le
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Page categories
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (usual pronunciation, like French) /lə/; also (esp. US or online) /leɪ/, (rarely) /li/, (emulating Parisian French) /lø/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -e
Article
[edit]le
- (informal, humorous) The.
- 1949, Michael Maltese, For Scent-imental Reasons, spoken by Penelope Pussycat:
- Le mew. Le purr.
- 1996 September 28, Game Freak, Pokémon Blue, Nintendo, level/area: S.S. Anne:
- Waiter: 'Bonjour! I am le waiter on this ship! [...] Ah! Le strong silent type!'
- 2012 October 1, Miranda Kenneally, Stealing Parker, Sourcebooks, Inc., →ISBN, page 63:
- That's when Waitress Seductress Extraordinaire comes back and gets our order. […] "We're sharing an order of à la Appalachia, he says, handing over the menus and turning his focus back to me. Le waitress stomps off. I ask, "Why are they called that?" "Because when they've got the fries stacked up they're higher than a mountain range." I groan and touch my stomach. "You're funny," he says, his eyes twinkling.
Usage notes
[edit]Marks the speaker as pretending to be stereotypically French. For additional jocular effect, may be used where neither English nor French would place a definite article.
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old French lez.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]le
- (obsolete) Next to, near (still used in some place names).
- Chester-le-Street is a town in County Durham near an old Roman road.
- Witton-le-Wear, Dalton-le-Dale, Hetton-le-Hole
Anagrams
[edit]Afar
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]lé
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of le (irregular) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st singular | 2nd singular | 3rd singular | 1st plural | 2nd plural | 3rd plural | ||||
m | f | ||||||||
present indicative I | V-affirmative | liyóh | litóh | léh | léh | linóh | litoonúh | loonúh | |
N-affirmative | liyó | litó | lé | lé | linó | litón | lón | ||
negative | máliyo, máyyu | málito, mántu | máli | máli | málino, mánnu | máliton | málon | ||
present indicative II | affirmative present indicative I + imperfective of én | ||||||||
past indicative I | lúk + perfective of én | ||||||||
past indicative II | lúk + perfective of sugé | ||||||||
present potential |
affirmative | liyóm takkéh | litóm takkéh | lém takkéh | lém takkéh | linóm takkéh | litoonúm takkéh | loonúm takkéh | |
past conditional |
affirmative | lúk + past conditional of sugé | |||||||
-h converb | -k converb | -in(n)uh converb | infinitive | ||||||
líh | lúk | línnuh | líyya |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 284
Albanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Jussive particle le (“let”) corresponds with 2nd person/singular Aorist form of Albanian lë (“to let/leave (go/behind)”); le (“you let/left (go/behind)”). From Proto-Albanian *laide (“let”).[1] Identical to Baltic permissive and optative particles Latvian lai (“to let”), Lithuanian laĩ, Old Prussian -lai.[2][3][4][5]
Cognate to Albanian lihem (“to be left; allowed”) (Standard & Tosk), Gheg Albanian lêhem, lêna (passive forms of active lë).[6][7]
Verb
[edit]le (aorist láshë, participle lënë)
- second-person singular aorist active indicative of lë
- second-person singular aorist passive indicative of lihem
Particle
[edit]le (+)
- (jussive) let
- Jussive modal particle used before verbs. A gentle way to express orders, instructions or to ask for approval/permission. Jussive construction:
- 1. jussive particle → le (“let”)
- 2. + subjunctive particle → të (“it”)
- 3. + → subjunctive verb form (present, imperfect, perfect or past perfect). See also (*) for irregular verbs.
- Examples: third-person singular present active jussive of marr:
- third-person singular present passive jussive of merrem:
- third-person singular present active jussive of shkoj:
- third-person plural present active jussive of shkoj:
- third-person singular present active jussive of flas:
- third-person plural present active jussive of flas:
- (*) Irregular verb:
- Example: third-person singular present active jussive of jam:
- Jussive modal particle used before verbs. A gentle way to express orders, instructions or to ask for approval/permission. Jussive construction:
- (subjunctive) + që (“that”) → subjunctive: not only that; if only; would that
- Le që... ― Not only that...
