plan

See also: PLAN, Plan, plán, plån, plaň, pláň, and -plan

Languages (20)

English

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English

Etymology

Borrowed from French plan (“a ground-plot of a building”), from plan (“flat”), a later form of the vernacular plain, from Latin planus (“flat, plane”); see plain, plane.

Pronunciation

• enPR: plăn, IPA^(key): /plæn/
• (US regional) IPA^(key): [plɛən]

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Noun

plan (plural plans)

2. A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.

   Synonyms: design, scheme; see also Thesaurus:diagram

   The plans for many important buildings were once publicly available.

4. A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

   Synonyms: design, scheme; see also Thesaurus:design

   He didn't really have a plan; he had a goal and a habit of control.

   • 1980, John Lennon (lyrics and music), “Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)”, in Double Fantasy:

     Life is what happens to you / While you're busy making other plans

6. A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.

   Synonym: floor plan

   Seen in plan, the building had numerous passageways not apparent to visitors.

8. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
   • 1815, William Wordsworth, Rob Roy's Grave:

     The simple plan, / That they should take who have the power, / And they should keep who can.

10. A subscription to a service.

    a phone plan

    an Internet plan

Usage notes

• A plan ("set of intended actions") can be developed, executed, implemented, ignored, abandoned, scrapped, changed, etc.

Synonyms

2-dimensional drawing of a building

• blueprint

 

Derived terms

• according to plan
• action plan
• American plan
• band plan
• battleplan
• birth plan
• body plan
• business plan
• Cadillac plan
• cafeteria plan
• Chequers plan
• contingency plan
• development plan
• dividend reinvestment plan
• escalation plan
• European plan
• flatplan
• flight plan
• floor plan
• floor plan lending
• game plan
• go to plan
• grid plan
• ground plan
• ground-plan
• installment plan
• Keogh plan
• lesson plan
• life plan
• marketing plan
• Marshall Plan
• masterplan
• master plan
• modified American plan
• no battle plan survives contact with the enemy
• no battle plan survives first contact with the enemy
• no plan survives contact with the enemy
• no plan survives first contact with the enemy
• off-plan
• off the plan
• open floor plan
• open-plan
• open-plan kitchen
• party plan
• pension plan
• plan A
• plan B
• plan C
• plan chest
• plan of action
• price plan
• query plan
• rate plan
• retirement annuity plan
• sail-plan
• seating plan
• shareholder rights plan
• sounds like a plan
• time plan
• title plan
• top-hat plan
• to plan
• track plan, trackplan

 

Descendants

• → Japanese: プラン (puran)

Translations

technical drawing

• Armenian: հատակագիծ (hy) (hatakagic)
• Belarusian: план m (plan), чарцёж m (čarcjóž), схе́ма f (sxjéma)
• Bulgarian: черте́ж (bg) m (čertéž), схе́ма (bg) f (shéma)
• Catalan: pla (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 設計圖／设计图 (cit³ gai³ tou⁴)

  Mandarin: 設計圖／设计图 (zh) (shèjìtú)

• Czech: plán (cs) m
• Danish: plan (da) c
• Dutch: schema (nl) n, ontwerp (nl) n
• Finnish: kaava (fi), kaavapiirros
• French: schéma (fr) m
• Georgian: სქემა (skema), ნახაზი (naxazi), პროექტი (ṗroekṭi), გეგმა (gegma)
• German: Plan (de) m
• Greek: σχέδιο (el) n (schédio)
• Hebrew: תוכנית \ תָּכְנִית (he) f (tokhnít)
• Hindi: नक़्शा m (naqśā), प्लैन (hi) m (plain)
• Hungarian: tervrajz (hu)
• Indonesian: denah (id), rancangan (id)
• Ingrian: certeža
• Japanese: 設計図 (せっけいず, sekkeizu), 図解 (ja) (ずかい, zukai)
• Korean: 설계도(設計圖) (ko) (seolgyedo), 도해(圖解) (dohae)
• Luxembourgish: Plang m
• Maori: hoahoa
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: پِلان (fa) (pelân), پْلان (fa) (plân), نَقْشِه (fa) (nağše)

• Plautdietsch: Plon m
• Polish: schemat (pl) m, abrys (pl) m
• Portuguese: planta (pt) f
• Russian: план (ru) m (plan), чертёж (ru) m (čertjóž), схе́ма (ru) f (sxéma)
• Slovene: načrt (sl) m
• Spanish: plano (es) m
• Swahili: ramani (sw)
• Swedish: plan (sv) c
• Tajik: нақша (naqša)
• Thai: แบบแปลน (bɛ̀ɛp-bplɛɛn), ผัง (th) (pǎng)
• Turkish: plan (tr)
• Ukrainian: план (uk) m (plan), кре́слення n (kréslennja), схе́ма f (sxéma)
• Urdu: نَقْشَہ m (naqśa)
• Zulu: isakhiwo class 7/8

set of intended actions

• Albanian: plan (sq) m
• Arabic: خِطَّة f (ḵiṭṭa), خُطَّة f (ḵuṭṭa)

