karsia

See also: kärsiä

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skardijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝rs̠iɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑrsiɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): kar‧sia

Verb

karsia (transitive)

1. (forestry) to limb, delimb (to remove the branches of a tree)

   Synonym: oksia

2. (horticulture) to prune, trim
3. to eliminate, weed out (to remove the ones not qualified)

Conjugation

Inflection of karsia (Kotus type 61/sallia, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karsin	en karsi	1st sing.	olen karsinut	en ole karsinut
2nd sing.		karsit	et karsi	2nd sing.	olet karsinut	et ole karsinut
3rd sing.		karsii	ei karsi	3rd sing.	on karsinut	ei ole karsinut
1st plur.		karsimme	emme karsi	1st plur.	olemme karsineet	emme ole karsineet
2nd plur.		karsitte	ette karsi	2nd plur.	olette karsineet	ette ole karsineet
3rd plur.		karsivat	eivät karsi	3rd plur.	ovat karsineet	eivät ole karsineet
passive		karsitaan	ei karsita	passive	on karsittu	ei ole karsittu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karsin	en karsinut	1st sing.	olin karsinut	en ollut karsinut
2nd sing.		karsit	et karsinut	2nd sing.	olit karsinut	et ollut karsinut
3rd sing.		karsi	ei karsinut	3rd sing.	oli karsinut	ei ollut karsinut
1st plur.		karsimme	emme karsineet	1st plur.	olimme karsineet	emme olleet karsineet
2nd plur.		karsitte	ette karsineet	2nd plur.	olitte karsineet	ette olleet karsineet
3rd plur.		karsivat	eivät karsineet	3rd plur.	olivat karsineet	eivät olleet karsineet
passive		karsittiin	ei karsittu	passive	oli karsittu	ei ollut karsittu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karsisin	en karsisi	1st sing.	olisin karsinut	en olisi karsinut
2nd sing.		karsisit	et karsisi	2nd sing.	olisit karsinut	et olisi karsinut
3rd sing.		karsisi	ei karsisi	3rd sing.	olisi karsinut	ei olisi karsinut
1st plur.		karsisimme	emme karsisi	1st plur.	olisimme karsineet	emme olisi karsineet
2nd plur.		karsisitte	ette karsisi	2nd plur.	olisitte karsineet	ette olisi karsineet
3rd plur.		karsisivat	eivät karsisi	3rd plur.	olisivat karsineet	eivät olisi karsineet
passive		karsittaisiin	ei karsittaisi	passive	olisi karsittu	ei olisi karsittu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		karsi	älä karsi	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		karsikoon	älköön karsiko	3rd sing.	olkoon karsinut	älköön olko karsinut
1st plur.		karsikaamme	älkäämme karsiko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		karsikaa	älkää karsiko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		karsikoot	älkööt karsiko	3rd plur.	olkoot karsineet	älkööt olko karsineet
passive		karsittakoon	älköön karsittako	passive	olkoon karsittu	älköön olko karsittu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karsinen	en karsine	1st sing.	lienen karsinut	en liene karsinut
2nd sing.		karsinet	et karsine	2nd sing.	lienet karsinut	et liene karsinut
3rd sing.		karsinee	ei karsine	3rd sing.	lienee karsinut	ei liene karsinut
1st plur.		karsinemme	emme karsine	1st plur.	lienemme karsineet	emme liene karsineet
2nd plur.		karsinette	ette karsine	2nd plur.	lienette karsineet	ette liene karsineet
3rd plur.		karsinevat	eivät karsine	3rd plur.	lienevät karsineet	eivät liene karsineet
passive		karsittaneen	ei karsittane	passive	lienee karsittu	ei liene karsittu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		karsia		present	karsiva	karsittava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st karsiakseni karsiaksemme 2nd karsiaksesi karsiaksenne 3rd karsiakseen karsiaksensa		past	karsinut	karsittu
2nd	inessive2	karsiessa	karsittaessa	agent4	karsima
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st karsiessani karsiessamme 2nd karsiessasi karsiessanne 3rd karsiessaan karsiessansa		negative	karsimaton
	instructive	karsien	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	karsimassa	—
	elative	karsimasta	—
	illative	karsimaan	—
	adessive	karsimalla	—
	abessive	karsimatta	—
	instructive	karsiman	karsittaman
4th3	verbal noun	karsiminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st karsimaisillani karsimaisillamme 2nd karsimaisillasi karsimaisillanne 3rd karsimaisillaan karsimaisillansa