- (Gheg, subjunctive) → mostly + se (“that”) instead of që (“id”): not only that; if only; would that
- Le se... ― Not only that...
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “le”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
- ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 255
- ^ Gjergj Pekmezi (1908) Grammar of the Albanian language, transl., Grammatik der albanesischen Sprache (in German), Albanesicher Verein Dija (Albanian Association Dija), Wien - Austria, pages 76-77
- ^ Ernst Fraenkel (1962) Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary, transl., Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), C. Winter, page 329
- ^ Çabej, Eqrem (1976) “le”, in Studime Gjuhësore II, Studime Etimologjike në Fushë të Shqipes, Prishtinë: Rilindja, page 3120
- ^ Mann, Stuart E. (1977) An Albanian Historical Grammar[1], Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, →ISBN, page 137
- ^ Stuart Edward Mann (1932) A Short Albanian Grammar with Vocabularies, and Selected Passages for Reading, D. Nutt (A.G. Berry), pages 34, 40
Further reading
[edit]- Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 273 (juss. particle ¹le / ²le (+ që) → subjunc. / verb ³le 2nd p./sg. aor. of lë)
- [7] jussive particle le (engl. let) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
- [8] conjugation active verb lë (e kryera e thjeshtë (engl. Aorist): 1st/sg) lashë; (2nd/sg) le; (3rd/sg) la; (1st/pl) lamë; (2nd/pl) latë; (3rd/pl) lanë) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Albanian *laida, an ostensibly o-grade thematic present from the root *leyd- (“to let go, release”).
Verb
[edit]le needs inflection
- (dialectal) to give birth, bear
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “lej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 56: “nascere” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
Aragonese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le
- (to) him (indirect object)
Synonyms
[edit]Bourguignon
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Article
[edit]le (alternative form lou, feminine lai, plural les)
Breton
[edit]Noun
[edit]le ? (plural leou)
Chinese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]le
Cornish
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *lleɣ, from Proto-Celtic *legyom. Cognate to Welsh lle and Breton lec'h.
Noun
[edit]le m (plural leow)
- place, location
- Pur vysi yw an le ma der an hav.
- This place is very busy through the summer.
- space, seat
- Eus le yn an park kerri na?
- Is there a space in that car park?
- Res yw dhywgh ragerghi le rag an kyttrin leel.
- You need to book a seat for the local bus.
Derived terms
[edit]Corsican
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin illae, feminine plural of ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian le (“the, them”) and French les (“the, them”).
Article
[edit]le
Pronoun
[edit]le
References
[edit]Dalmatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin illae, nominative feminine plural of ille.
Article
[edit]le f pl
Related terms
[edit]Danish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse lé (“scythe”), from Proto-Germanic *lewô, cognate with Norwegian ljå and Swedish lie.
Noun
[edit]le c (singular definite leen, plural indefinite leer)
- scythe (farm tool)
Inflection
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse hlæja, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, cognate with English laugh and German lachen.
Verb
[edit]le (imperative le, present ler, past lo, past participle leet or let)
- to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)
Conjugation
[edit]See also
[edit]- le on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
- Le (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Fala
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le
Usage notes
[edit]- Takes the form -li when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[9], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Franco-Provençal
[edit]Determiner
[edit]le (ORB, broad)
- Alternative form of lo
Pronoun
[edit]le (ORB, broad)
- Alternative form of lo
References
[edit]- le [1] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
- le in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle French le, from Old French le, from Latin illum, by dropping il- and -m. Latin illum is the accusative singular of ille.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /lə/
- (before a word starting with a vowel) IPA(key): /l‿/
Audio: (file)
- (Paris) IPA(key): /lø/
- (Louisiana) IPA(key): /l(ə)/
- Rhymes: -ə
Article
[edit]le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les, prevocalic masculine or feminine singular l’)
- the (definite article)
- Le lait du matin. ― The milk of the morning.
- Used before abstract nouns; not translated in English.
- L’amour est aveugle.
- Used before the names of most countries, many subnational regions, and other geographical names including names of lakes and streets; not translated into English in most cases.
- Je vais visiter le Canada l’année prochaine, surtout l’Ontario et le Québec.
