上

See also: 丄

上 U+4E0A, 上 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0A ← 三 [U+4E09] CJK Unified Ideographs 下 → [U+4E0B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

上 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜一 (YM), four-corner 2110₀, composition ⿱⺊一)

Derived characters

• 仩, 𠮵, 圵, 𰃊, 𰛈, 𨑗, 𪱲, 𬉷, 𧘕, 𫒆, 𰽙, 𥆮, 𬨺, 𭫌, 𤼸, 𰀏, 𰀎
• 让 (Simplified from 讓)
• 𠆳, 𭆽, 䒙, 𡗶, 㫔, 𦊆, 𥬧, 𫝙, 𡒥, 𥬿, 仧, 𠑷, 卡, 𠮳, 𪥤, 尗, 忐, 㫖, 𮌈, 𬂞, 𮛅, 𣑾, 𭾴, 𨓑, 𨕭, 𨨾
• 垰, 峠, 挊, 桛, 裃, 𧧎, 鞐, 𠯡, 𠜔, 𠛯, 𦅐, 𤩋, 𢱵, 𢹟, 𢫜, 㑅, 𤨛, 𥡳

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13
• Dae Jaweon: page 145, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 5, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4E0A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 上
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)	Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script	Ming typeface
Oracle bone script j00024 j00025 j00026 j00027 j00028 j00029 j00030 Bronze inscriptions b00109 b00110 b00111 b00112 b00113 b00114 b00115 b00116 b00117 b00118 b00119 b00120 b00121 b00122 b00123 b00124 b00125 b00126 b00127 b00128 b00129 b00130 b00131 b00132 b00133 Small seal script s00008 Transcribed ancient scripts L35088 L35089 L35090 L35091 L35092 L35093 L35094 L17519 L17520 L17521 L17522 L17523 L17524 L17525 L17526 L17527 L17528 L17529
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (上) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丄	*djaŋʔ, *djaŋs
上	*djaŋʔ, *djaŋs

Ideogram (指事) : a line above another (contrast 下 (xià)) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		上
alternative forms		丄 ancient 𠄞 尚 Min Nan “most”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”) (STEDT).

Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin. Pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻 (xiéyùn), i.e. its pronunciation has been artificially changed to preserve rhymes in classical poetry.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shàng (shang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang⁴

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): shāng

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шон (šon, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang⁵

  (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): sieng⁶

• Gan (Wiktionary): song⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): song

  (Meixian, Guangdong): song⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): son³ / hon³
• Eastern Min (BUC): siông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siāng / thōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zion⁷ / ziên⁷ / siang⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zaon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan⁵ / shan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
    • Wade–Giles: shang⁴
    • Yale: shàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
    • Palladius: шан (šan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ²¹³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: shāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂaŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шон (šon, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soeng⁶
    • Yale: seuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: siang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³²/
  • (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
    • Jyutping++: sieng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃiɛŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: song⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song
    • Hakka Romanization System: song
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: song⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: son³ / hon³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃⁴⁵/, /xɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suɔŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
    • Tâi-lô: siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siong
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /siɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
    • Tâi-lô: siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /siaŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thōng
    • Tâi-lô: thōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tong
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ³³/

Note:

• Xiamen siāng - only used for “most”;
• thōng - only used for “most”.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zion⁷ / ziên⁷ / siang⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiōⁿ / tsiēⁿ / siăng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ¹¹/, /t͡sĩẽ¹¹/, /siaŋ³⁵/

Note:

• zion7/ziên7 - vernacular (“upper part; up; on; above; in”);
• siang6 - literary (“superior; most”).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zaon
    • MiniDict: zaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zɑ̃²³¹/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shan⁵ / shan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂan²¹/, /ʂan⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /san²¹/, /san⁴⁵/

Note:

• shan5 - vernacular;
• shan4 - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyangH

Rime
Character	上
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時亮切
Baxter	dzyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*daŋʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	上
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyangH ›
Old Chinese	/*daŋʔ-s/
English	top, above (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	上
Reading #	2/2
No.	11103
Phonetic component	上
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	尚
Old Chinese	/*djaŋs/

Definitions

上

1. upper part; high position; up

   Antonym: 下 (xià)

2. ^† emperor
3. on; above

   樹上／树上  ―  shùshàng  ―  on the tree

   筆在桌上。／笔在桌上。  ―  Bǐ zài zhuōshàng.  ―  The pen is on the desk.

4. superior; senior; top
5. preceding; previous; last; former

   上一年  ―  shàng yī nián  ―  last year

   上集  ―  shàng jí  ―  last episode

   上世紀／上世纪  ―  shàng shìjì  ―  last century

6. first of several (usually two or three) partitions

   Antonyms: 中, 下 (xià)

   西遊記上／西游记上  ―  Xīyóujì shàng  ―  Journey to the West I

   上古漢語和中古漢語 [MSC, trad.]
   上古汉语和中古汉语 [MSC, simp.]

   shànggǔ hànyǔ hé zhōnggǔ hànyǔ [Pinyin]

   Old Chinese and Middle Chinese

7. within; in; from the standpoint of; according to

   在理論上／在理论上  ―  zài lǐlùn shàng  ―  according to theory

   在這個世界上／在这个世界上  ―  zài zhège shìjiè shàng  ―  in this world

   在英文上沒有相似的說法。 [MSC, trad.]
   在英文上没有相似的说法。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài yīngwén shàng méiyǒu xiàngsì de shuōfǎ. [Pinyin]

   There is no similar way of wording in English.

   • 人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。 [MSC, trad.]
     人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”

     Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlǜ píngděng. [Pinyin]

     All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

8. (Southern Min) most; extremely

   • 衝衝衝　踏遍天下我尚勇 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     冲冲冲　踏遍天下我尚勇 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2000, 伍佰, 衝衝衝

     chhiong chhiong chhiong, ta̍h piàn thian-hā góa siōng ióng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 最 (“most”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		最, 至
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		最
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	最, 頂
	Taiwan	最
	Malaysia	最
	Singapore	最
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	最, 頂
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	最
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	最, 第一
	Wuhan	頂
	Guilin	最
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	頂, 最
	Hefei	頂, 最
Cantonese	Guangzhou	最, 至
	Hong Kong	最, 至
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	最
	Taishan	最, 至
	Yangjiang	至
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	最
	Hepu (Shatian)	最
	Beihai	最
	Beihai (Nankang)	最
	Beihai (Yingpan)	最
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	最
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	最
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	最
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	最
	Singapore (Guangfu)	最
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	最
	Móng Cái	最
Gan	Nanchang	頂
Hakka	Meixian	最, 第一
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	盡, 最
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	最, 盡
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	最
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	盡, 最
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	最
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頭
	Hong Kong	最
Jin	Taiyuan	頂
Northern Min	Jian'ou	頂, 最, 第一
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	第一, 最
	Matsu	第一
Southern Min	Xiamen	第一, 第, 一, 上
	Quanzhou	第一, 第, 上
	Jinjiang	上
	Zhangzhou	第一, 上
	Zhao'an	上
	Dongshan	上
	Taipei	上
	Kaohsiung	上
	Yilan	上
	Changhua (Lukang)	上
	Taichung	上
	Tainan	上
	Hsinchu	上
	Kinmen	上
	Penang (Hokkien)	第一
	Singapore (Hokkien)	上
	Manila (Hokkien)	第, 上
	Chaozhou	上頂, 上
	Shantou	上, 最
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	一
	Jieyang	上, 上頂
	Singapore (Teochew)	上
	Pontianak (Teochew)	上
	Wenchang	最
	Qionghai	最
Wu	Shanghai	最, 最最, 頂
	Suzhou	頂, 最
	Ningbo	頂, 頂頂
	Wenzhou	頂, 最
Xiang	Changsha	頂, 最
	Shuangfeng	頂, 最