Derived terms

• karsiintua
• karsija
• Karsikas
• karsikko
• karsiminen
• karsinta
• karsiutua

 

Further reading

• “karsia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• Sakari, araksi, kasari, raaski, raikas, raiska, raksia, raskia

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak. Cognates include Finnish karsia and Estonian karsida.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ/, [ˈkɑrs̠e̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ/, [ˈkɑrʃiɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑrseː, -ɑrsiɑ
• Hyphenation: kar‧si‧a

Verb

karsia

1. (transitive) to scratch
2. (transitive) to limb (remove branches from a tree)
3. (transitive) to scrape (remove the surface of a root vegetable)

Conjugation

Conjugation of karsia (type 7/oppia, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsin	en karsi	1st singular	oon karsint, oon karsinut	en oo karsint, en oo karsinut
2nd singular	karsit	et karsi	2nd singular	oot karsint, oot karsinut	et oo karsint, et oo karsinut
3rd singular	karsii	ei karsi	3rd singular	ono karsint, ono karsinut	ei oo karsint, ei oo karsinut
1st plural	karsimma	emmä karsi	1st plural	oomma karsineet	emmä oo karsineet
2nd plural	karsitta	että karsi	2nd plural	ootta karsineet	että oo karsineet
3rd plural	karsiit1), karsivat2), karsitaa	evät karsi, ei karsita	3rd plural	ovat karsineet	evät oo karsineet, ei oo karsittu
impersonal	karsitaa	ei karsita	impersonal	ono karsittu	ei oo karsittu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsin	en karsint, en karsinut	1st singular	olin karsint, olin karsinut	en olt karsint, en olt karsinut
2nd singular	karsit	et karsint, et karsinut	2nd singular	olit karsint, olit karsinut	et olt karsint, et olt karsinut
3rd singular	karsi	ei karsint, ei karsinut	3rd singular	oli karsint, oli karsinut	ei olt karsint, ei olt karsinut
1st plural	karsimma	emmä karsineet	1st plural	olimma karsineet	emmä olleet karsineet
2nd plural	karsitta	että karsineet	2nd plural	olitta karsineet	että olleet karsineet
3rd plural	karsiit1), karsivat2), karsittii	evät karsineet, ei karsittu	3rd plural	olivat karsineet	evät olleet karsineet, ei olt karsittu
impersonal	karsittii	ei karsittu	impersonal	oli karsittu	ei olt karsittu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsisin	en karsis	1st singular	olisin karsint, olisin karsinut	en olis karsint, en olis karsinut
2nd singular	karsisit, karsiist1)	et karsis	2nd singular	olisit karsint, olisit karsinut	et olis karsint, et olis karsinut
3rd singular	karsis	ei karsis	3rd singular	olis karsint, olis karsinut	ei olis karsint, ei olis karsinut
1st plural	karsisimma	emmä karsis	1st plural	olisimma karsineet	emmä olis karsineet
2nd plural	karsisitta	että karsis	2nd plural	olisitta karsineet	että olis karsineet
3rd plural	karsisiit1), karsisivat2), karsittais	evät karsis, ei karsittais	3rd plural	olisivat karsineet	evät olis karsineet, ei olis karsittu
impersonal	karsittais	ei karsittais	impersonal	olis karsittu	ei olis karsittu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	karsi	elä karsi	2nd singular	oo karsint, oo karsinut	elä oo karsint, elä oo karsinut
3rd singular	karsikoo	elköö karsiko	3rd singular	olkoo karsint, olkoo karsinut	elköö olko karsint, elköö olko karsinut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	karsikaa	elkää karsiko	2nd plural	olkaa karsineet	elkää olko karsineet
3rd plural	karsikoot	elkööt karsiko, elköö karsittako	3rd plural	olkoot karsineet	elkööt olko karsineet, elköö olko karsittu
impersonal	karsittakkoo	elköö karsittako	impersonal	olkoo karsittu	elköö olko karsittu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	karsinen	en karsine
2nd singular	karsinet	et karsine
3rd singular	karsinoo	ei karsine
1st plural	karsinemma	emmä karsine
2nd plural	karsinetta	että karsine
3rd plural	karsinoot	evät karsine, ei karsittane
impersonal	karsittannoo	ei karsittane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		karsia	present	karsiva	karsittava
2nd	inessive	karsijees	past	karsint, karsinut	karsittu
	instructive	karsien	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (karsikaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	karsimaa
	inessive	karsimaas
	elative	karsimast
	abessive	karsimata
4th	nominative	karsimiin
	partitive	karsimista, karsimist