- I will be visiting Canada next year, especially Ontario and Quebec.
- La place Rouge se trouve au cœur de Moscou.
- Red Square is located in the heart of Moscow.
- (before parts of the body) the; my, your, etc.
- Il s’est cassé la jambe. ― He has broken his leg.
- (before units) a, an, per
- cinquante kilomètres à l’heure ― fifty kilometres an hour
- trois dollars le morceau ― three dollars per piece
- (before dates) on
- Je suis née le 1er juillet 1967. ― I was born on July 1, 1967.
Usage notes
[edit]- le becomes l’ before a vowel or an unaspirated h.
- l’amour ― love
- l’endroit ― the place
- l’homme ― the man
- When the article le is preceded by the prepositions de or à, *de le or *à le is not used (except dialectally); instead, it is contracted into du or au, respectively. Likewise, *de les and *à les are replaced by des and aux (except dialectally). However, la may be preceded by de and à.
- Il a une cicatrice au visage. ― He has a scar on the face. / He has a scar on his face.
- *de le and *à le become de l' and à l' respectively in front of a vowel or an unaspirated h.
Pronoun
[edit]le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)
- (direct object) him, it
- Où est Malik ? Je ne le vois pas.
- Where is Malik? I don't see him.
- Mon sac ? Je vais le mettre dans la voiture.
- My bag? I'm going to put it in the car.
- used to refer to something previously mentioned or implied; not translated in English
- Je suis petit et lui, il l’est aussi. ― I am small and he is too (literally, “... and he is it too”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Unlike the definite article le, the pronouns le and les may be preceded by the prepositions de and à: Je cherchais à le voir. ― I was trying to see him.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
References
[edit]- ^ Dauzat, Albert with Jean Dubois, Henri Mitterand (1964) “le, la, les”, in Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique (in French), Paris: Librairie Larousse
Further reading
[edit]- “le”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le (third person feminine direct object)
Related terms
[edit]Fula
[edit]Particle
[edit]le
References
[edit]- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
- Richard Smith, Urs Niggli, Dictionnaire fulfulde - anglais - français, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2016.
Galician
[edit]Verb
[edit]le
- inflection of ler:
Garifuna
[edit]Article
[edit]le
- masculine definite article
- Mutu le ― The man
Antonyms
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]le (comparative lejjebb)
Usage notes
[edit]This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with le-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see le-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.
Further reading
[edit]- le in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Anagrams
[edit]Ido
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Article
[edit]le (plural)
- the (used only when there is no other sign of plurality, for example with nominalized adjectives)
- Yen pomi, prenez le bona e lasez le mala.
- Here's apples, take the good ones and leave the bad ones.
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]le (plural le-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter L/l.
See also
[edit]- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Interlingua
[edit]Article
[edit]le
Usage notes
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le m (plural les)
- him (direct object)
- Io le appella mi amico. ― I call him my friend.
Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- lé (superseded)
Etymology
[edit]From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions:
- re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).
- le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)
- with
- le héadach ― with clothing
- used in conjunction with the copula particle is and a noun to indicate possession
- Is liomsa an hata.
- The hat is mine; the hat belongs to me.
- Is le Cáit an peann luaidhe.
- The pencil is Cáit’s; the pencil belongs to Cáit.
- (in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective) in the opinion of, in the consideration of
- Is beag liom an cheist.
- The issue is unimportant to me/in my opinion.
- to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of vowel-initial verbal nouns)
- rud le n-ithe ― something to eat
- oiriúnach le n-ól ― fit to drink
- ró-the le n-ól ― too hot to drink
- Cé mhéad atá le n-íoc?
- How much does it cost?
- (literally, “How much is to pay?”)
- to (after a verb of speaking)
- in order to
Inflection
[edit]Person: | simple | emphatic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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singular | first | liom | liomsa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
second | leat | leatsa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
third | m | leis | leis-sean | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
f | léi | léise | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | first | linn | linne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
second | libh | libhse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
third | leo | leosan |
Quotations
[edit]- Níl sé ina lá (Irish traditional song):
- Is é dúirt sí liom “ní bhfaighidh tú deor.
Buail an bóthar is gabh abhaile.”- And what she said to me was, “you won’t get a drop.