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shàng (shang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): song⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sông / sóng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): song¹ / song³

• Jin (Wiktionary): son³ / hon³
• Eastern Min (BUC): siông / chiông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiūⁿ / chiōⁿ / chiǔⁿ / chhiūⁿ / chhiōⁿ / chhiǔⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zion⁶ / ziên⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zaon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan⁵ / shan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
    • Wade–Giles: shang⁴
    • Yale: shàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
    • Palladius: шан (šan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soeng⁵
    • Yale: séuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: siang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: song⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông / sóng
    • Hakka Romanization System: song^ˊ / song^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song¹ / song³
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴/, /soŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: song¹ / song³
    • Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ³¹/

Note:

• sông / song1 - “to go up; to go; to attend” (major reading);
• sóng / song3 - “to fit; to install; to apply”.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: son³ / hon³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃⁴⁵/, /xɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siông / chiông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suɔŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/

Note:

• siông - “to go up” (major reading);
• chiông - only in “to pull up”.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡siũ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /t͡siũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvioi
    • IPA (Tainan): /t͡siɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiǔnn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siũ²²/
    • IPA (Lukang): /t͡siũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sʰiũ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvioi
    • IPA (Tainan): /t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiǔnn
    • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ²²/

Note:

• chiūⁿ/chiōⁿ/chiǔⁿ - “to go up” (major reading);
• chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/chhiǔⁿ - only in “to pull up; to grow; to pile up”.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zion⁶ / ziên⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiŏⁿ / tsiĕⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ³⁵/, /t͡sĩẽ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zaon
    • MiniDict: zaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zɑ̃²³¹/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shan⁵ / shan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂan²¹/, /ʂan⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /san²¹/, /san⁴⁵/

Note:

• shan5 - vernacular;
• shan4 - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyangX

Rime
Character	上
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時掌切
Baxter	dzyangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-daŋʔ/, /*m-daŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	上	上
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyangX ›	‹ dzyangX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-daŋʔ/	/*m-daŋʔ/
English	ascend	to put up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	上
Reading #	1/2
No.	11102
Phonetic component	上
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	上
Old Chinese	/*djaŋʔ/

Definitions

上

1. to go up; to ascend
2. to charge; to advance

   上啊！  ―  Shàng a!  ―  Charge!

3. to go to; to leave for (a place) (usually to a more developed place)

   上省城  ―  shàng xǐngchéng  ―  to go to the province capital

4. to board; to get on

   請上車。／请上车。  ―  Qǐng shàng chē.  ―  Please get into the car.

5. to serve; to present; to offer

   還有兩個菜沒上。 [MSC, trad.]
   还有两个菜没上。 [MSC, simp.]

   Háiyǒu liǎng ge cài méi shàng. [Pinyin]

   There're two dishes that haven't been served.

   上筆和紙來。／上笔和纸来。  ―  Shàng bǐ hé zhǐ lái.  ―  Give me the pen and the paper.

6. to attend (class, work)

   上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work

   她上夜校。  ―  Tā shàng yèxiào.  ―  She goes to night school.

7. to enter (a field); to appear (on stage, TV)
8. to fit; to install; to apply

   上油漆  ―  shàng yóuqī  ―  to apply paint

9. to screw; to tighten, to twist
10. (colloquial) Short for 上線 (“to go online”).
11. to connect to; browse (a website)

    上谷歌  ―  shàng Gǔgē  ―  to go on Google; to google

12. (Cantonese) to go north
    • 2010, “小明上廣州”, performed by 李家仁:

    • 小明上廣州，探親友樂同遊 [Cantonese, trad.]
      小明上广州，探亲友乐同游 [Cantonese, simp.]

      siu² ming⁴ soeng⁵ gwong² zau¹, taam¹ can¹ jau⁵ lok⁶ tung⁴ jau⁴ [Jyutping]

      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

13. (Min) to pull upwards or hang with a rope

    上水 [Hokkien]  ―  chhiūⁿ-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to draw water from a well

14. (Southern Min) to grow and attach

    上青苔 [Hokkien]  ―  chhiūⁿ chheⁿ-thî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to grow moss

15. (Xiamen Hokkien) to pile up

    上貨／上货 [Hokkien]  ―  chhiūⁿ-hòe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to pile up goods

16. (vulgar, usually of a male) to fuck; to have intercourse (usually with a female)
17. Particle following verbs, indicating direction or achievement.

    安排上了。  ―  Ānpái shàng le.  ―  It has been arranged.

18. 7th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ascension" (𝌌)
19. (mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow

Usage notes

• When playing mahjong in Cantonese, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chowing another player's discard

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 上 (“to go up; to ascend”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		上
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	上
	Taiwan	上
	Malaysia	上
	Singapore	上
Cantonese	Guangzhou	上
	Hong Kong	上
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	上
	Singapore (Guangfu)	上
Southern Min	Xiamen	𬦰, 上, 起
	Quanzhou	𬦰, 上, 起
	Jinjiang	𬦰
	Zhangzhou	𬦰, 上, 起
	Tainan	上, 起
	Penang (Hokkien)	起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	起
	Manila (Hokkien)	𬦰
	Chaozhou	起
	Shantou	上, 起
	Singapore (Teochew)	起
	Wenchang	上
	Qionghai	上
	Singapore (Hainanese)	上
Wu	Shanghai	上

Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“to chow (mahjong)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	吃
	Singapore	吃
Cantonese	Hong Kong	上
Southern Min	Taipei	食3 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	食3
Wu	Ningbo	吃
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shǎng (shang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang⁵

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sóng
• Eastern Min (BUC): siōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sióng / siáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siang⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǎng
    • Wade–Giles: shang³
    • Yale: shǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaang
    • Palladius: шан (šan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sang³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soeng⁵
    • Yale: séuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: siang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sóng
    • Hakka Romanization System: song^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song³
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suoŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
    • Tâi-lô: sióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
    • Tâi-lô: siáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zaon
    • MiniDict: zaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyangX

Rime
Character	上
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時掌切
Baxter	dzyangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-daŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	上
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyangX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-daŋʔ/
English	ascend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	上
Reading #	1/2
No.	11102
Phonetic component	上
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	上
Old Chinese	/*djaŋʔ/