Synonyms

• (to scratch): kraappia, kraapata, karsittaa

Derived terms

• karsittaa

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 138

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ̯/, [ˈkɑrsʲiɑ̯]
• Rhymes: -ɑrsiɑ̯
• Hyphenation: kar‧sia

Verb

karsia

1. (transitive) to scratch, scrape
2. (transitive) to trim
3. (transitive) to comb (wool), card (flax)

Inflection

Conjugation of karsia (type II-1/kuttsua, s-z gradation)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karzin	en karzi	1st singular	õõn karsinnu	en õõ karsinnu
2nd singular	karzid	ed karzi	2nd singular	õõd karsinnu	ed õõ karsinnu
3rd singular	karzib	eb karzi	3rd singular	on karsinnu	eb õõ karsinnu
1st plural	karzimmõ	emmä karzi	1st plural	õõmmõ karsinnu	emmä õõ karsinnu
2nd plural	karzittõ	että karzi	2nd plural	õõttõ karsinnu	että õõ karsinnu
3rd plural	karzita	eväd karzi	3rd plural	õlla karzittu	eväd õõ karzittu
impersonal	karzita	eväd karzi	impersonal	õlla karzittu	eväd õõ karzittu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsizin	en karsinnu	1st singular	õlin karsinnu	—
2nd singular	karsizid	ed karsinnu	2nd singular	õlid karsinnu	—
3rd singular	karsi	eb karsinnu	3rd singular	õli karsinnu	—
1st plural	karsizimmõ	emmä karsinnu	1st plural	õlimmõ karsinnu	—
2nd plural	karsizittõ	että karsinnu	2nd plural	õlittõ karsinnu	—
3rd plural	karzitti	eväd karzittu	3rd plural	õlti karzittu	—
impersonal	karzitti	eväd karzittu	impersonal	õlti karzittu	—
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	karsizin	en karsizʹ	1st singular	õllõizin karsinnu	en õllõizʹ karsinnu
2nd singular	karsizid	ed karsizʹ	2nd singular	õllõizid karsinnu	ed õllõizʹ karsinnu
3rd singular	karsizʹ	eb karsizʹ	3rd singular	õllõizʹ karsinnu	eb õllõizʹ karsinnu
1st plural	karsizimmõ	emmä karsizʹ	1st plural	õllõizimmõ karsinnu	emmä õllõizʹ karsinnu
2nd plural	karsizittõ	että karsizʹ	2nd plural	õllõizittõ karsinnu	että õllõizʹ karsinnu
3rd plural	karzittaizʹ	eväd karzittaizʹ	3rd plural	õltaizʹ karzittu	eväd õltaizʹ karzittu
impersonal	karzittaizʹ	eväd karzittaizʹ	impersonal	õltaizʹ karzittu	eväd õltaizʹ karzittu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	karzi	elä karzi
3rd singular	karsigo1)	elko karsigo1)
1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	karsiga	elka karsiga
3rd plural	karsigod1)	—
impersonal	—	—
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
1st		karsia	present	karsijõ2)	—
2nd	illative	karsima	past	karsinnu	karzittu
	inessive	karsimõz	1) using la is more common 2) also used as the agent noun
	elative	karsimõssõ
	abessive	karsimõttõ

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “karsia”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn