Talk:斗

The line "斗 (traditional 斗, pinyin dǒu (dou3), Wade-Giles tou3)" could be superfluous and partially incorrect. It is followed by the only slightly different line "斗 (traditional 鬥, pinyin dǒu (dou3), Wade-Giles tou3)". Since I am inferring this from common sense and only very basic knowledge of and about Mandarin Chinese, I call upon someone knowledgeable to either confirm or deny this.Redav (talk) 01:16, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

I will work on this today. 129.78.32.24 01:36, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Done. 129.78.32.24 03:16, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Version in Jan 2013:

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Chinese

Graphical etymology

Pictographic (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou (see below) held by hand. Variant characters: 𤣫, 𠦁, 𣁬.

See 鬥 for its graphical etymology.

Derived characters: 阧, 抖, 呌, 斘, 枓, 炓, 钭, 鈄, 科, 蚪, 料, 紏, 酙, 斜, 斛, 斠, 斢, 斣, 斝, 斚, 乧, 閗, 鬦, 戽, 﨣, 魁, 斡.

Etymology

Pronunciations 1 ("dipper, ladle") and 2 ("water ladle") are cognate. Variant character: 枓 ("ladle"). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (zhù < OC *tro-s (B-S) or *tjos (ZS), "to pour"), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan (deprecated template usage) ཆུ (chu), (deprecated template usage) འཆུ་བ ('chu ba), (deprecated template usage) བཅུས་པ (bcus pa).

Pronunciation 3 ("to fight") is probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“defy, interfere, be at enmity with”), which is the source of Tibetan (deprecated template usage) སྡོ་བ (sdo ba) and Burmese (deprecated template usage) တော့ (tau.). 斗 (pronunciation 3) is also a variant form of 鬭 (dòu < OC *tˁok-s (B-S) or *toːɡs (ZS), "to meet, to encounter"), see there for more.

Hanzi

Pronunciation #1 ("dipper, ladle")
Old Chinese	/*toːʔ/ (Zhengzhang) /*tˁoʔ/ (Baxter-Sagart)
Middle Chinese	/təuˣ/
Modern Mandarin [Beijing]	Pinyin: dǒu IPA: /toʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese [Guangzhou]	Jyutping: dau2 IPA: /tɐu³⁵/
Wu [Shanghai]	/tɜ³⁴/
Min Nan [Taiwan]	táu (colloquial), tó͘ (literary)
(Sinoxenic pronunciations)→    Japanese:  と, とう        Korean:  두        Vietnamese:  đẩu

斗 (traditional 斗, Pinyin dǒu (dou3), Wade-Giles tou³)

1. a dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.

   斗量 ("to measure with dou, numerous"), 斗筲 ("dou and xiao, humble, insignificant")

2. a unit of measure based on dou.

   升斗 ("sheng and dou, a small amount")

3. a unit of dry measure (for grains, especially rice) roughly equal to 1 decaliter.
4. any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.

   漏斗 ("funnel"), 烟斗 ("tobacco pipe"), 熨斗 ("flatiron"), 风斗 ("wind scoop"), 水斗 ("water ladle"), 墨斗 ("carpenter's ink marker"), 抽斗 ("drawer"), 斗笠 ("wide-brimmed rain hat"), 斗篷 ("cape, cloak")

5. (刁斗) cauldron, cymbal
6. (round or spiral shaped) fingerprint, dactylogram
7. (枓, 斗拱) (architecture) the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam
8. (figurative) small, short, narrow

   斗室 ("small room")

9. (figurative) big, high, to be full of

   斗胆 ("venture; boldly")

10. (北斗, 北斗七星) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.

    星移斗转 / 斗转星移 ("passage of time"), 泰斗 ("the leading authority")

11. stars in general.

    星斗 ("stars")

12. (斗宿) The Dipper (Chinese constellation), one of the twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.
13. (南斗) a subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
14. (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
15. a Chinese constellation consisting of five stars.
16. (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
17. Radical 68, a Chinese character radical.
18. rebus character for 陡: steep, cliffy
19. rebus character for 陡: suddenly, in a sudden
20. rebus character for 抖: to tremble, to shake off
21. see 科斗 (alternative form of 蝌蚪 ("tadpole")).

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Pronunciation #2 ("water ladle")
Old Chinese	/*toʔ/ (Zhengzhang) /*toʔ/ (Baxter-Sagart)
Middle Chinese	/ʨɨoˣ/
Modern Mandarin [Beijing]	Pinyin: zhǔ IPA: /ʈʂu²¹⁴/

斗 (traditional 斗, Pinyin zhǔ (zhu3), Wade-Giles chu³)

1. (枓) ladle or spoon used for scooping water.
2. a unit of measure for liquids.
3. rebus character for 主: master, God.

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Pronunciation #3 ("to fight")
Old Chinese	/*toːɡs/ (Zhengzhang) /*tˁok-s/ (Baxter-Sagart, unlisted)
Middle Chinese	/təuᴴ/
Modern Mandarin [Beijing]	Pinyin: dòu IPA: /toʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese [Guangzhou]	Jyutping: dau3 IPA: /tɐu³³/
Wu [Shanghai]	/tɜ³⁴/
Min Nan [Taiwan]	tàu (colloquial), tò͘ (literary)
(Sinoxenic pronunciations)→    Japanese:  と, とう        Korean:  두, 투        Vietnamese:  đấu

斗 (traditional 鬥 or 斗, Pinyin dòu (dou4), Wade-Giles tou⁴)

1. to fight, to struggle

   争斗 ("to fight"), 战斗 ("battle"), 械斗 ("to fight with weapons"), 拳斗 ("fist fight"), 格斗 ("grapple"), 搏斗 ("to wrestle"), 明争暗斗 ("both open strife and veiled struggle"), 龙争虎斗 ("fierce struggle between two evenly-matched opponents"), 角斗 ("to battle"), 斗士 ("warrior"), 斗志 ("morale"), 斗殴 ("to brawl"), 斗气 ("to quarrel just to vent one's spleen"), 斗舰 ("man-of-war")

2. to make (animal) fight

   斗鸡 ("cockfighting"), 斗牛 ("bull-fight"), 斗鸡眼 ("cross-eye")

3. to contend, to compete with

   斗争 ("conflict"), 斗智 ("contest of wits"), 斗嘴 ("to squabble"), 批斗 ("to criticize and denounce a person")

4. to strive one's best

   奋斗 ("to work at one's utmost")

5. (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other
6. chaotic, disorderly, helter-skelter
7. to take the opportunity to ..., to do something while it's ...
8. to face, to confront, to front, to be opposite
9. to encounter, to face
10. to piece together, to fit together
11. fine tea, tea of the best quality
12. (dialectal) bird nest
13. rebus character for 逗: to tease, to play with
14. rebus character for 兜: to solicit (customers or business)
15. rebus character for 陡: suddenly, in a sudden
16. a Chinese surname.

Compounds

• 阿斗 ("nickname for Liu Shan; a fool")
• 筋斗 ("somersault")