surplus

English

Etymology

From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsɜːpləs/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• Hyphenation: sur‧plus
• Homophone: surplice (one pronunciation)

Noun

surplus (countable and uncountable, plural surpluses or surplusses)

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
3. (law) The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
4. (law) assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.

Synonyms

• overquantity
• oversum

Antonyms

• lack
• deficit
• shortage

Translations

excess, overplus

• Albanian: tepricë (sq) f
• Arabic: فَائِض (ar) m (fāʔiḍ)
• Azerbaijani: artıq (az)
• Belarusian: лі́шак m (líšak), лі́шніца f (líšnica), лі́шка f (líška), надме́р m (nadmjér)
• Bulgarian: изли́шък (bg) m (izlíšǎk)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 過剩／过剩 (zh) (guòshèng), 多餘／多余 (zh) (duōyú), 盈餘／盈余 (zh) (yíngyú)

• Czech: přebytek (cs) m, nadbytek (cs) m
• Danish: overskud (da) n
• Dutch: overschot (nl) n, surplus (nl) n
• Esperanto: pluso
• Finnish: ylijäämä (fi)
• French: surplus (fr) m
• Georgian: სიჭარბე (sič̣arbe)
• German: Überschuss (de) m, Rest (de) m
• Greek: πλεόνασμα (el) n (pleónasma)
• Hebrew: עודף / עֹדֶף (he) ('ódef)
• Hindi: अतिरिक्त (hi) (atirikt)
• Hungarian: fölösleg (hu), felesleg (hu), többlet (hu), maradék (hu)
• Irish: brabach m, fuílleach m
• Italian: surplus (it) m
• Japanese: 余り (ja) (あまり, amari), 余剰 (ja) (じょうよ, yojō)
• Korean: 잉여(剩餘) (ko) (ing'yeo), 과잉(過剩) (ko) (gwaing), 잔여(殘餘) (ko) (janyeo), 흑자(黑字) (ko) (heukja)
• Macedonian: ви́шок m (víšok)
• Maori: tuhene, tuwhene, hemihemi
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: overskudd (no) n

• Old English: oferēaca m
• Persian: مازاد (fa) (mâzâd)
• Plautdietsch: Äwafluss m
• Polish: nadmiar (pl) m, nadwyżka (pl) f
• Portuguese: excesso (pt) m, excedente (pt) m
• Romanian: surplus (ro) n
• Russian: изли́шек (ru) m (izlíšek), избы́ток (ru) m (izbýtok)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ви́шак m

  Roman: víšak (sh) m

• Slovak: prebytok m, nadbytok m
• Slovene: višek m
• Spanish: sobra (es) f, excedente (es), exceso (es), residuo (es)
• Swedish: överskott (sv) n
• Tagalog: labis (tl)
• Tocharian B: atirek
• Turkish: artık (tr)
• Ukrainian: надли́шок m (nadlýšok), ли́шок m (lýšok), на́дмір m (nádmir)

funds in public treasury greater than ordinary needs

• Armenian: հավելուրդ (hy) (havelurd)
• Catalan: superàvit m
• Finnish: ylijäämä (fi)
• French: excédentaire (fr) m
• Greek: πλεόνασμα (el) n (pleónasma), περίσσευμα (el) n (períssevma)
• Hungarian: többlet (hu), maradvány (hu), maradványkeret
• Japanese: 剰余金 (ja) (じょうよきん, jōyokin)
• Macedonian: суфици́т m (suficít)
• Old English: oferēaca m
• Portuguese: excedente (pt) m, superávit (pt) m
• Russian: профици́т (ru) m (proficít)
• Spanish: superávit (es) m
• Swedish: överskott (sv) n
• Tagalog: labis (tl)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} avanzo (it) m
• Ukrainian: ^{(please verify)} ли́шок m (lýšok), ^{(please verify)} зайвина́ f (zajvyná), ^{(please verify)} ре́шта f (réšta)

Adjective

surplus (not comparable)

1. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.

   surplus population

   surplus words

   The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

     But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.

   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

Translations

being a surplus

• Bulgarian: излишен (bg) (izlišen), добавъчен (bg) (dobavǎčen)
• Finnish: ylijäämä- (fi), ylimääräinen (fi)
• French: excédentaire (fr)
• Greek: πλεονάζων (el) m (pleonázon), παραπανήσιος (el) m (parapanísios)
• Hungarian: felesleges (hu), többlet-
• Macedonian: и́злишен (ízlišen), о́двишен (ódvišen)
• Maori: tuhene
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: overflødig (no)

  Nynorsk: overflødig

• Ottoman Turkish: آرتق (artık)
• Portuguese: excedente (pt) m
• Russian: профицит (ru) m (proficit)
• Sanskrit: अतिरेक (sa) (atireka)
• Spanish: sobrante (es), excedente (es)

Verb

surplus (third-person singular simple present surpluses or surplusses, present participle surplussing or surplusing, simple past and past participle surplussed or surplused)

1. (transitive) To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
   • 1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v, page 618:

     This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]

Derived terms

• agricultural surplus
• capital surplus
• consumer surplus
• producer surplus
• surplus killing
• surplus labour
• surplus to requirements
• surplus value
• trade surplus

 

Anagrams

• upslurs

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch surplus, from Middle French surplus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʏr.plʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sur‧plus

Noun

surplus n (plural surplussen, diminutive surplusje n)

1. a surplus value, notably of money

   Synonym: overschot

   Antonym: tekort

2. a remaining quantity, notably stock excess

   Synonyms: restant, overschot

Derived terms

• surplusgoederen
• surplusvoorraad

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French surplus, from Old French sorplus. Equivalent to sur- +‎ plus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ.ply/

Noun

surplus m (plural surplus)

1. a surplus

Derived terms

• au surplus

 

Descendants

• → Italian: surplus

Further reading

• “surplus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from French surplus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /surˈplus/, /ˈsur.plus/
• Rhymes: -us, -urplus
• Hyphenation: sur‧plùs, sùr‧plus

Noun

surplus m (invariable)

1. a surplus (all senses)

Middle English

Noun

surplus

1. Alternative form of surplys

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French surplus.

Noun

surplus n (plural surplusuri)

1. surplus

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	surplus	surplusul		surplusuri	surplusurile
genitive-dative	surplus	surplusului		surplusuri	surplusurilor
vocative	surplusule			surplusurilor