Definitions

上

1. (～聲) (Chinese phonetics) rising tone in Chinese phonetics

See also

The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
	平仄 (píngzè)		平 (píng) 平聲／平声 (píngshēng)		仄 (zè) 仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng)
	平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù) 四聲／四声 (sìshēng)		平 (píng) 平聲／平声 (píngshēng)		上 (shǎng) 上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng)		去 (qù) 去聲／去声 (qùshēng)		入 (rù) 入聲／入声 (rùshēng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法／标调法	四角標調法／四角标调法		꜀◌		꜂◌		◌꜄		◌꜆
	[Term?]		◌〪		◌〫		◌〬		◌〭
	傍點／傍点		∅		◌〮		◌〯		∅
	四聲八調／四声八调		陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng)	陽平／阳平 (yángpíng)	陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng)	陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng)	陰去／阴去 (yīnqù)	陽去／阳去 (yángqù)	陰入／阴入 (yīnrù)	陽入／阳入 (yángrù)
	陰／阴 (yīn)	陽／阳 (yáng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ) 標調法／标调法	四角標調法／四角标调法		꜀◌	꜁◌	꜂◌	꜃◌	◌꜄	◌꜅	◌꜆	◌꜇

The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng)	陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 一聲／一声		陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 二聲／二声 (èrshēng)		上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) 三聲／三声 (sānshēng)		去聲／去声 (qùshēng) 四聲／四声 (sìshēng)		輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng)

