From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+5C4E, 屎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C4E

[U+5C4D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C4F]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 44, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
  • Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5C4E

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic (OC *hli, body) + semantic (rice). The component was originally three (, representing , as seen in ), four (, representing ) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the ("body") component interchangeable with ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the component is mistaken for ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the component became corrupted[1] into .

Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from ("grass") and ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the variant containing , where the tail portion of the component is mistakenly written as . During the Zhou dynasty, was often used as a phonetic borrowing for (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for consisted of with an additional (modern radical form ) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.

Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged:

  • The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
  • Some variants added another radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
  • Existing variants containing the component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
  • The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
  • The tail portion of -based variants became corrupted into , creating 𡲑;
  • The component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
  • Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into , creating .

All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while remained the dominant character variant.

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (excrement).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • sái - vernacular;
  • sí/sír/sú - literary.
Note: 5u - see .

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (26)
Final () (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong
/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li
/ɕiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ syijX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[qʰ]ijʔ/
English excrement

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 11399
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hliʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. excrement; poop (Classifier: m;  c;  c;  mn)
  2. secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
  3. residue; waste; debris
  4. (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
  5. (vulgar) useless thing
  6. (Cantonese) shitty; bad; poor; of inferior quality
    英文 [Cantonese, trad.]
    英文 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 di1 jing1 man4-2 gong2 dak1 hou2 si2. [Jyutping]
    I speak shitty English.
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (excrement):

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

This is a 破讀破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.

Pronunciation

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (32)
Final () (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter xjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/hi/
Shao
Rongfen
/xjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hi/
Li
Rong
/xi/
Wang
Li
/xi/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/xi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hei1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ xjij ›
Old
Chinese
/*[qʰ]ij/ (dialect: *qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
English moan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 11401
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hri/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 Li Shoukui (李守奎) (2015 April) ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻[1], volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, pages 154-162

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. excrement, feces, poop

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: (shi)
  • Kan-on: (shi)
  • Kun: くそ (kuso, )ばば (baba, )

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
くそ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

⟨kuso1/kuso/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, stinky, smelly), 腐る (kusaru, to rot, to become stinky).[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(くそ) (kuso

  1. (colloquial) feces, excrement
Derived terms
[edit]
Idioms
[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

(くそ) (kuso

  1. (swear word) shit
Usage notes
[edit]

This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix

[edit]

(くそ) (kuso-

  1. A derogatory prefix.
    (くそ)(じじ)
    kusojijī
    crappy old man

Suffix

[edit]

(くそ) (-kuso

  1. A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
    下手(へた)(くそ)
    hetakuso
    crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
    襤褸(ぼろ)(くそ)
    borokuso
    broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
ばば
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(ばば) (baba

  1. (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
  2. (children's word): something unclean
Idioms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[2]
  2. 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun (ttong si))

  1. hanja form? of (feces, excrement)

(eumhun 끙끙거릴 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, xái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.