Hit the road and go home.”
- And what she said to me was, “you won’t get a drop.
Derived terms
[edit]See Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "le"
See also
[edit]Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “le”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fri”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “la”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- “le”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin illae, which is the nominative plural feminine of ille.[1] Cognate with Sicilian li~i.
Article
[edit]Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
le f pl (singular la)
Usage notes
[edit]- Contrary to la, le does not elide before words that begin with a vowel:
- le amiche ― (the female) friends
Pronoun
[edit]le f pl (masculine li, singular la)
- (accusative) them (third-person plural feminine)
- Le ho viste. ― I saw them.
Usage notes
[edit]- Never elides.
- Becomes glie when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
Alternative forms
[edit]- -le (enclitic)
See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *illae, a nonstandard form of Latin illī (dative singular of illa). The ae in illae is modelled under influence of the dative case for first-declension feminine nouns, e.g. Classical Latin puellae. Cognate with Sicilian ci.
Pronoun
[edit]le f (plural gli)
- (dative) her, to her
- Synonym: (informal) gli
- Le ho detto che la amo. ― I told her that I love her.
- Le ho dato la lettera. ― I gave her the letter.
- (dative) you, to you (term of respect)
- Non le ho detto il mio nome. ― I didn't tell you my name.
- Le ho dato la lettera. ― I gave you the letter.
Usage notes
[edit]- In formal writing, when le is used as term of respect it is usually capitalised/capitalized as Le to avoid confusion with le (“her”).
- In informal contexts often replaced with gli, especially in spoken language.
- Becomes glie when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
- Never elides.
Alternative forms
[edit]See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]le
Ladino
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish le, from Latin illī, dative of ille.
Pronoun
[edit]le m or f by sense (Hebrew spelling לי)[1]
References
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic لَا (lā). Cognate with Hebrew לא (lō).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]le
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 了
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 餎 / 饹
le
- Nonstandard spelling of lē.
- Nonstandard spelling of lè.
Usage notes
[edit]- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mauritian Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]le
- (definite) the
Meriam
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Rotuman.
Noun
[edit]le
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French le, from Latin illum.
Article
[edit]le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)
Descendants
[edit]- French: le
Neapolitan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le
- Alternative form of 'e
Coordinate terms
[edit]Number | Person | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Reflexive | Possessive | Prepositional |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first-person | io (i') | me | mìo, mìa, mieje, meje | me, méne | ||
second-person, familiar | tu | te | tùjo, tòja, tùoje, tòje | te, téne | |||
second-person, formal | vuje | ve | vuósto, vósta, vuóste, vóste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsso | 'o, 'u (lo, lu) | 'i, 'e (li, le) | se | sùjo, sòja, sùoje, sòje | ìsso | |
third-person, feminine | éssa | 'a (la) | 'e (le) | éssa | |||
plural | first-person | nuje | ce | nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste | nuje | ||
second-person, plural | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsse | 'i, 'e (li, le) | llòro | se | llòro (invariable) | llòro | |
third-person, feminine | llòro | 'e (le) |
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Adjective
[edit]le (indeclinable)
Noun
[edit]le n
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *klek-, *kleg- (“to shout”).
Verb
[edit]le (imperative le, present tense ler, passive -, simple past lo, past participle ledd, present participle leende)
- to laugh
References
[edit]- “le” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”),[1] from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from the Proto-Indo-European root *klel-, *kleg- (“to shout”). Akin to English laugh.
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]le (present tense ler, past tense lo, supine ledd or lett, past participle ledd, present participle leande, imperative le)
- (intransitive) to laugh
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse hlé.[1] Akin to English lee.
Noun
[edit]le n (definite singular leet, indefinite plural le, definite plural lea)
Adjective
[edit]le (indeclinable)
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]le
- imperative of lea
References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- lo (9th century in The Sequence of Saint Eulalia and 10th century in La Vie de Saint Léger)
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]le
- the (masculine singular oblique definite article)
- (Picardy, Anglo-Norman) the (feminine singular definite article)
Usage notes
[edit]When coming after en, the two words combine into el.
Inflection
[edit]Case | masculine | feminine | |
---|---|---|---|
singular | subject | li | la, le 1 |
oblique | le 1 | la 1 | |
plural | subject | li | les |
oblique | les | les |
Pronoun
[edit]le
- it (masculine singular object pronoun)
Descendants
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *le.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]le
- but
- only
- 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[13], [14], [15], volume XXII, page 235:
- Bo yako gymyenya wyeloscz a czczi tego swyata nabiczye cziny ludzi nadąte a pischne, tako potąpyenye a vbostwo, le skromne, czini vbogye duchem
- [Bo jako jimienia wielość a czci tego świata nabycie czyni ludzi nadęte a pyszne, tako potępienie a ubostwo, le skromne, czyni ubogie duchem]
- that is, namely
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[16], page 546:
- Gorze temv, lye duschy y czyalv ktorego..., yen nye zdradzyl
- [Gorze temu, le duszy i ciału [ktorego] [tego]..., jen mnie zdradził]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[17], page 599:
- Iesus... dluzey począl szye modlycz, lye przeto dluzey szye modly, yze blyzey ku smyerczy ydzye
- [Jesus... dłużej począł sie modlić, le przeto dłużej sie modli, iże bliżej ku śmierci idzie]
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Middle Polish: le
References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “le”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Phalura
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- that, this (agr: dist fem / dist non-nom masc)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “le”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[18], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- those, these (agr: dist)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “le”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[19], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- that one
- it
- she (dist fem nom)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “le”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[20], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- those ones
- these ones
- they (dist nom)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “le”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[21], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Pnar
[edit]< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : le Ordinal : wa le | ||
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Khasian *laːj. Cognate with Khasi lai. Compare Proto-Palaungic *ləʔɔːj (whence Blang [La Gang] lɔ́j) and Car Nicobarese lōe.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]le
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin illīs, dative common plural of ille.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le m (unstressed dative form of ei)
- (indirect object, third-person masculine plural) to them (all-male or mixed group)
Pronoun
[edit]le f (unstressed dative form of ele)
- (indirect object, third-person feminine plural) to them (all-female group)
Pronoun
[edit]le m (unstressed accusative form of ele)
- (direct object, third-person feminine plural) them (all-female group)
Related terms
[edit]- lor (stressed dative of ei and ele)
- ele (stressed accusative of ele)
- îl (unstressed dative of el (singular))
- îi (unstressed dative of ea (singular) and unstressed accusative of ei (masculine))
- o (unstressed accusative of ea (singular))
Samoan
[edit]Article
[edit]le
- the (the definite article)
Usage notes
[edit]Only in the singular. Sometimes used where the indefinite article would be used in English.
See also
[edit]Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish la. Cognates include Irish le and Manx lesh.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]le (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article leis)
- with
- by
- down
- Thuit e leis a' chreig. ― He fell down the rock.
- deòir a' ruith leis a h-aodann ― tears running down her face
Usage notes
[edit]- When referring to being with people, còmhla ri is preferred to le by many speakers.
Inflection
[edit]Person: | simple | emphatic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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singular | first | leam | leamsa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
second | leat | leatsa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
third | m | leis | leis-san | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
f | leatha | leathase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | first | leinn | leinne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
second | leibh | leibhse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
third | leotha | leothasan |
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
first person | lemL | lerN | |
second person | ledL | lurN | |
third person | m | le aL | lenN, lemN 1) |
f | le aH |
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis;
N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Adverb
[edit]le (Cyrillic spelling ле)
- (archaic) only
- 1556, Hanibal Lucić, U vrime ko čisto:
- Nego se varteći dugo tuj zamani,
Goro, le htih reći, zbogome ostani.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Related terms
[edit]Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]lȅ
Further reading
[edit]- “le”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
Southern Ndebele
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]le
- these; class 4 proximal demonstrative.
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]le
- this; class 9 proximal demonstrative.
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin illī, dative of ille.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]le m or f by sense
- to him, for him; dative of él
- Mi mamá va a escribirle una carta.
- My mom is going to write him a letter.
- to her, for her; dative of ella
- Le dio un beso a Ana.
- He gave Ana a kiss.
- to it, for it; dative of ello
- ¡Ponle esfuerzo!