  Egyptian Arabic: خطة f (ḵeṭa)

• Armenian: ծրագիր (hy) (cragir), պլան (hy) (plan)
• Azerbaijani: plan (az), layihə
• Belarusian: план m (plan)
• Bulgarian: план (bg) m (plan)
• Burmese: အစီအစဉ် (my) (a.cia.cany)
• Catalan: pla (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 計劃／计划 (gai³ waak⁶)

  Mandarin: 計劃／计划 (zh) (jìhuà)

• Chuukese: kokkot
• Czech: plán (cs) m
• Danish: plan (da) c
• Dutch: plan (nl) n
• Egyptian: (sḫr)
• Esperanto: plano
• Estonian: plaan (et)
• Finnish: suunnitelma (fi)
• French: plan (fr) m, projet (fr) m
• Georgian: გეგმა (gegma)
• German: Plan (de) m
• Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 f (lists)
• Greek: σχέδιο (el) n (schédio)
• Hebrew: תוכנית \ תָּכְנִית (he) f (tokhnít)
• Hindi: योजना (hi) f (yojnā), प्रोग्राम (hi) m (progrām), प्लैन (hi) m (plain), तदबीर (hi) f (tadbīr)
• Hungarian: terv (hu)
• Icelandic: áætlun (is) f
• Indonesian: rencana (id), rancangan (id)
• Irish: plean m
• Italian: piano (it) m, programma (it) m, progetto (it) m
• Japanese: 計画 (ja) (けいかく, keikaku), プラン (ja) (puran)
• Kazakh: жоспар (jospar)
• Khmer: ផែនការ (km) (phaen kaa)
• Kikuyu: mũbango class 3
• Korean: 계획(計劃) (ko) (gyehoek)
• Kyrgyz: план (ky) (plan)
• Lao: ແຜນ (phǣn), ແຜນການ (lo) (phǣn kān)
• Latin: cōnsilium n
• Latvian: plāns (lv) m
• Lithuanian: planas m
• Macedonian: план (mk) m (plan)
• Maori: mahere
• Marathi: योजना f (yojnā)
• Meru: mubango
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: төлөвлөгөө (mn) (tölövlögöö)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: plan (no) m

• Oromo: karoora
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: پِلان (fa) (pelân), پْلان (fa) (plân), طَرْح (fa) (tarh), نَقْشِه (fa) (nağše), تَدْبیر (fa) (tadbir)

• Plautdietsch: Plon m, Väanämen n, Äwalaj f
• Polish: plan (pl) m
• Portuguese: plano (pt) m, projeto (pt) m
• Romanian: plan (ro) n, proiect (ro) n
• Russian: план (ru) m (plan)
• Sanskrit: न्याय (sa) m (nyāya)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пла̑н m

  Roman: plȃn (sh) m

• Slovak: plán m
• Slovene: načrt (sl) m
• Somali: qorshe (so)
• Spanish: plan (es) m, proyecto (es) m
• Swahili: mpango (sw), mkakati (sw)
• Swedish: plan (sv) c
• Tajik: план (plan), лоиҳа (tg) (loyiha), реҷа (reja), тарҳ (tg) (tarh), нақша (naqša)
• Thai: แผน (th) (pɛ̌ɛn), แผนงาน (th) (pɛ̌ɛn-ngaan), แปลน (th) (bplɛɛn)
• Turkish: plan (tr)
• Turkmen: plan
• Ukrainian: план (uk) m (plan)
• Urdu: نَقْشَہ m (naqśa), تَدْبِیر f (tadbīr)
• Uyghur: پىلان (pilan), لايىھە (layihe)
• Uzbek: plan (uz), reja (uz), loyiha (uz)
• Vietnamese: kế hoạch (vi)
• Welsh: arfaeth
• Yiddish: פּלאַן m (plan)
• Zulu: icebo (zu) class 5/6, isu class 5/6, iqhinga class 5/6

2-dimensional drawing from above

• Catalan: pla (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 平面圖／平面图 (ping⁴ min^6-2 tou⁴)

  Mandarin: 平面圖／平面图 (zh) (píngmiàntú)

• Czech: půdorys m
• Danish: plan (da) c
• Dutch: ontwerp (nl) n, plan (nl) n
• Finnish: pohjakaava, pohjapiirros (fi)
• French: plan (fr) m
• German: Plan (de) m
• Greek: σχέδιο (el) n (schédio)
• Ingrian: certeža
• Japanese: 平面図 (ja) (へいめんず, heimenzu)
• Korean: 평면도(平面圖) (ko) (pyeongmyeondo)
• Polish: plan (pl) m
• Portuguese: planta (pt) f
• Russian: план (ru) m (plan), чертёж (ru) m (čertjóž)
• Slovene: tloris m
• Spanish: plano (es) m
• Swedish: plan (sv) n
• Thai: พิมพ์เขียว (pim-kǐao), ผัง (th) (pǎng)

subscription plan

• Bulgarian: план (bg) m (plan)
• Finnish: liittymä (fi)
• French: forfait mobile m
• German: Tarif (de) m
• Indonesian: langganan (id)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} خُطَّة f (ḵuṭṭa)
• German: ^{(please verify)} Grundriss (de) m, ^{(please verify)} Plan (de) m, ^{(please verify)} Schema (de) n
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} projeto (io), ^{(please verify)} programo (io)
• Swahili: ^{(please verify)} mpango (sw) class 3/4
• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} ప్రణాళిక (te) (praṇāḷika)

Verb

plan (third-person singular simple present plans, present participle planning, simple past and past participle planned)

2. (transitive) To design (a building, machine, etc.).

   The architect planned the building for the client.

4. (transitive) To create a plan for.

   They jointly planned the project in phases, with good detail for the first month.

6. (intransitive) To intend.

   He planned to go, but work intervened.

   • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

8. (intransitive) To make a plan.

   They planned for the worst, bringing lots of emergency supplies.

Usage notes

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs.

Conjugation

Conjugation of plan

infinitive	(to) plan
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	plan	planed
2nd-person singular	plan, planest†	planed, planedst†
3rd-person singular	plans, planeth†	planed
plural	plan
subjunctive	plan	planed
imperative	plan	—
participles	planing	planed

^†Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms

• plan ahead
• planner
• plan on
• plan out

 

Translations

to design

• Bulgarian: зами́слям (bg) impf (zamísljam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 設計／设计 (zh) (shèjì)

• Cornish: devisya
• Dutch: ontwerpen (nl)
• Finnish: suunnitella (fi), kaavailla (fi)
• Galician: proxectar (gl), deseñar (gl)
• German: anlegen (de), planen (de)
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (el) (schediázo)
• Hungarian: tervez (hu)
• Indonesian: merancang (id)
• Italian: progettare (it)
• Japanese: 設計する (ja) (せっけいする, sekkei suru), 計画する (ja) (けいかくする, keikaku suru)
• Ottoman Turkish: پرگارلامق (pergerlemek)
• Polish: projektować (pl) impf, zaprojektować (pl) pf
• Portuguese: planear (pt) (Portugal), planejar (pt) (Brazil)
• Russian: разраба́тывать (ru) impf (razrabátyvatʹ), разрабо́тать (ru) pf (razrabótatʹ)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: planowaś impf

• Swedish: projektera (sv)
• Turkish: planlamak (tr)

to create a plan for

• Arabic: خَطَّطَ (ḵaṭṭaṭa)
• Armenian: ծրագրել (hy) (cragrel)
• Assamese: পাং (paṅ)
• Belarusian: планава́ць impf (planavácʹ), спланава́ць pf (splanavácʹ)
• Bulgarian: плани́рам (bg) impf or pf (planíram)
• Catalan: planejar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 計劃／计划 (zh) (jìhuà)

• Cornish: devisya
• Czech: plánovat (cs) impf, naplánovat (cs) pf
• Dutch: ontwerpen (nl), plannen (nl)
• Finnish: suunnitella (fi), kaavailla (fi)
• French: projeter (fr)
• Galician: argallar (gl)
• Georgian: დაგეგმვა (dagegmva)
• German: planen (de)
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (el) (schediázo)
• Hungarian: tervez (hu)
• Indonesian: berencana (id) (intransitive), merencanakan (id) (transitive), merancang (id)
• Interlingua: projectar (ia)
• Italian: progettare (it), pianificare (it), architettare (it), inventare (it)
• Korean: 계획하다 (ko) (gyehoekhada)
• Macedonian: плани́ра impf (planíra), исплани́ра pf (isplaníra)
• Malay: merancang
• Maori: mahere
• Meänkieli: planeerata
• Norman: plianner (Jersey)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: planlegge (no)

• Polish: planować (pl) impf, zaplanować (pl) pf
• Portuguese: planear (pt) (Portugal), planejar (pt) (Brazil)
• Russian: плани́ровать (ru) impf (planírovatʹ), сплани́ровать (ru) pf (splanírovatʹ), заплани́ровать (ru) pf (zaplanírovatʹ)
• Slovak: plánovať impf
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: planowaś impf

• Spanish: planear (es)
• Swedish: planera (sv)
• Thai: วางแผน (th) (waang-pɛ̌ɛn), วางแผนการ
• Ukrainian: планува́ти impf (planuváty), спланува́ти pf (splanuváty)
• Walloon: ehåyî (wa)
• Yiddish: פּלאַנעווען (planeven)

to intend

• Arabic: نَوَى (nawā)

  Moroccan Arabic: بلاني

• Armenian: ծրագրել (hy) (cragrel), պլանավորել (hy) (planavorel)
• Bulgarian: възнамеря́вам (bg) impf (vǎznamerjávam)
• Catalan: planejar (ca)
• Cherokee: ᎤᏰᎸᎭ (uyelvha)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 打算 (zh) (dǎsuàn)

• Czech: plánovat (cs) impf
• Dutch: van plan zijn, plannen (nl)
• Esperanto: plani
• Finnish: suunnitella (fi), aikoa (fi), kaavailla (fi), meinata (fi) (informal)
• French: prévoir (fr), penser (fr), avoir l’intention, planifier (fr)
• Galician: argallar (gl)
• Georgian: განზრახვა (ka) (ganzraxva)
• German: planen (de), vorhaben (de)
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (el) (schediázo)

  Ancient: μέλλω (méllō)

• Hebrew: תִּכְנֵן (tikhnén), ^{(please verify)} יזם (he)
• Hindi: प्रोग्राम बनाना (progrām banānā)
• Hungarian: tervez (hu)
• Icelandic: ætla (is)
• Indonesian: berencana (id), berniat (id)
• Italian: pianificare (it), organizzarsi (it), avere in animo
• Japanese: つもりである (tsumori de aru)
• Korean: 의도하다 (ko) (uidohada), 작정하다 (ko) (jakjeonghada)
• Polish: planować (pl) impf, zaplanować (pl) pf
• Portuguese: pretender (pt), tencionar (pt)
• Russian: плани́ровать (ru) impf (planírovatʹ), сплани́ровать (ru) pf (splanírovatʹ), заплани́ровать (ru) pf (zaplanírovatʹ), собира́ться (ru) impf (sobirátʹsja), собра́ться (ru) pf (sobrátʹsja), намерева́ться (ru) impf (namerevátʹsja)
• Slovene: načrtovati impf
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: planowaś impf

• Spanish: planear (es), pensar (es), pretender (es)
• Swedish: planera (sv)
• Walloon: planeter (wa), awè idêye (wa)

to make a plan

• Finnish: varautua (fi)
• German: planen (de)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} projekti
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} projetar (io)
• Swahili: ^{(please verify)} kupanga
• Volapük: ^{(please verify)} desinön (vo)

Further reading

• “plan”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “plan”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		план
Abjad		پلان

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

plan (definite accusative planı, plural planlar)

1. plan (set of intended actions), scheme

   Amma o ümidini itirmirdi, çünki artıq yeni möhtəşəm plan cızmışdı.

   But s/he didn't lose hope, because s/he had already come up with a new magnificent plan.

   beş illik planını üç il yarıma yerinə yetirmək ― to complete a five year plan in three and a half years

   bütün planlar pozuldu ― all plans were ruined

2. draft, plan, scheme, contrivance, road map
3. layout

   arxa plan ― background

   ön plan ― foreground

   bu gündəm arxa plana keçdi ― this agenda faded into the background

Declension

Declension of plan
	singular	plural
nominative	plan	planlar
definite accusative	planı	planları
dative	plana	planlara
locative	planda	planlarda
ablative	plandan	planlardan
definite genitive	planın	planların

Possessive forms of plan
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	planım	planlarım
sənin (“your”)	planın	planların
onun (“his/her/its”)	planı	planları
bizim (“our”)	planımız	planlarımız
sizin (“your”)	planınız	planlarınız
onların (“their”)	planı or planları	planları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	planımı	planlarımı
sənin (“your”)	planını	planlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	planını	planlarını
bizim (“our”)	planımızı	planlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	planınızı	planlarınızı
onların (“their”)	planını or planlarını	planlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	planıma	planlarıma
sənin (“your”)	planına	planlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	planına	planlarına
bizim (“our”)	planımıza	planlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	planınıza	planlarınıza
onların (“their”)	planına or planlarına	planlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	planımda	planlarımda
sənin (“your”)	planında	planlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	planında	planlarında
bizim (“our”)	planımızda	planlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	planınızda	planlarınızda
onların (“their”)	planında or planlarında	planlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	planımdan	planlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	planından	planlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	planından	planlarından
bizim (“our”)	planımızdan	planlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	planınızdan	planlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	planından or planlarından	planlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	planımın	planlarımın
sənin (“your”)	planının	planlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	planının	planlarının
bizim (“our”)	planımızın	planlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	planınızın	planlarınızın
onların (“their”)	planının or planlarının	planlarının

Derived terms

• planlaşdırmaq

Further reading

• “plan” in Obastan.com.

Danish

Etymology

From German Plan (“project, plan”), from French plan (“plan, map; plane”), from Latin plānus (“level, flat, even”), from plānus (“flat, even, level”), from Proto-Italic *plānos, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-no-s (“flattened”), from *pleh₂- (“flat”).

Noun

plan c (singular definite planen, plural indefinite planer)

1. a plan
2. a level or plane

Declension

Declension of plan

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	plan	planen	planer	planerne
genitive	plans	planens	planers	planernes

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /plɑn/
• Hyphenation: plan
• Rhymes: -ɑn

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French plan, from Middle French plant.

Noun

plan n (plural plannen, diminutive plannetje n)

1. a set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal: plan, plot, scheme
2. a technical drawing
3. a detailed map of a relatively small area, such as a building or settlement

   Synonym: plattegrond

Derived terms

• actieplan
• bouwplan
• lesplan
• planmatig
• planologie
• planologisch
• planoloog
• stadsplan
• van plan zijn

 

Related terms

• plan de campagne
• plannen

 

Descendants

• Negerhollands: plan
• → Caribbean Javanese: plan
• → Indonesian: plan

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

plan

1. inflection of plannen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plɑ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: plans, plant, plants

Etymology 1

From earlier plant, derived from the verb planter, or from Latin planus. Doublet of plant or plain, depending on which etymology is right.

Noun

plan m (plural plans)

1. map (schematic maps of streets, subways, etc.)

   un plan du métro ― a subway map

2. plane (flat surface)

   un plan incliné ― an inclined plane

3. (geometry) plane
4. (film) shot
5. plan

   Synonym: projet

   Quels sont tes plans pour cet été?

   What are your plans for this summer?

6. (slang) hookup (short for plan cul)
7. (slang, dated) a small case inserted in the rectum in order to hide one's valuables from a full-body search

Derived terms

• bâtir des plans sur la comète
• bon plan
• de premier plan
• faire des plans sur la comète
• gros plan
• laisser en plan
• plan A
• plan américain
• plan B
• plan comptable
• plan cul
• plan de cuisson
• plan de faille
• plan de niveau
• plan de travail
• plan de vol
• plan directeur
• plan d’accès
• plan d’action
• plan d’eau
• plan d’épargne
• plan d’épargne
• plan d’urgence
• plan fixe
• plan incliné
• plan rapproché
• plan-séquence
• planification
• planifier
• premier plan
• tirer des plans sur la comète
• tirer son plan

 

Descendants

• → Central Franconian: Plan
  • Hunsrik: Plaan
• → German: Plan
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: plan
• → Luxembourgish: Plang
• → Ottoman Turkish: پلان
  • Turkish: plan
• → Persian: پلان (pelân)
• → Polish: plan
  • → Kashubian: plan

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin plānus. Doublet of plain, which was inherited, and piano.

Adjective

plan (feminine plane, masculine plural plans, feminine plural planes)

1. planar

Derived terms

• lichen plan

Further reading

• “plan”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin plānus.

Adjective

plan

1. flat, level, plane

Related terms

• planc

See also

• plac
• vualîf

Noun

plan m (plural plans)

1. plane
2. plan

German

Etymology

From Middle High German plān, from Latin plānus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plaːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːn

Adjective

plan (strong nominative masculine singular planer, comparative planer, superlative am plansten)

1. (technical) planar, flat, level, smooth

   Synonym: eben

2. (archaic) plain, forthright
   • 1887, Otto Gradenwitz, Die Ungültigkeit obligatorischer Rechtsgeschäfte, Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, page 108:

     [Zur Auslegung von Dig. 16, 1, 8, 2] Ferner muss man wohl sagen, dass eine so plane Wahrheit, wie die, dass im Falle des Betruges keine Intercession vorliege, nicht erst von Marcellus entdeckt worden sein kann, und dass daher nicht erst Marcellus in seinen Noten den Julianus dahin zu corrigiren brauchte; dass die Betrügerin nicht intercedirt hat, das wusste auch Julianus!

     [Regarding the interpretation of Dig. 16, 1, 8, 2] One must say furthermore fittingly that such a plain truth like that in the case of fraud there is no intercession cannot have been discovered only by Marcellus, and that hence Marcellus did not have to correct Julianus in his notes; that the fraudstress has not interceded, this was already known to Julianus!

Declension

Positive forms of plan

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist plan	sie ist plan	es ist plan	sie sind plan
strong declension (without article)	nominative	planer	plane	planes	plane
	genitive	planen	planer	planen	planer
	dative	planem	planer	planem	planen
	accusative	planen	plane	planes	plane
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der plane	die plane	das plane	die planen
	genitive	des planen	der planen	des planen	der planen
	dative	dem planen	der planen	dem planen	den planen
	accusative	den planen	die plane	das plane	die planen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein planer	eine plane	ein planes	(keine) planen
	genitive	eines planen	einer planen	eines planen	(keiner) planen
	dative	einem planen	einer planen	einem planen	(keinen) planen
	accusative	einen planen	eine plane	ein planes	(keine) planen

Comparative forms of plan

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist planer	sie ist planer	es ist planer	sie sind planer
strong declension (without article)	nominative	planerer	planere	planeres	planere
	genitive	planeren	planerer	planeren	planerer
	dative	planerem	planerer	planerem	planeren
	accusative	planeren	planere	planeres	planere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der planere	die planere	das planere	die planeren
	genitive	des planeren	der planeren	des planeren	der planeren
	dative	dem planeren	der planeren	dem planeren	den planeren
	accusative	den planeren	die planere	das planere	die planeren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein planerer	eine planere	ein planeres	(keine) planeren
	genitive	eines planeren	einer planeren	eines planeren	(keiner) planeren
	dative	einem planeren	einer planeren	einem planeren	(keinen) planeren
	accusative	einen planeren	eine planere	ein planeres	(keine) planeren

Superlative forms of plan

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am plansten	sie ist am plansten	es ist am plansten	sie sind am plansten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	planster	planste	planstes	planste
	genitive	plansten	planster	plansten	planster
	dative	planstem	planster	planstem	plansten
	accusative	plansten	planste	planstes	planste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der planste	die planste	das planste	die plansten
	genitive	des plansten	der plansten	des plansten	der plansten
	dative	dem plansten	der plansten	dem plansten	den plansten
	accusative	den plansten	die planste	das planste	die plansten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein planster	eine planste	ein planstes	(keine) plansten
	genitive	eines plansten	einer plansten	eines plansten	(keiner) plansten
	dative	einem plansten	einer plansten	einem plansten	(keinen) plansten
	accusative	einen plansten	eine planste	ein planstes	(keine) plansten

Derived terms

• planlegen
• Pläne

See also

• Plan

Further reading

• “plan” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “plan” in Duden online

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch plan, from French plan (“a ground-plot of a building”), from plan (“flat”), a later form of the vernacular plain, from Latin planus (“flat, plane”). Doublet of pelan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plan/, [ˈplan], [pə̆ˈlan]
• Hyphenation: plan

Noun

plan

1. plan, a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

   Synonym: rencana

Alternative forms

• pelan (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

Further reading

• “plan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish plan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈplan/
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: plan

Noun

plan m inan

1. plan (a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal)

Derived terms

verbs

• planowac impf, zaplanowac pf

 

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “plan”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2], volume 2, page 425

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From German Plan (“project, plan”), from French plan (“plan, map; plane”), from Latin plānus (“level, flat, even”), from plānus (“flat, even, level”), from Proto-Italic *plānos, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-no-s (“flattened”), from *pleh₂- (“flat”).

Noun

plan m (definite singular planen, indefinite plural planer, definite plural planene)

1. a plan
2. a level or plane

Derived terms

• planarbeid
• plankart
• planlegge
• planovergang
• ruteplan

 

References

• “plan” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plaːn/

Etymology 1

From German Plan, from Latin plānum.

Noun

plan n (definite singular planet, indefinite plural plan, definite plural plana)

1. plane
2. level

Derived terms

• planovergang

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

plan m (definite singular planen, indefinite plural planar, definite plural planane)

1. a plan

   Kva er planen din? ― What's your plan?

Derived terms

• planarbeid
• plankart
• ruteplan

 

Etymology 3

From Latin planus.

Adjective

plan (neuter plant, definite singular and plural plane, comparative planare, indefinite superlative planast, definite superlative planaste)

1. plane, flat

References

• “plan” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pla/

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Noun

plan m (plural plans)

1. plan (a drawing showing technical details of a building)
2. plan (a set of intended actions)

Adjective

plan m (feminine singular plana, masculine plural plans, feminine plural planas)

1. flat

   Synonym: planièr

Adverb

plan

1. well

   Antonym: mal

2. very, quite

   Synonym: fòrça

   mercés plan ― thank you very much

Further reading

• Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians‎^[3], 2 edition, →ISBN, page 754.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French plan. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from English plan and German Plan. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈplan/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: plan

Noun

plan m inan

2. plan (a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal) [with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) ‘to do what’]

   Synonym: zamysł

3. plan (series of actions to be performed in a particular order and at a particular time)

   Synonyms: program, rozkład

4. plan (design of a creation)

   Synonyms: szkic, zarys

5. plan (a drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc)
6. plane (place of objects or people in a painting, drawing, theatrical stage or landscape, which is distinguished by the distance from the observer)
7. (film) shot (range of view of the camera, resulting from its distance from the object being filmed)
8. (film) location; set (place where a movie is filmed)
9. all elements of the content or form of a work that have been distinguished as a result of its analysis and contrasted with the others (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

Declension

Declension of plan

	singular	plural
nominative	plan	plany
genitive	planu	planów
dative	planowi	planom
accusative	plan	plany
instrumental	planem	planami
locative	planie	planach
vocative	planie	plany

Derived terms

adjective

• planowy

 

nouns

• mistrz drugiego planu
• mistrzyni drugiego planu
• plan amerykański

 

preposition

• na planie

 

verbs

• planować impf, zaplanować pf

 

verbs

• usunąć na drugi plan pf, usuwać na drugi plan impf
• wysunąć na pierwszy plan pf, wysuwać na pierwszy plan impf
• zejść na dalszy plan pf, schodzić na dalszy plan impf
• związać plany pf, wiązać plany impf

 

Related terms

adjective

• bezplanowy

 

adverb

• bezplanowo

 

nouns

• bezplanowość
• biznesplan

 

Descendants

• → Kashubian: plan

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), plan is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 163 times in essays, 11 times in fiction, and 16 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 292 times, making it the 175th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• plan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• plan in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “plan”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 220

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French plan, from Latin planus.

Noun

plan n (plural planuri)

1. plan
2. (geometry) plane

Declension

	singular			plural
	+ indefinite article	+ definite article		+ indefinite article	+ definite article
nominative/accusative	(un) plan	planul		(niște) planuri	planurile
genitive/dative	(unui) plan	planului		(unor) planuri	planurilor
vocative	planule			planurilor

Adjective

plan m or n (feminine singular plană, masculine plural plani, feminine and neuter plural plane)

1. planar, flat

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	plan		plană		plani	plane
	definite	planul		plana		planii	planele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	plan		plane		plani	plane
	definite	planului		planei		planilor	planelor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Plan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plâːn/
• Rhymes: -âːn

Noun

plȃn m (Cyrillic spelling пла̑н)

1. plan

Declension

Declension of plan

	singular	plural
nominative	plȃn	plȁnovi
genitive	plana	planova
dative	planu	planovima
accusative	plan	planove
vocative	plane	planovi
locative	planu	planovima
instrumental	planom	planovima

Silesian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Plan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈplan/
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: plan

Noun

plan m inan

1. plan (a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal)

Further reading

• plan in silling.org

Spanish

Etymology

From plano.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈplan/ [ˈplãn]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: plan

Noun

plan m (plural planes)

1. plan
2. scheme (systematic plan of future action)

   Synonyms: régimen, sistema

3. intention
4. (colloquial) mood

   Vamos en plan rómantico.

   We’re going in a romantic mood.

Derived terms

• a todo plan
• en plan
• no ser plan
• plan de acción
• plan de estudios
• plan de inversiones
• plan de obras
• plan de pensiones
• plan de servicios
• plan económico
• planazo
• ser de plan y ladera

 

Related terms

• llano
• plana, plano
• planificación
• planificar
• planilla
• plantilla

 

Descendants

• → Basque: plan

Further reading

• “plan”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /plɑːn/
• Rhymes: -ɑːn

Adjective

plan (comparative planare, superlative planast)

1. plane (flat)

   en plan yta

   a flat surface

2. plane (level)

   Kulan rullar, så golvet är inte helt plant

   The marble rolls, so the floor isn't completely level

Declension

Inflection of plan
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	plan	planare	planast
Neuter singular	plant	planare	planast
Plural	plana	planare	planast
Masculine plural3	plane	planare	planast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	plane	planare	planaste
All	plana	planare	planaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

Noun

plan n

1. (mathematics) a plane; flat surface.
2. an airplane / aeroplane

   Synonym: flygplan

3. a plane; level of existence

   astralplan ― astral plane

Declension

Declension of plan

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	plan	plans
	definite	planet	planets
plural	indefinite	plan	plans
	definite	planen	planens

Derived terms

airplane

• amfibieplan
• attackplan
• biplan
• bombplan
• charterplan
• hydroplan
• jaktplan
• jetplan
• jumboplan
• militärplan
• modellplan
• monoplan
• passagerarplan
• privatplan
• propellerplan
• reaplan
• regeringsplan
• räddningsplan
• segelplan
• spaningsplan
• spionplan
• sportplan
• stridsplan
• trafikplan
• transportplan
• triplan
• turbopropplan
• underljudsplan
• överljudsplan

 

flat surface, level

• basplan
• bottenplan
• bärplan
• diagonalplan
• entréplan
• fokalplan
• gatuplan
• grundplan
• horisontalplan
• hyllplan
• koordinatplan
• källarplan
• lodplan
• lokalplan
• lutande plan
• markplan
• personplan
• riksplan
• sluttande plan
• stannplan
• symmetriplan
• tangentplan
• tidsplan
• vertikalplan
• vågplan
• våningsplan

 

Noun

plan c

1. a plan (planned actions)

   Jag har en plan

   I have a plan

2. a delimited, relatively level and flat area (like a delimited plane) (often used for sports, but also more general); a field, a rink, a yard, etc.

   Fotbollsspelarna sprang ut på planen

   The soccer players ran out onto the field

   ishockeyplan

   ice hockey rink (also called a rink)

   gårdsplan

   courtyard

3. a plan (drawing outlining a building, apartment, or the like, often more or less map-like)

Declension

Declension of plan

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	plan	plans
	definite	planen	planens
plural	indefinite	planer	planers
	definite	planerna	planernas

Derived terms

course of action

• affärsplan
• amorteringsplan
• anfallsplan
• angreppsplan
• attentatsplan
• avbetalningsplan
• avvecklingsplan
• behandlingsplan
• bemanningsplan
• beredskapsplan
• besparingsplan
• betalningsplan
• bevarandeplan
• byggnadsplan
• byggplan
• detaljplan
• evakueringsplan
• expansionsplan
• exploateringsplan
• femårsplan
• finansieringsplan
• finansplan
• flerårsplan
• flyktplan
• framtidsplan
• fredsplan
• fusionsplan
• fyraårsplan
• fälttågsplan
• färdplan
• fördelningsplan
• förvaltningsplan
• generalplan
• grundplan
• handlingsplan
• investeringsplan
• jämställdhetsplan
• katastrofplan
• krigsplan
• krisplan
• kursplan
• likabehandlingsplan
• långtidsplan
• läroplan
• nybyggnadsplan
• ombyggnadsplan
• organisationsplan
• perspektivplan
• pilotplan
• planera
• planering
• planlägga
• principplan
• produktionsplan
• projektplan
• rationaliseringsplan
• regeringsplan
• regionplan
• regleringsplan
• rekonstruktionsplan
• reservplan
• resplan
• reträttplan
• räddningsplan
• saneringsplan
• situationsplan
• sparplan
• spelplan
• stadsplan
• stridsplan
• strukturplan
• studieplan
• tidsplan
• timplan
• trafikplan
• treårsplan
• träningsplan
• undervisningsplan
• ursprungsplan
• utbildningsplan
• utbyggnadsplan
• utrymningsplan
• utvecklingsplan
• utvidgningsplan
• verksamhetsplan
• vinstplan
• vårdplan
• vägplan
• åtgärdsplan
• översiktsplan

