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gain

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Archived revision by WingerBot (talk | contribs) as of 00:45, 17 January 2023.
See also: Gain, gain-, and ga in

English

Pronunciation

  • enPR: gān, IPA(key): /ɡeɪn/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle English gayn, gain, gein (“profit, advantage”), from Old Norse gagn (“benefit, advantage, use”), from Proto-Germanic *gagną, *gaganą (“gain, profit", literally "return”), from Proto-Germanic *gagana (“back, against, in return”), a reduplication of Proto-Germanic *ga- (“with, together”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Icelandic gagn (“gain, advantage, use”), Swedish gagn (“benefit, profit”), Danish gavn (“gain, profit, success”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain, profit”), Old Norse gegn (“ready”), dialectal Swedish gen (“useful, noteful”), Latin cum (“with”); see gain-, again, against. Compare also Middle English gaynen, geinen (“to be of use, profit, avail”), Icelandic and Swedish gagna (“to avail, help”), Danish gavne (“to benefit”).

The Middle English word was reinforced by Middle French gain (“gain, profit, advancement, cultivation”), from Old French gaaing, gaaigne, gaigne, a noun derivative of gaaignier (“to till, earn, win”), from Frankish *waidanjan (“to pasture, graze, hunt for food”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *waiþiz, *waiþō, *waiþijō (“pasture, field, hunting ground”); compare Old High German weidōn, weidanōn (“to hunt, forage for food”) (Modern German Weide (“pasture”)), Old Norse veiða (“to catch, hunt”), Old English wǣþan (“to hunt, chase, pursue”). Related to wathe, wide.

Verb

gain (third-person singular simple present gains, present participle gaining, simple past and past participle gained)

  1. (transitive) To acquire possession of.
    Looks like you've gained a new friend.
  2. (intransitive) To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress.
    The sick man gains daily.
  3. (transitive, dated) To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition.
    to gain a battle; to gain a case at law
  4. (transitive) To increase.
  5. (intransitive) To be more likely to catch or overtake an individual.
    I'm gaining (on you).
    gain ground
  6. (transitive) To reach.
    to gain the top of a mountain
  7. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.
  8. (intransitive) To put on weight.
    I've been gaining.
    • 2020, Riley Willman, “Ana”, in Rapids Review (Anoka Ramsey Community College):
      Thinspo, bonespo, meanspo, sweetspo, anything that could motivate me not to eat, not to consume, not to gain, not to fail.
  10. (of a clock or watch) To run fast.
Conjugation
Conjugation of gain
infinitive (to) gain
present tense past tense
1st-person singular gain gained
2nd-person singular gain, gainest† gained, gainedst†
3rd-person singular gains, gaineth† gained
plural gain
subjunctive gain gained
imperative gain —
participles gaining gained

†Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms
Translations

Noun

gain (countable and uncountable, plural gains)

  1. The act of gaining; acquisition.
    • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 858: Parameter "url" is not used by this template.
    • 1855, Alfred Tennyson, Maude
      the lust of gain, in the spirit of Cain
  2. The thing or things gained.
  3. (electronics) The factor by which a signal is multiplied.
    • 1987, John Borwick, Sound recording practice (page 238)
      There follows the high and low-frequency replay equalization, which normally involves two adjustments with a further control allowing the replay gain to be set.
Antonyms
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

From dialectal English gen, gin, short for again, agen (“against”); also Middle English gain, gayn, gein, ȝæn (“against”), from Old English gēan, geġn (“against”). More at against.

Preposition

gain

  1. (obsolete) Against.
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Middle English gayn, gein, geyn (“straight, direct, short, fit, good”), from Old Norse gegn (“straight, direct, short, ready, serviceable, kindly”), from gegn (“opposite, against”, adverb) (whence gagna (“to go against, meet, suit, be meet”)); see below at gain. Adverb from Middle English gayn, gayne (“fitly, quickly”), from the adjective.

Adjective

gain (comparative more gain, superlative most gain)

  1. (obsolete) Straight, direct; near; short.
    the gainest way
  2. (obsolete) Suitable; convenient; ready.
  3. (dialectal) Easy; tolerable; handy, dexterous.
  4. (dialectal) Honest; respectable; moderate; cheap.
Derived terms
Translations

Adverb

gain (comparative more gain, superlative most gain)

  1. (obsolete) Straightly; quickly; by the nearest way or means.
  2. (dialectal) Suitably; conveniently; dexterously; moderately.
  3. (dialectal) Tolerably; fairly.
    gain quiet (= fairly/pretty quiet)

Etymology 4

Compare Welsh gan (“a mortise”).

Noun

gain (plural gains)

  1. (architecture) A square or bevelled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

Anagrams

Basque

Noun

gain

  1. summit

French

Etymology

From Middle French gain, from Old French gaaing, deverbal from the verb gaaignier (“to earn, gain, seize, conquer by force”) (whence Modern French gagner).

Pronunciation

Noun

gain m (plural gains)

  1. a gain (of something), an instance of saving (something); an increase (in something)
    un gain de temps ― an increase in time
    un gain de productivité ― an increase in productivity
    Antonym: perte
  2. (usually in the plural) winnings, earnings, takings
  3. (finance) gain, yield

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Louisiana Creole French

Etymology

From French gagner (“to gain”), compare Haitian Creole gen.

Verb

gain

  1. to have

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English ġeġn, gæġn, from Proto-Germanic *gagin; also influenced by Old Norse gegn, from the same Proto-Germanic form. Doublet of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡɛi̯n/, /ɡeːn/, /jɛi̯n/, /jeːn/

Preposition

gain

  2. against, next to, touching
  3. (figurative) against, opposed to, counter to, opposing (usually used in religious and spiritual contexts)
  4. towards, to, nearing
  5. (rare) on, on top of
  6. (rare) facing, pointed towards
Descendants
  • English: gain (obsolete)
  • Scots: gain, gin
References

Adverb

gain

  1. back (to), returning (to)
References

Etymology 2

Adjective

gain

  1. Alternative form of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”)

Etymology 3

Noun

gain

  1. Alternative form of gayn (“gain, reward, advantage”)

Etymology 4

Verb

gain

  1. Alternative form of gaynen

Middle French

Etymology

Old French gaaing.

Noun

gain m (plural gains)

  1. income (financial)
    • 15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 19, line 16:
      et donnoit chascun iour de son gaaing pour Dieu
      and every day he gave away some of his income for God

Descendants

References

  • gain on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Welsh

Pronunciation

Adjective

gain

  1. Soft mutation of cain.

Mutation

Mutated forms of cain
radical soft nasal aspirate
cain gain nghain chain

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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