Compounds

• 一上 (yīshàng)
• 一哄而上
• 一擁而上／一拥而上 (yīyǒng'érshàng)
• 一箭上垛
• 七上八下 (qīshàngbāxià)
• 七上八落
• 七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇 (qīshí wǎ shàng shuāng, bāshí bù xīqí)
• 上丁 (shàngdīng)
• 三上
• 上上 (shàngshàng)
• 上下 (shàngxià)
• 上下一心
• 上上下下 (shàngshàngxiàxià)
• 三上五落
• 上下交困
• 上下其手 (shàngxiàqíshǒu)
• 上下同心
• 上下床 (shàngxiàchuáng)
• 上下文 (shàngxiàwén)
• 上下爭輝／上下争辉
• 上下相安
• 上不來／上不来
• 上不去 (shàngbùqù)
• 上不著天，下不著地／上不着天，下不着地 (shàngbùzháotiān, xiàbùzháodì)
• 上世 (shàngshì)
• 上中農／上中农 (shàngzhōngnóng)
• 上乘 (shàngchéng)
• 上九
• 上了歲數／上了岁数
• 上京 (shàngjīng)
• 上人
• 上人兒／上人儿
• 上代 (shàngdài)
• 上仙
• 上任 (shàngrèn)
• 上位 (shàngwèi)
• 上來／上来 (shànglái)
• 上供 (shànggòng)
• 上僂／上偻 (shànglǚ)
• 上元 (Shàngyuán)
• 上元節／上元节 (Shàngyuánjié)
• 上公
• 上凍／上冻 (shàngdòng)
• 上刀山
• 上分 (shàngfen)
• 上刑 (shàngxíng)
• 上列 (shàngliè)
• 上前 (shàngqián)
• 上剎／上刹
• 上則／上则 (shàngzé)
• 上勁／上劲
• 上升 (shàngshēng)
• 上午 (shàngwǔ)
• 上半 (shàngbàn)
• 上半場／上半场 (shàngbànchǎng)
• 上半年 (shàngbànnián)
• 上半截 (shàngbànjié)
• 上半晌 (shàngbànshǎng)
• 上半時／上半时 (shàngbànshí)
• 上半晌兒／上半晌儿 (shàngbànshǎngr)
• 上卿 (shàngqīng)
• 上去 (shàngqù)
• 上口 (shàngkǒu)
• 上口字 (shàngkǒuzì)
• 上司 (shàngsī)
• 上古 (shànggǔ)
• 上吊 (shàngdiào)
• 上吐下瀉／上吐下泻 (shàngtùxiàxiè)
• 上告 (shànggào)
• 上命 (shàngmìng)
• 上和下睦
• 上呼吸道 (shànghūxīdào)
• 上品 (shàngpǐn)
• 上回 (shànghuí)
• 上國／上国 (shàngguó)
• 上圈套 (shàngquāntào)
• 上坡 (shàngpō)
• 上堂 (shàngtáng)
• 上報／上报 (shàngbào)
• 上場／上场 (shàngchǎng)
• 上場白／上场白
• 上場門兒／上场门儿
• 上塘 (Shàngtáng)
• 上境 (Shàngjìng)
• 上墳／上坟 (shàngfén)
• 上壩／上坝 (Shàngbà)
• 上士 (shàngshì)
• 上壽／上寿 (shàngshòu)
• 上夜 (shàngyè)
• 上大人
• 上天 (shàngtiān)
• 上天入地
• 上天無路，入地無門／上天无路，入地无门 (shàngtiānwúlù, rùdìwúmén)
• 上套 (shàngtào)
• 上好 (shànghǎo)
• 上妝／上妆 (shàngzhuāng)
• 上學／上学 (shàngxué)
• 上官 (shàngguān)
• 上客 (shàngkè)
• 上家 (shàngjiā)
• 上宿
• 上將／上将 (shàngjiàng)
• 上尉 (shàngwèi)
• 上尊
• 上尖兒／上尖儿
• 上屋 (shàngwū)
• 上層／上层 (shàngcéng)
• 上山 (shàngshān)
• 上岸 (shàng'àn)
• 上峰 (shàngfēng)
• 上工 (shànggōng)
• 上巳 (Shàngsì)
• 上己菜
• 上巴河 (Shàngbāhé)
• 上市 (shàngshì)
• 上帝 (Shàngdì)
• 上帝教
• 上席
• 上師／上师
• 上帳／上帐 (shàngzhàng)
• 上年 (shàngnián)
• 上年紀／上年纪 (shàng niánjì)
• 上床 (shàngchuáng)
• 上庠 (shàngxiáng)
• 上座 (shàngzuò)
• 上座兒／上座儿 (shàngzuòr)
• 上庸 (Shàngyōng)
• 上廳行首／上厅行首
• 上弔／上吊 (shàngdiào)
• 上弦 (shàngxián)
• 上彩 (shàngcǎi)
• 上心 (shàngxīn)
• 下情上達／下情上达
• 上情下達／上情下达
• 上愚 (shàngyú)
• 上愬
• 上戈 (Shànggē)
• 上戶／上户 (shànghù)
• 上房 (shàngfáng)
• 上手 (shàngshǒu)
• 上捐 (shàngjuān)
• 上揚／上扬 (shàngyáng)
• 上操 (shàngcāo)
• 上文 (shàngwén)
• 上新世 (Shàngxīnshì)
• 上方 (shàngfāng)
• 上方寶劍／上方宝剑 (shàngfāng bǎojiàn)
• 上日 (shàngrì)
• 上旬 (shàngxún)
• 上昇／上升 (shàngshēng)
• 上映 (shàngyìng)
• 上星期 (shàngxīngqī)
• 上晝／上昼 (shàngzhòu)
• 上智 (shàngzhì)
• 上書／上书 (shàngshū)
• 上書房／上书房
• 上會／上会 (shànghuì)
• 上有天堂，下有蘇杭／上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
• 上有老，下有小
• 上服
• 上朝 (shàngcháo)
• 上朝取應／上朝取应
• 上木驢／上木驴
• 上板兒／上板儿
• 上林苑
• 上林賦／上林赋
• 上桌 (shàngzhuō)
• 上校 (shàngxiào)
• 上梓 (shàngzǐ)
• 上梁 (shàngliáng)
• 上梢
• 上梁不正
• 上梁文
• 上榜 (shàngbǎng)
• 上樁／上桩
• 上樣／上样
• 上樓／上楼 (shànglóu)
• 上檔／上档
• 上檯／上台
• 上次 (shàngcì)
• 上款 (shàngkuǎn)
• 上正
• 上歲數兒／上岁数儿
• 上氣不接下氣／上气不接下气 (shàngqì bù jiē xiàqì)
• 上水
• 上水船
• 上水道 (shàngshuǐdào)
• 上求下告
• 上江 (shàngjiāng)
• 上油 (shàngyóu)
• 上河堤 (Shànghédī)
• 上洲 (Shàngzhōu)
• 上津 (Shàngjīn)
• 上流 (shàngliú)
• 上活 (shànghuó)
• 上洞人
• 上流頭／上流头
• 上浮 (shàngfú)
• 上海 (Shànghǎi)
• 上浣 (shànghuàn)
• 上海公報／上海公报
• 上海灘／上海滩 (Shànghǎitān)
• 上清
• 上清童子 (shàngqīng tóngzǐ)
• 上游 (shàngyóu)
• 上湯／上汤 (shàngtāng)
• 上溯 (shàngsù)
• 上演 (shàngyǎn)
• 上漿／上浆 (shàngjiāng)
• 上漲／上涨 (shàngzhǎng)
• 上漏下溼／上漏下湿
• 上演稅／上演税
• 上火 (shànghuǒ)
• 上灶 (shàngzào)
• 上焦 (shàngjiāo)
• 上燈／上灯 (shàngdēng)
• 上營／上营 (Shàngyíng)
• 上片 (shàngpiàn)
• 上班 (shàngbān)
• 上班兒／上班儿 (shàngbānr)
• 上班族 (shàngbānzú)
• 上田 (Shàngtián)
• 上界 (shàngjiè)
• 上畫／上画 (shànghuà)
• 上當／上当 (shàngdàng)
• 上疏
• 上癮／上瘾 (shàngyǐn)
• 上皇 (shànghuáng)
• 上皮組織／上皮组织 (shàngpí zǔzhī)
• 上相 (shàngxiàng)
• 上真 (shàngzhēn)
• 上眼 (shàngyǎn)
• 上眼皮
• 上眼皮兒／上眼皮儿
• 上知 (shàngzhì)
• 上知天文，下知地理 (shàng zhī tiānwén, xià zhī dìlǐ)
• 上磺 (Shànghuáng)
• 上祭
• 上稅／上税 (shàngshuì)
• 上空 (shàngkōng)