- Put some effort into it!
- to you, for you (formal); dative of usted
- ¿A usted le gustan los caballos?
- Do you like horses?
- (leísmo, dialectal) you (formal); accusative of usted
- (leísmo, dialectal) him; accusative of él
- Synonym: lo
- Él es mi amigo, le conozco desde pequeño.
- He is my friend, I know him since he was little.
- (leísmo, dialectal, proscribed except in impersonal sentences with "se") it; accusative of ello
- Synonym: (when proscribed) lo
- Se le conoce como la ciudad que nunca duerme. [non-proscribed]
- They know it as the City That Never Sleeps.
- ¿Te gusta mi auto? Le compré con mis ahorros. [proscribed]
- Do you like my car? I bought it with my savings.
- (leísmo, dialectal, proscribed except in impersonal sentences with "se") her; accusative of ella
- Synonym: (when proscribed) la
- Se le conoce como la Reina del Pop. [non-proscribed]
- They know her as the Queen of Pop.
- Ayer le vi cenando en un restaurante. [proscribed]
- Yesterday I saw her dining at a restaurant.
Usage notes
[edit]- Though le is usually the indirect object form of the direct object pronouns lo/la, it is often used in Spain as a direct object as well...e.g., yo le amo (“I love him”). This phenomenon is known as leísmo.
- Note that when a sentence contains a noun that is an indirect object, a redundant indirect object le (or its plural form les) is also required; for example yo le daré el libro a Jorge (literally “I will give him the book to Jorge”), where him/le corresponds to Jorge. This type of pronoun is obligatory. Both of the object pronouns le and les become se when followed by the direct object lo/la/los/las; hence, yo se lo daré (“I will give it to him/her/them”) rather than *yo le/les lo daré.
Pronoun
[edit]le gender-neutral
- (gender-neutral, neologism) to them, for them (singular); dative of elle
- Le diré que te llame.
- I will tell them to call you.
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading
[edit]- “le”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
- “leísmo” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN
Swahili
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]-le (declinable)
- that (distal demonstrative adjective)
Inflection
[edit]Noun class | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
m-wa class(I/II) | yule | wale |
m-mi class(III/IV) | ule | ile |
ji-ma class(V/VI) | lile | yale |
ki-vi class(VII/VIII) | kile | vile |
n class(IX/X) | ile | zile |
u class(XI) | ule | see n(X) or ma(VI) class |
pa class(XVI) | pale | |
ku class(XVII) | kule | |
mu class(XVIII) | mle |
See also
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Swedish lēia, lea, from Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]le (present ler, preterite log, supine lett, imperative le)
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | le | les | ||
Supine | lett | letts | ||
Imperative | le | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | len | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ler | log | les | logs |
Ind. plural1 | le | logo | les | logos |
Subjunctive2 | le | loge | les | loges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | leende | |||
Past participle | — | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Tarantino
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Article
[edit]le m pl or f pl
Turkish
[edit]Noun
[edit]le
- The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze
Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Vietic *k-lɛː (“bamboo”). Doublet of tre.
Noun
[edit](classifier cây) le
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]le
- (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of lè (“to loll (tongue); to put out”)
Etymology 4
[edit]Adverb
[edit]le
Etymology 5
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]le
Derived terms
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]le
- Soft mutation of lle.
Adverb
[edit]le
- (South Wales, colloquial) where
- Le ma'r tŷ bach?
- Where's the loo?
Synonyms
[edit]Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
lle | le | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Xhosa
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]lé
- these; class 4 proximal demonstrative.
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]lé
- this; class 9 proximal demonstrative.
Yoruba
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]lè
- (auxiliary, defective) to be able, can, to be possible
- Ó lè gbọ́ Yorùbá. ― She can understand Yoruba.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]le
- to be hard in texture, to be difficult
- Iṣẹ́ náà le bí ojú ẹja. ― The work is as hard as a fish's eye.
- (idiomatic) to be healthy, to be in good health
- Synonym: yá
- ṣe ará le o? ― Are you in good health?
