pro|*fanją}}.

===Noun===
{{non-noun|n|fens|fen}}

# [[#English|fen]], [[bog]], [[quagmire]]
#: {{ux|non|[[mýrr|mýrar]] ok '''fen'''|bogs and '''fens'''}}

====Declension====
{{non-decl-n-ja|fen}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|is|fen}}
* {{desc|fo|fen}}
* {{desc|no|fen}}
* {{desc|da|fen}}

===References===
* {{R:Zoega}}

==Polish==
{{wp|lang=pl}}

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr}}

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|pl|de|Föhn}}, from {{der|pl|goh|phonno}}, from {{der|pl|VL.|*faōnius}}, from {{der|pl|la|Favōnius}}.

====Noun====
{{pl-noun|m-in}}

# {{lb|pl|meteorology}} [[foehn]] {{gl|warm dry wind blowing down the northern sides of the Alps}}
# {{lb|pl|meteorology}} [[foehn]] {{gl|any similar wind}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|pl|zh|分}}.

====Noun====
{{pl-noun|m-in}}

# {{l|en|fen}} {{gl|unit of Chinese currency}}

=====Declension=====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|pl|title=adjective|fenowy}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

{{C|pl|China|Coins|Currencies|Wind}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|sh|de|Föhn}}.

===Noun===
{{sh-noun|g=m|head=fȇn}}

# [[hair dryer]]
# {{lb|sh|meteorology}} [[foehn]]

====Declension====
{{sh-decl-noun
|fen|fenovi
|fena|fenova
|fenu|fenovima
|fen|fenove
|fene|fenovi
|fenu|fenovima
|fenom|fenovima
}}

==Swedish==

===Noun===
{{head|sv|noun form}}

# {{noun form of|sv|fe||def|s}}

==Turkish==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|tr|ota|فن|tr=fen|t=kind, variety; art, science}}, from {{der|tr|ar|فَنّ}}, ultimately from {{der|tr|fa|پند|tr=pand|gloss=knack, trick}}.
{{root|tr|ar|ف ن ن}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|tr|/fæn/}}

===Noun===
{{head|tr|noun|definite accusative|fenni|plural|fenler|or|fünun|f3qual=archaic}}

# {{lb|tr|archaic}} [[technic]]
#: {{syn|tr|fen}}
# {{lb|tr|dated}} [[science]]
#: {{syn|tr|bilim}}

====Declension====
{{tr-infl-noun-c|e|stem=fenn}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|tr|ilim}}
* {{l|tr|bilim}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|tr|fennî|t=scientific, technical}}
* {{l|tr|darülfünun|t=university}}

===References===
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|fen}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|فن|page=1397}}