• 上窮碧落下黃泉／上穷碧落下黄泉 (shàng qióng bìluò xià huángquán)
• 上竄下跳／上窜下跳 (shàngcuànxiàtiào)
• 三竿日上
• 上第 (shàngdì)
• 上等 (shàngděng)
• 上策 (shàngcè)
• 上算 (shàngsuàn)
• 上簇
• 上級／上级 (shàngjí)
• 上紙／上纸 (shàngzhǐ)
• 上綁／上绑 (shàngbǎng)
• 上網／上网 (shàngwǎng)
• 上緊／上紧 (shàngjǐn)
• 上線／上线 (shàngxiàn)
• 上線服務／上线服务
• 上聖／上圣 (shàngshèng)
• 上聞／上闻 (shàngwén)
• 上聲／上声
• 上聯／上联 (shànglián)
• 上聯兒／上联儿 (shàngliánr)
• 上肢 (shàngzhī)
• 上腰
• 上腰包
• 上膛 (shàngtáng)
• 上臂 (shàngbì)
• 上臉／上脸 (shàngliǎn)
• 上臕／上膘 (shàngbiāo)
• 上臺／上台 (shàngtái)
• 上舍
• 上色
• 上色徒弟
• 上花臺／上花台
• 上苑 (shàngyuàn)
• 上草 (shàngcǎo)
• 上菜 (shàngcài)
• 上落 (shàngluò)
• 上蒼／上苍 (shàngcāng)
• 上蓋／上盖
• 上藥／上药 (shàngyào)
• 上行 (shàngxíng)
• 上行下效 (shàngxíngxiàxiào)
• 上街 (shàngjiē)
• 上衣 (shàngyī)
• 上表 (shàngbiǎo)
• 上裝／上装 (shàngzhuāng)
• 上西天 (shàng xītiān)
• 上覆 (shàngfù)
• 上計／上计 (shàngjì)
• 上訪／上访 (shàngfǎng)
• 上訴／上诉 (shàngsù)
• 上詳／上详 (shàngxiáng)
• 上課／上课 (shàngkè)
• 上謁／上谒 (shàngyè)
• 上諭／上谕 (shàngyù)
• 上諱下諱／上讳下讳
• 上議院／上议院 (shàngyìyuàn)
• 上貨／上货 (shànghuò)
• 上賊船／上贼船 (shàng zéichuán)
• 上賓／上宾 (shàngbīn)
• 上賬／上账 (shàngzhàng)
• 上足
• 上路 (shànglù)
• 上身 (shàngshēn)
• 上車／上车 (shàngchē)
• 上車灣／上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
• 上軌道／上轨道 (shàng guǐdào)
• 上輩／上辈 (shàngbèi)
• 上輩子／上辈子 (shàngbèizi)
• 上述 (shàngshù)
• 上進／上进 (shàngjìn)
• 上道 (shàngdào)
• 上達／上达 (shàngdá)
• 上選／上选 (shànxuǎn)
• 上邊／上边 (shàngbiān)
• 上邊兒／上边儿
• 上邦 (shàngbāng)
• 上部 (shàngbù)
• 上都 (Shàngdū)
• 上醫／上医 (shàngyī)
• 上釉 (shàngyòu)
• 上鉤／上钩 (shànggōu)
• 上鎖／上锁 (shàngsuǒ)
• 上鏡頭／上镜头 (shàng jìngtóu)
• 上門／上门 (shàngmén)
• 上門女婿／上门女婿
• 上門怪人／上门怪人
• 上閂／上闩 (shàngshuān)
• 上限 (shàngxiàn)
• 上陣／上阵 (shàngzhèn)
• 上陳／上陈 (Shàngchén)
• 上陳橋／上陈桥 (Shàngchénqiáo)
• 上陽宮／上阳宫
• 上面 (shàngmiàn)
• 上面兒／上面儿 (shàngmiànr)
• 上鞋 (shàngxié)
• 上頭／上头
• 上頭上腦／上头上脑
• 上頭上臉／上头上脸
• 上頭鋪臉／上头铺脸
• 上顎／上颚 (shàng'è)
• 上風／上风 (shàngfēng)
• 上館子／上馆子 (shàng guǎnzi)
• 上饒／上饶 (Shàngráo)
• 上首 (shàngshǒu)
• 上首徒弟
• 上香 (shàngxiāng)
• 上馬／上马 (shàngmǎ)
• 上馬杯／上马杯
• 上馬石／上马石
• 上馮／上冯 (Shàngféng)
• 上駟／上驷 (shàngsì)
• 上體／上体 (shàngtǐ)
• 上高坐
• 上鬟 (shànghuán)
• 上黨梆子／上党梆子
• 上龕／上龛 (Shàngkān)
• 不上 (bùshàng)
• 不上不下 (bùshàngbùxià)
• 不上不落
• 不上串
• 不上心
• 不上眼
• 不上算
• 不上臺盤／不上台盘
• 不上蘆葦／不上芦苇
• 不上路
• 不在心上
• 不求上進／不求上进
• 不相上下 (bùxiāngshàngxià)
• 世上 (shìshàng)
• 中上 (zhōngshàng)
• 主上 (zhǔshàng)
• 五星上將／五星上将 (wǔ xīng shàngjiàng)
• 人上人 (rénshàngrén)
• 人間天上／人间天上 (rénjiān tiānshàng)
• 人面上
• 今上 (jīnshàng)
• 以上 (yǐshàng)
• 作壁上觀／作壁上观 (zuòbìshàngguān)
• 供不上
• 俎上肉 (zǔshàngròu)
• 做分上
• 僭上偪下
• 兩上領／两上领
• 公事上人
• 最上
• 分上
• 利上加利
• 利上滾利／利上滚利
• 刮上
• 力圖上進／力图上进
• 力求上進／力求上进
• 力爭上流／力争上流
• 力爭上游／力争上游
• 北上 (běishàng)
• 北上宣言
• 半上落下
• 占上
• 占上游
• 占上風 (zhàn shàngfēng)
• 卯上
• 同上 (tóngshàng)
• 合上
• 向上 (xiàngshàng)
• 吃不上
• 呈上 (chéngshàng)
• 喜上眉梢 (xǐshàngméishāo)
• 因此上
• 地上 (dìshang)
• 地上權／地上权
• 地上物
• 圯上老人
• 地方上
• 坐上客
• 垂白上僂／垂白上偻
• 堂上 (tángshàng)
• 基本上 (jīběnshàng)
• 塞上曲
• 墊上運動／垫上运动
• 壁上泥皮
• 壁上觀／壁上观 (bìshàngguān)
• 夠不上／够不上
• 大清早上
• 大致上 (dàzhìshang)
• 大面兒上／大面儿上
• 大體上／大体上 (dàtǐshang)
• 天上 (tiānshàng)
• 太上 (tàishàng)
• 天上人間／天上人间 (tiānshàng rénjiān)
• 太上忘情
• 天上無雙／天上无双
• 太上皇 (tàishànghuáng)
• 天上石麟
• 太上老君 (Tàishàng Lǎojūn)
• 天上聖母／天上圣母 (Tiānshàng Shèngmǔ)
• 天上麒麟
• 奉上 (fèngshàng)
• 奈上祝下
• 奮發向上／奋发向上
• 安上
• 尊上
• 對上／对上 (duìshàng)
• 對不上號／对不上号
• 小上墳／小上坟
• 小上海 (Xiǎo Shànghǎi)
• 居下訕上／居下讪上
• 屋上建瓴 (wūshàngjiànlíng)
• 屋上架屋
• 屋上瞻烏／屋上瞻乌
• 山上 (Shānshàng)
• 山陰道上／山阴道上
• 差不上下
• 巴高望上
• 席上
• 席上之珍
• 帶上一筆／带上一笔
• 帶上門／带上门
• 幕上
• 幕上燕巢
• 平上去入
• 幹上了／干上了
• 床上功夫
• 床上安床 (chuángshàng'ānchuáng)
• 床上施床 (chuángshàngshīchuáng)
• 府上 (fǔshàng)
• 庭上
• 座上客 (zuòshàngkè)
• 引鬼上門／引鬼上门
• 彈性上班／弹性上班
• 形上學／形上学 (xíngshàngxué)
• 形而上 (xíng'érshàng)
• 形而上學／形而上学 (xíng'érshàngxué)
• 後來居上／后来居上 (hòuláijūshàng)
• 後手不上／后手不上
• 徒不上墓
• 徹上徹下／彻上彻下
• 心上 (xīnshàng)
• 心上人 (xīnshàngrén)
• 忙上加忙
• 忐上忑下
• 忽上忽下
• 怯上
• 愛上／爱上 (àishàng)
• 成千上萬／成千上万 (chéngqiānshàngwàn)
• 扒上
• 打上來／打上来
• 把上了
• 承上啟下／承上启下 (chéngshàngqǐxià)
• 找上門／找上门
• 扶上馬／扶上马
• 扶搖直上／扶摇直上 (fúyáozhíshàng)
• 拉上補下／拉上补下
• 抬到天上
• 拔宅上昇／拔宅上升
• 披掛上陣／披挂上阵
• 拾級而上／拾级而上 (shèjí'érshàng)
• 掌上之珠
• 掠上心頭／掠上心头
• 掌上明珠 (zhǎngshàngmíngzhū)
• 掌上河山
• 掌上珠
• 掌上舞
• 掌上觀紋／掌上观纹
• 掛上鉤／挂上钩
• 搶上／抢上
• 損上益下／损上益下
• 搭不上線／搭不上线
• 撲上／扑上
• 擱在心上／搁在心上
• 擺在心上／摆在心上
• 攻心為上／攻心为上
• 放在心上
• 敝上
• 敬上
• 敬上愛下／敬上爱下
• 數不上／数不上
• 旁行斜上
• 日上三竿 (rìshàngsāngān)
• 早上 (zǎoshang)
• 春上 (chūnshang)
• 晚上 (wǎnshang)
• 更上一層樓／更上一层楼 (gèngshàngyīcénglóu)
• 更上層樓／更上层楼
• 朗朗上口 (lǎnglǎngshàngkǒu)
• 木上座
• 末上
• 板上釘釘／板上钉钉 (bǎnshàngdìngdīng)
• 桑間濮上／桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
• 桌面兒上／桌面儿上
• 梁上君子 (liángshàngjūnzǐ)
• 桿兒上的／杆儿上的
• 梁獄上書／梁狱上书
• 楓林上城／枫林上城 (Fēnglínshàngchéng)
• 榻上
• 槓上了／杠上了 (gàngshàngle)
• 榜上無名／榜上无名
• 槓上開花／杠上开花 (gàngshàng kāihuā)
• 樓上／楼上 (lóushàng)
• 樹上開花／树上开花 (shùshàngkāihuā)
• 櫃上／柜上
• 檯面上／台面上
• 欺上罔下
• 欺主罔上
• 欺君罔上 (qījūnwǎngshàng)
• 欺心誑上／欺心诳上
• 殿上虎
• 比不上 (bǐbùshàng)
• 氈上拖毛／毡上拖毛
• 氣頭上／气头上 (qìtóushàng)
• 水上人家
• 水上居民
• 水上活動／水上活动
• 水上漚／水上沤
• 水上芭蕾
• 水上警察 (shuǐshàng jǐngchá)
• 水上運動／水上运动
• 水上飛機／水上飞机 (shuǐshàng fēijī)
• 池上 (Chíshàng)
• 沒上下／没上下
• 沒上沒下／没上没下
• 洑上水
• 派上用場／派上用场 (pàishàngyòngchǎng)
• 海上 (hǎishàng)
• 海上保險／海上保险
• 海上偵察／海上侦察
• 海上大學／海上大学
• 海上封鎖／海上封锁
• 浮上心頭／浮上心头
• 海上採油／海上采油
• 海上救難／海上救难
• 海上權／海上权
• 浮上水
• 海上法
• 海上滲透／海上渗透
• 海上巡邏／海上巡逻
• 海上都市
• 滬上／沪上
• 濮上 (púshàng)
• 濮上之音 (púshàngzhīyīn)
• 濮上桑間／濮上桑间
• 火上加油 (huǒshàngjiāyóu)
• 火上弄冰
• 火上添油
• 火上澆油／火上浇油 (huǒshàngjiāoyóu)
• 火頭上／火头上 (huǒtóushàng)
• 灶上的
• 灶上騷除／灶上骚除
• 炎上 (yánshàng)
• 炕上地下
• 炕上安鍋／炕上安锅
• 無上／无上 (wúshàng)
• 蒸蒸日上 (zhēngzhēngrìshàng)
• 燕巢幕上
• 爆炸上限
• 爬上爬下
• 牆上泥皮／墙上泥皮
• 牆上草／墙上草
• 牆頭馬上／墙头马上
• 犯上 (fànshàng)
• 犯上作亂／犯上作乱
• 犯不上 (fànbùshàng)
• 犯得上 (fàndeshàng)
• 犯的上
• 玄天上帝 (Xuántiān Shàngdì)
• 玉皇上帝 (Yùhuáng Shàngdì)
• 琅琅上口
• 甚囂塵上／甚嚣尘上 (shènxiāochénshàng)
• 界上
• 登上甲
• 發憤向上／发愤向上
• 皇上 (huángshang)
• 益上損下／益上损下
• 直上
• 直上直下
• 直上青雲／直上青云
• 看上 (kànshàng)
• 看上了
• 看不上
• 看得上眼
• 瞞上欺下／瞒上欺下
• 瞧上
• 瞧不上
• 瞧不上眼
• 矢在弦上
• 破上
• 砧上之肉
• 祖上 (zǔshàng)
• 禮上／礼上
• 稍占上風
• 稱得上／称得上 (chēngdeshàng)
• 節上生枝／节上生枝
• 節骨眼上／节骨眼上
• 算上
• 箭在弦上
• 紙上作業／纸上作业
• 紙上封鎖／纸上封锁
• 紙上空談／纸上空谈
• 紙上談兵／纸上谈兵 (zhǐshàngtánbīng)
• 紙上電影／纸上电影
• 綿上／绵上
• 網上活動／网上活动
• 網上購物／网上购物
• 網上雜誌／网上杂志
• 線上交友／线上交友
• 線上交易／线上交易
• 線上價目／线上价目
• 線上出版／线上出版
• 線上叩應／线上叩应
• 線上導覽／线上导览
• 線上投票／线上投票
• 線上掛號／线上挂号
• 線上新聞／线上新闻
• 線上書屋／线上书屋
• 線上書店／线上书店
• 線上期刊／线上期刊
• 線上查詢／线上查询
• 線上求助／线上求助
• 線上牙醫／线上牙医
• 線上百貨／线上百货
• 線上聊天／线上聊天
• 線上訂位／线上订位
• 線上訂書／线上订书
• 線上訂購／线上订购
• 線上訂閱／线上订阅
• 線上評鑑／线上评鉴
• 線上論壇／线上论坛
• 線上諮詢／线上谘询
• 線上購物／线上购物
• 線上郵購／线上邮购
• 罔上虐下
• 罪上加罪
• 羲皇上人
• 聖上／圣上 (shèngshàng)
• 肝火上炎
• 肩上肩下
• 股掌之上 (gǔ zhǎng zhī shàng)
• 腎上腺／肾上腺 (shènshàngxiàn)
• 腎上腺素／肾上腺素 (shènshàngxiànsù)
• 腦上腺／脑上腺
• 臉上／脸上
• 臉上無光／脸上无光
• 臉上貼金／脸上贴金
• 至上 (zhìshàng)
• 至高無上／至高无上 (zhìgāowúshàng)
• 茶上
• 草上霜
• 草上飛／草上飞
• 華燈初上／华灯初上
• 蜂擁而上／蜂拥而上 (fēngyǒng'érshàng)
• 螞蟻上樹／蚂蚁上树 (mǎyǐshàngshù)
• 街上 (jiēshang)
• 表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
• 裊裊上升／袅袅上升
• 親上作親／亲上作亲
• 親上加親／亲上加亲
• 親上成親／亲上成亲
• 計上心來／计上心来 (jìshàngxīnlái)
• 計上心頭／计上心头
• 討分上／讨分上
• 誑上／诳上
• 說不上／说不上 (shuōbushàng)
• 說不上來／说不上来
• 說分上／说分上
• 諂上抑下／谄上抑下
• 談不上／谈不上 (tánbúshàng)
• 謹上／谨上 (jǐnshàng)
• 豎柱上梁
• 豐上銳下／丰上锐下
• 貴上／贵上
• 買上告下／买上告下
• 走為上策／走为上策 (zǒuwéishàngcè)
• 走馬上任／走马上任 (zǒumǎshàngrèn)
• 趕上／赶上 (gǎnshàng)
• 趕不上／赶不上 (gǎnbùshàng)
• 趕不上趟／赶不上趟
• 趕得上／赶得上
• 跟上 (gēnshàng)
• 路上 (lùshàng)
• 跟不上 (gēnbùshàng)
• 躍然紙上／跃然纸上 (yuèránzhǐshàng)
• 身上 (shēnshàng)
• 輪番上陣／轮番上阵
• 輟耕壟上／辍耕垄上
• 近上
• 迎頭趕上／迎头赶上 (yíngtóu gǎnshàng)
• 送上天
• 送上門／送上门 (sòngshàngmén)
• 通身上下
• 遇上 (yùshàng)
• 道上
• 逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
• 邁上／迈上
• 配上
• 配不上 (pèibushàng)
• 錯上墳／错上坟
• 錦上添花／锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
• 長上／长上 (zhǎngshàng)
• 長安道上／长安道上
• 門上／门上
• 門上人／门上人
• 門上楣／门上楣
• 門上的／门上的
• 閉上／闭上 (bìshang)
• 闔上／阖上
• 阪上走丸 (bǎnshàngzǒuwán)
• 附上罔下
• 附下罔上
• 陌上桑
• 陣面上／阵面上
• 陵上虐下
• 難上加難／难上加难 (nánshàngjiānán)
• 難於上天／难于上天
• 雪上加霜 (xuěshàngjiāshuāng)
• 霸上
• 青雲直上／青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
• 青龍頭上／青龙头上
• 非常上訴／非常上诉
• 面上
• 面子上
• 韝上鷹／𫖕上鹰
• 頂上／顶上
• 頂上功夫／顶上功夫
• 頂頭上司／顶头上司
• 頭上安頭／头上安头
• 頭上抹下／头上抹下
• 頭上末下／头上末下
• 頰上添毫／颊上添毫
• 頭直上／头直上
• 頭髮上指／头发上指
• 風行水上／风行水上
• 馬上／马上 (mǎshàng)
• 馬上吹／马上吹
• 馬上緣／马上缘
• 駕上人／驾上人
• 騎上老虎／骑上老虎
• 高上
• 高攀不上
• 高高在上 (gāogāozàishàng)
• 髮上指冠／发上指冠
• 髮上衝冠／发上冲冠
• 鬼酉上車／鬼酉上车
• 鴨子上架／鸭子上架