Synonyms
[edit]Yoruba Varieties and Languages - le (“to be difficult, hard”) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
view map; edit data | |||||
Language Family | Variety Group | Variety/Language | Subdialect | Location | Words |
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Eastern Àkókó | Ọ̀bà | Ọ̀bà Àkókó | ni, le |
Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú Òde | ni | ||
Rẹ́mọ | Ẹ̀pẹ́ | ni | |||
Ìkòròdú | ni | ||||
Ṣágámù | ni | ||||
Ìkálẹ̀ | Òkìtìpupa | ni, le | |||
Oǹdó | Oǹdó | ni | |||
Usẹn | Usẹn | le | |||
Ìtsẹkírì | Ìwẹrẹ | ni | |||
Olùkùmi | Ugbódù | ni | |||
Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Èkìtì | Àdó Èkìtì | le |
Òdè Èkìtì | le | ||||
Ìfàkì Èkìtì | le | ||||
Àkúrẹ́ | Àkúrẹ́ | le | |||
Northwest Yoruba | Àwórì | Èbúté Mẹ́tà | le | ||
Èkó | Èkó | le | |||
Ìbàdàn | Ìbàdàn | le | |||
Ìbàràpá | Igbó Òrà | le | |||
Ìbọ̀lọ́ | Òṣogbo | le | |||
Ìlọrin | Ìlọrin | le | |||
Oǹkó | Ìtẹ̀síwájú LGA | le | |||
Ìwàjówà LGA | le | ||||
Kájọlà LGA | le | ||||
Ìsẹ́yìn LGA | le | ||||
Ṣakí West LGA | le | ||||
Atisbo LGA | le | ||||
Ọlọ́runṣògo LGA | le | ||||
Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | le | |||
Standard Yorùbá | Nàìjíríà | le | |||
Bɛ̀nɛ̀ | le | ||||
Northeast Yoruba/Okun | Owé | Kabba | le | ||
Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Akpáré | le | ||
Atakpamé | le | ||||
Est-Mono | le | ||||
Tchetti | le | ||||
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo. |
Derived terms
[edit]- eré-ìmárale (“exercise”)
- kára ó le (“A Yoruba greeting meaning, may you always be in good health!”)
- líle (“to be hard”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]le
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Verb
[edit]le
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Verb
[edit]lé
- (transitive) to exceed in number
- to yield interest
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]Verb
[edit]lé
- (intransitive) to appear distinctly
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Preposition
[edit]lé
Usage notes
[edit]When a word is homophonous with the verb 'lé'; it always occurs in a non-V1 position.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 8
[edit]Verb
[edit]lé
- (transitive) to pursue, to chase
- Wọ́n lé e nílèékulèé, òun náà sàsàákúsàá. ― They pursued him relentlessly, and he also ran relentlessly.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 9
[edit]Verb
[edit]lé
- (transitive) to become swollen
Derived terms
[edit]Zou
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]le
References
[edit]Zulu
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]le
- these; class 4 proximal demonstrative.
Inflection
[edit]Stem -lé | ||
---|---|---|
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Copulative | yile | |
Possessive forms | ||
Modifier | Substantive | |
Class 1 | wale | owale |
Class 2 | bale | abale |
Class 3 | wale | owale |
Class 4 | yale | eyale |
Class 5 | lale | elale |
Class 6 | ale | awale |
Class 7 | sale | esale |
Class 8 | zale | ezale |
Class 9 | yale | eyale |
Class 10 | zale | ezale |
Class 11 | lwale | olwale |
Class 14 | bale | obale |
Class 15 | kwale | okwale |
Class 17 | kwale | okwale |
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]le
- this; class 9 proximal demonstrative.
Inflection
[edit]Stem -lé | ||
---|---|---|
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Copulative | yile | |
Possessive forms | ||
Modifier | Substantive | |
Class 1 | wale | owale |
Class 2 | bale | abale |
Class 3 | wale | owale |
Class 4 | yale | eyale |
Class 5 | lale | elale |
Class 6 | ale | awale |
Class 7 | sale | esale |
Class 8 | zale | ezale |
Class 9 | yale | eyale |
Class 10 | zale | ezale |
Class 11 | lwale | olwale |
Class 14 | bale | obale |
Class 15 | kwale | okwale |
Class 17 | kwale | okwale |
References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “le”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “le (2)”
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