 

flat area, field of play

• asfaltplan
• asfaltsplan
• basketplan
• bollplan
• bortaplan
• cricketplan
• fotbollsplan
• grusplan
• gräsplan
• gårdsplan
• handbollsplan
• hemmaplan
• hockeyplan
• idrottsplan
• innerplan
• krocketplan
• mittplan
• sandplan
• spelplan
• tennisplan
• träningsplan
• vändplan

 

References

• plan in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• plan in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• plan in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Turkish

Alternative forms

• plân (superseded)

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish پلان (plân), from French plan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p(i)ˈlɑn/, [p(i).ˈlɑn̪]

Noun

plan (definite accusative planı, plural planlar)

1. plan

   plan yapmak ― to plan, to make a plan

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	plan
Definite accusative	planı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	plan	planlar
Definite accusative	planı	planları
Dative	plana	planlara
Locative	planda	planlarda
Ablative	plandan	planlardan
Genitive	planın	planların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular planım planlarım 2nd singular planın planların 3rd singular planı planları 1st plural planımız planlarımız 2nd plural planınız planlarınız 3rd plural planları planları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular planımı planlarımı 2nd singular planını planlarını 3rd singular planını planlarını 1st plural planımızı planlarımızı 2nd plural planınızı planlarınızı 3rd plural planlarını planlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular planıma planlarıma 2nd singular planına planlarına 3rd singular planına planlarına 1st plural planımıza planlarımıza 2nd plural planınıza planlarınıza 3rd plural planlarına planlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular planımda planlarımda 2nd singular planında planlarında 3rd singular planında planlarında 1st plural planımızda planlarımızda 2nd plural planınızda planlarınızda 3rd plural planlarında planlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular planımdan planlarımdan 2nd singular planından planlarından 3rd singular planından planlarından 1st plural planımızdan planlarımızdan 2nd plural planınızdan planlarınızdan 3rd plural planlarından planlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular planımın planlarımın 2nd singular planının planlarının 3rd singular planının planlarının 1st plural planımızın planlarımızın 2nd plural planınızın planlarınızın 3rd plural planlarının planlarının

Derived terms

• planlamak

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “plan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [plan]

Noun

plan (nominative plural plans)

1. plant (botany)

Declension

declension of plan

	singular	plural
nominative	plan	plans
genitive	plana	planas
dative	plane	planes
accusative	plani	planis
vocative 1	o plan!	o plans!
predicative 2	planu	planus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• barberaplan (cf. barber)
• besäplanam
• besäplanan
• besäplanön (transitive verb)
• bimiplanam
• bimiplanan
• bimiplanön
• bimüliplanam
• boragaplan (cf. borag)
• boragaplans
• deplanamatim
• deplanot
• deplanotastafädil
• dämabaplan
• fesülaplan
• frutaplan
• gerumaplan (cf. gerum)
• hiplan
• hiplanik
• jadaplan
• jiplan
• jiplanik
• klätaplan
• klätaplanavul
• komenaplan
• kölümipolaplan
• labiataplan (cf. labiat)
• lebränaplan
• lelaplan (cf. lel)
• ligumaplan (cf. ligum)
• lindigotaplan
• lirisdaplan (cf. lirisd)
• lumaplan
• marädaplan
• maäntaplan
• melaplan
• niminulüdamaplan
• nümfeadaplan (cf. nümfead)
• papilionaplan (cf. papilion)
• planabid
• planagnob
• planam
• planamaläd
• planaskretot
• planavaet
• planavanik
• planavik
• planaviko
• planavön
• planem
• planibrid
• planibridan
• planibridöp
• planibridöp se sid
• planidabridöp
• planihibridan
• planijibridan
• planik
• planil
• planön
• platen, Platanus
• primulaplan (cf. primul)
• pronimplan
• rabarbaplan (cf. rabarb)
• rabarbaplanavul
• ridiplanam
• rosadaplan
• rutadaplan
• rutadaplans
• rüdafloraplan
• safranakrokileplanän
• sanaplan
• sidaplan
• spadigaplan
• säplanam
• säplanamacop
• säplanamajüp
• säplanamalecop
• säplanan
• tedrilaplan
• venenaplan
• vitidadeplanot
• voulaplan

 

See also

• brid
• bridön
• dämabanim
• dämabanäsäk
• futaplant
• hinim
• hinimik
• jinim
• jinimik
• lif
• lifav
• lifavan
• lifavik
• lifaviko
• lifik
• nim
• nimav
• nimem
• nimik
• plant
• plantag, plantago