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (上):

• → Japanese: 上(じょう) (jō)
• → Korean: 상(上) (sang)
• → Vietnamese: thượng (上, “upper”), thướng (上, “to go up”)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		上

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shàng (shang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saang³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
    • Wade–Giles: shang⁴
    • Yale: shàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
    • Palladius: шан (šan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saang³
    • Yale: saang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saang³
    • Guangdong Romanization: sang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːŋ³³/

Definitions

上

1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note do (1).
2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note do (1).

Derived terms

• 𪛚 (shàng)
• 仩 (shàng)
• 𱝫 (shàng)

 

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 上 – see 緔 (“to sole a shoe”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 緔).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 上 – see 鞝. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鞝).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Further reading

• “Entry #166”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

上

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

1. above, high, up
2. earlier
3. excellent, top
4. certain time or place in the past
5. limit
6. climb, rise
7. offer
8. go to the center
9. raise, bring up
10. one of the four tones of Middle Chinese
11. short for 上野国 (Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō ^†)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Sō-on: しゃん (shan)^{←しやん (syan, historical)}
• Kun: うえ (ue, 上, Jōyō)^{←うへ (ufe, 上, historical)}、うわ (uwa, 上, Jōyō ^†)^{←うは (ufa, 上, historical)}、かみ (kami, 上, Jōyō)、あげる (ageru, 上げる, Jōyō)、あがる (agaru, 上がる, Jōyō)、あがり (agari, 上がり)、のぼる (noboru, 上る, Jōyō)、のぼり (nobori, 上り)、のぼせる (noboseru, 上せる, Jōyō)、のぼす (nobosu, 上す, Jōyō)、たてまつる (tatematsuru, 上る)、ほとり (hotori, 上)
• Nanori: あおい (aoi)、あげ (age)、い (i)、か (ka)、かき (kaki)、かず (kazu)、かん (kan)、こう (kō)、のぼり (nobori)、ほつ (hotsu)

Compounds

Compounds

• 上上(じょうじょう), 上々(じょうじょう) (jōjō)
• 上位(じょうい) (jōi)
• 上映(じょうえい) (jōei)
• 上演(じょうえん) (jōen)
• 上官(じょうかん) (jōkan)
• 上機(じょうき) (jōki)
• 上級(じょうきゅう) (jōkyū)
• 上京(じょうきょう) (jōkyō)
• 上空(じょうくう) (jōkū)
• 上下(じょうげ) (jōge)
• 上戸(じょうご) (jōgo)
• 上告(じょうこく) (jōkoku)
• 上司(じょうし) (jōshi)
• 上州(じょうしゅう) (Jōshū)
• 上旬(じょうじゅん) (jōjun)
• 上声(じょうしょう) (jōshō)
• 上昇(じょうしょう) (jōshō)
• 上場(じょうじょう) (jōjō)
• 上手(じょうず) (jōzu)
• 上声(じょうせい) (jōsei)
• 上船(じょうせん) (jōsen)
• 上層(じょうそう) (jōsō)
• 上奏(じょうそう) (jōsō)
• 上代(じょうだい) (jōdai)
• 上(じょう)達(たつ) (jōtatsu)
• 上段(じょうだん) (jōdan)
• 上等(じょうとう) (jōtō)
• 上人(しょうにん) (shōnin)
• 上納(じょうのう) (jōnō)
• 上品(じょうひん) (jōhin)
• 上部(じょうぶ) (jōbu)
• 上陸(じょうりく) (jōriku)
• 上流(じょうりゅう) (jōryū)
• 上林(じょうりん) (jōrin)
• 上石(あげいし) (ageishi)
• 平上(ひょうじょう)去入(きょにゅう) (hyōjōkyonyū)
• 上手(うま)い (umai)
• 上(シャン)海(ハイ) (Shanhai, “Shanghai”)
• 逆上(のぼ)せる (noboseru)
• 上枝(ほつえ) (hotsue)
• 嶺(リン)上(シャン)開(カイ)花(ホー) (rinshan kaihō)
• 嶺(リン)上(シャン)牌(パイ) (rinshanpai)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
上
うえ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.

Unbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) うえ [ùé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟e̞]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

上(うえ) • (ue) ^{←うへ (ufe)?}

1. the above

   『上(うえ)を向(む)いて歩(ある)こう』

   “Ue o Muite Arukō”

   Walk Looking Up

2. the top (position or direction)

   箱(はこ)の上(うえ)

   hako no ue

   top of the box

3. the surface of

   水(みず)の上(うえ)に浮(う)かぶ

   mizu no ue ni ukabu

   to float upon the water

4. superior in skill, age, level, etc.

   一(ひと)つ上(うえ)の先輩(せんぱい)

   hitotsu ue no senpai

   senior who is one year older

   二(ふた)回(まわ)り上(うえ)の上司(じょうし)

   futamawari-ue no jōshi

   boss who is twenty-four years older (than someone else)

Antonyms

• 下(した) (shita)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 上上(うえうえ), 上々(うえうえ) (ueue)
• 上方(うえざま) (ue-zama)
• 上杉(うえすぎ) (Uesugi)
• 上(うえ)野(の) (Ueno)
• 上(うえ)屋(や) (ueya)

Idioms

Idioms

• 上(うえ)に立(た)つ (ue ni tatsu)
• 上(うえ)には上(うえ)がある (ue ni wa ue ga aru)
• 上(うえ)見(み)ぬ鷲(わし) (ue minu washi)
• 上(うえ)を行(い)く (ue o iku)
• 上(うえ)を下(した)へ (ue o shita e)
• 上(うえ)を見(み)る (ue o miru)

Suffix

上(うえ) • (-ue) ^{←うへ (-ufe)?}

1. suffix addressing to a superior

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 兄上(あにうえ) (ani-ue)
• 姉上(あねうえ) (ane-ue)
• 父上(ちちうえ) (chichi-ue)
• 母上(ははうえ) (haha-ue)

Proper noun

上(うえ) • (Ue) ^{←うへ (Ufe)?}

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
上
うわ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/

From Old Japanese. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟β̞a̠]

Noun

上(うわ) • (uwa) ^{←うは (ufa)?}

1. upper, over

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 上上(うわうわ), 浮浮(うわうわ) (uwauwa)
• 上顎(うわあご) (uwaago)
• 上臼(うわうす) (uwausu)
• 上(うわ)絵(え) (uwae)
• 上(うわ)枝(えだ) (uwaeda)
• 上襟(うわえり), 上衿(うわえり), 上領(うわえり) (uwaeri)
• 上帯(うわおび) (uwaobi)
• 上掛(うわがけ), 上(うわ)掛(が)け (uwagake)
• 浮気(うわき) (uwaki)
• 上(うわ)着(ぎ) (uwagi)
• 上(うわ)衣(ぎ) (uwagi)
• 噂(うわさ) (uwasa)
• 上棚(うわだな), 上枻(うわだな) (uwadana)
• 上(うわ)手(て) (uwate)
• 上(うわ)剥(は)げ (uwahage)
• 後妻(うわなり) (uwanari)
• 上(うわ)荷(に) (uwani)
• 上(うわ)値(ね) (uwane)
• 上(うわ)歯(ば) (uwaba)
• 上履(うわばき), 上(うわ)履(ば)き (uwabaki)
• 上張(うわばり), 上(うわ)張(ば)り (uwabari)
• 上(うわ)翳(ひ) (uwahi)
• 上(うわ)辺(べ) (uwabe)
• 上(うわ)目(め) (uwame)
• 上(うわ)屋(や) (uwaya)

Proper noun

上(うわ) • (Uwa) ^{←うは (Ufa)?}

1. a place name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
上
へ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
上
え Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨upe₂⟩ → ⟨pe₂⟩ → */pe/ → /fe/ → /he/

Short-form of or shift from ue, ancient upe (see above). Realized as -e in some compounds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [he̞]

• IPA^(key): [e̞]

Usage notes

The senses are the same with ue.

Derived terms

• 尾上(おのえ) (onoe)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
上
かみ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨kami₁⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/

From Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Distinct from 神 (⟨kami₂⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かみ [káꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠mʲi]

Noun

上(かみ) • (kami) 

1. the start
2. a high place; the top
3. one with higher rank

Antonyms

• 下(しも) (shimo)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 上(かみ)する (kamisuru)
• 守(かみ) (kami)
• 上(かみ)泉(いずみ) (kamīzumi)
• 上(かみ)一段(いちだん)活用(かつよう) (kami ichidan katsuyō)
• 上(かみ)一人(いちにん) (kami ichinin), 上(かみ)御(ご)一人(いちにん) (kami go-ichinin)
• 上(かみ)女(おんな) (kami-onna)
• 上(かみ)掛(がかり) (kami-gakari)
• 上方(かみがた) (kamigata)
• 上(かみ)御所(ごしょ) (kami gosho)
• 上様(かみざま), 上方(かみざま) (kami-zama)
• 上下(かみしも), 裃(かみしも) (kamishimo)
• 上(かみつ)毛野(けの) (Kamitsukeno), 上野(こうずけ) (Kōzuke)
• 上(かみつ)総(ふさ) (Kamitsufusa), 上総(かずさ) (Kazusa)
• 上(かみ)つ世(よ), 上(かみ)つ代(よ) (kami tsu yo)
• 上(かみ)問(どい)屋(や) (kami-doiya)
• 上(かみ)長押(なげし) (kami nageshi)
• 上(かみ)二段(にだん)活用(かつよう) (kami nidan katsuyō)
• 上(かみ)の戸(と) (kami no to)
• 上(かみ)の間(ま) (kami no ma)
• 上(かみ)の町(まち) (kami no machi)
• 上機(かみはた) (kamihata)
• 上(かみ)辺(べ) (kamibe)
• 上(かみ)無(む) (kami mu)
• 上(かみ)無調(むちょう) (kami muchō)
• 石(いその)上(かみ) (Isonokami)
• 氏(うじ)の上(かみ) (Uji no Kami)
• 兄(このかみ), 首(このかみ), 氏上(このかみ) (konokami)

Idioms

Idioms

• 上(かみ)漏(も)り下(しも)潤(うるお)う (kami mori shimo uruou)
• 上(かみ)を学(まな)ぶ下(しも) (kami o manabu shimo)

Proper noun

上(かみ) • (Kami) 

1. a place name
2. a surname

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
上
かん Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/

Contraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami₁⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

上(かん) • (kan) 

1. (obsolete) Same as かみ (kami) above

Usage notes

Generally only found when followed by the genitive / possessive particles の (no) or つ (tsu).

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 上達(かんだち)部(べ) (kandachibe), 上達(かんだち)部(め) (kandachime)
• 上(かん)林(ばやし) (Kanbayashi)
• 上牧(かんまき) (Kanmaki)

Proper noun

上(かん) • (Kan) 

1. a place name

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
上
じょう Grade: 1
goon

/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/

From Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょー [jóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ː]

• Pitch accent for suffix unknown.

Noun

上(じょう) • (jō) ^{←じやう (zyau)?}

1. the first volume in a two- or three-volume set

   Antonym: 下 (ge)

Suffix

上(じょう) • (-jō) ^{←じやう (-zyau)?}

1. from the standpoint of...

   理(り)論(ろん)上(じょう)はありえないこと

   riron-jō wa arienai koto

   something that is impossible according to theory

   法(ほう)律(りつ)上(じょう)の争(そう)訟(しょう)

   hōritsu-jō no sōshō

   legal dispute

2. aboard (a plane, ship, etc.)
3. above, in, on

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鞍上(あんじょう) (anjō)
• 海上(かいじょう) (kaijō)
• 階上(かいじょう) (kaijō)
• 机上(きじょう) (kijō)
• 機上(きじょう) (kijō)
• 計上(けいじょう) (keijō)
• 啓上(けいじょう) (keijō)
• 最上(さいじょう) (saijō)
• 參上(さんじょう) (sanjō)
• 至上(しじょう) (shijō)
• 紙上(しじょう) (shijō)
• 史上(しじょう) (shijō)
• 誌上(しじょう) (shijō)
• 主上(しゅじょう) (shujō)
• 水上(すいじょう) (suijō)
• 線上(せんじょう) (senjō)
• 船上(せんじょう) (senjō)
• 壇上(だんじょう) (danjō)
• 地上(ちじょう) (chijō)
• 天上(てんじょう) (tenjō)
• 殿上(てんじょう) (tenjō)
• 馬上(ばじょう) (bajō)
• 盤上(ばんじょう) (banjō)
• 陸上(りくじょう) (rikujō)

Proper noun

上(じょう) • (Jō) ^{←じやう (Zyau)?}

1. a surname

Korean

Hanja

上 (eumhun 윗 상 (wit sang))

1. hanja form^? of 상 (“up; top; first; best”)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 향상 (向上, hyangsang)
• 이상 (以上, isang)
• 정상 (頂上, jeongsang)
• 세상 (世上, sesang)
• 황상 (皇上, hwangsang)

Vietnamese

Han character

上: Hán Việt readings: thượng (時(thì)亮(lượng)切(thiết))
上: Nôm readings: thượng

1. chữ Hán form of thượng (“upper; higher; top”).

Compounds

Derived terms

• 皇上 (hoàng thượng)
• 上游 (thượng du)
• 上頂 (thượng đỉnh)
• 上行 (thượng hạng)
• 上流 (thượng lưu)
• 上議士 (thượng nghị sĩ)
• 上議院 (thượng nghị viện)
• 上士 (thượng sĩ)
• 上佐 (thượng tá)
• 上層 (thượng tầng)
• 上將 (thượng tướng)
• 上尉 (thượng úy/thượng uý)
• 上院 (thượng viện)