屎
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]屎 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition ⿸尸米)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
- Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5C4E
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 屎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 屎 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 屎 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted[1] into 米.
Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.
Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged:
- The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
- Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
- Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
- The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
- The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑;
- The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
- Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩.
All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant.
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): si3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si2
- Northern Min (KCR): sǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sāi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5sy; 5u / 3sy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
- Wade–Giles: shih3
- Yale: shř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si2
- Yale: sí
- Cantonese Pinyin: si2
- Guangdong Romanization: xi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si2
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: si3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
- Tâi-lô: sí
- Phofsit Daibuun: sie
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
- Tâi-lô: sír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
- Tâi-lô: sú
- Phofsit Daibuun: suo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /su⁵³/
- sái - vernacular;
- sí/sír/sú - literary.
- Middle Chinese: syijX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ijʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hliʔ/
Definitions
[edit]屎
- excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤/笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn)
- secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
- residue; waste; debris
- (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
- (vulgar) useless thing
- (Cantonese) shitty; bad; poor; of inferior quality
Synonyms
[edit]- (excrement):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 糞, 屎, 糞便, 大便, 大恭 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 屎, 大外, 㞎㞎 childish |
Taiwan | 大便, 屎 | |
Harbin | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish | |
Malaysia | 屎, 大便 | |
Singapore | 屎, 大便 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 屎, 大糞, 㞎㞎 childish |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 屎 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 屎, 屎㞎㞎 childish |
Wanrong | 屎 | |
Xi'an | 屎 | |
Xining | 大便 | |
Xuzhou | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 屎 |
Lanzhou | 屎 | |
Ürümqi | 屎 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 屎, 屎㞎衣兒, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎㞎 childish |
Wuhan | 㞎㞎, 屎, 大糞, 糞, 糟兒 slang, 米田共 argot | |
Guiyang | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎兒 childish | |
Liuzhou | 屎, 癟, 大便 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 屎 |
Yangzhou | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 屎, 茄 |
Hong Kong | 屎, 茄, 大便, 米田共 slang, 便便 childish, 唔唔 childish, 臭臭 childish, 坺坺 childish | |
Macau | 屎 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 屎, 茄 | |
Dongguan | 屎 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 屎 | |
Penang (Guangfu) | 屎 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 屎 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 屎 |
Lichuan | 屎 | |
Pingxiang | 屎 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 屎, 大糞 |
Yudu | 屎 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 屎 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 屎, 練 childish |
Jin | Taiyuan | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 屎 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 屎 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 屎 |
Quanzhou | 屎 | |
Zhangzhou | 屎 | |
Tainan | 屎, 大便 GT | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 屎 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 屎 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 屎 | |
Chaozhou | 屎 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 屎 | |
Leizhou | 屎 | |
Haikou | 屎 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 屎 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 屎 |
Wu | Shanghai | 惡, 大解 dated |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 惡 | |
Suzhou | 惡 | |
Danyang | 屎 | |
Hangzhou | 惡 | |
Ningbo | 惡 | |
Wenzhou | 惡 | |
Jinhua | 惡 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish |
Loudi | 屎, 㞎㞎 childish | |
Hengyang | 㞎㞎 childish | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Compounds
[edit]- 一啖砂糖一啖屎
- 一垺屎
- 一把屎,一把尿
- 一礐屎/一𬒈屎
- 一粒老鼠屎,壞了一鍋粥/一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅粥 (yī lì lǎoshǔshǐ, huài le yī guō zhōu)
- 不拉屎的
- 乾屎橛/干屎橛 (gānshǐjué)
- 半桶屎
- 占著茅坑不拉屎
- 厚屎
- 厚屎尿
- 厚話屎/厚话屎
- 吃了蜜蜂兒屎似的/吃了蜜蜂儿屎似的
- 嘴吃屎
- 好好鱟刣甲屎那流/好好鲎刣甲屎那流
- 好鞋不踏臭屎
- 家己捧屎抹面
- 屎堆
- 屎塔
- 屎尾
- 屎尿 (shǐniào)
- 屎㞎㞎 (shǐbǎba)
- 屎忽
- 屎忽鬼
- 屎桶
- 屎桮齒/屎桮齿
- 屎棋
- 屎橋/屎桥
- 屎殼郎/屎壳郎
- 屎滾尿流/屎滚尿流 (shǐgǔnniàoliú)
- 屎盆子 (shǐpénzi)
- 屎盎
- 屎礐仔/屎𬒈仔
- 屎礐仔蟲/屎𬒈仔虫
- 屎窟
- 屎缸蟲/屎缸虫
- 屎蛋 (shǐdàn)
- 屎蚵蜋
- 屎頭巾/屎头巾
- 屙屎 (ēshǐ)
- 慢牛厚屎尿
- 懶人多屎尿/懒人多屎尿
- 拉屎 (lāshǐ)
- 拖屎連/拖屎连
- 拉硬屎
- 搦屎搦尿
- 搞屎棍 (jiǎoshǐgùn)
- 擔屎/担屎
- 擔屎唔偷食/担屎唔偷食
- 攝屎/摄屎
- 攪屎棍/搅屎棍 (jiǎoshǐgùn)
- 攬狗屎/揽狗屎
- 放屎
- 桌頂食飯,桌跤放屎/桌顶食饭,桌跤放屎
- 流目屎
- 滲屎/渗屎
- 滲屎尿/渗屎尿
- 漚屎面/沤屎面
- 激屎
- 火屎
- 灰屎
- 炭屎
- 燥屎
- 牛屎色
- 牛屎鳥仔/牛屎鸟仔
- 牛屎龜/牛屎龟
- 狗吃屎
- 狗吃熱屎/狗吃热屎
- 狗屎 (gǒushǐ)
- 狗屎堆 (gǒushǐduī)
- 狗攬三堆屎/狗揽三堆屎
- 狗改不了吃屎 (gǒu gǎi bùliǎo chī shǐ)
- 生狂狗食無屎/生狂狗食无屎
- 生雞卵無,放雞屎有/生鸡卵无,放鸡屎有
- 疶屎
- 目屎
- 目屎膏
- 眼屎 (yǎnshǐ)
- 瞪屎
- 石屎 (shíshǐ)
- 老鼠屎 (lǎoshǔshǐ)
- 耳屎 (ěrshǐ)
- 胡蠅屎痣/胡蝇屎痣
- 胡蠅舞屎桮/胡蝇舞屎桮
- 落屎
- 落屎星
- 落屎馬/落屎马
- 薰屎
- 話屎/话屎
- 道在屎溺 (dàozàishǐniào)
- 阿屎
- 雞屎落塗,也有三寸煙/鸡屎落涂,也有三寸烟
- 雞屎藤/鸡屎藤
- 雞屎運/鸡屎运
- 飛屎/飞屎
- 鳥不生蛋,狗不拉屎/鸟不生蛋,狗不拉屎
- 鼻屎 (bíshǐ)
- 鼻屎膏
Etymology 2
[edit]This is a 破讀/破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: si
- Wade–Giles: hsi1
- Yale: syī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hei1
- Yale: hēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: hei1
- Guangdong Romanization: héi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: xjij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ij/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hri/
Definitions
[edit]屎
- † Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).
References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01086
- “屎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Li Shoukui (李守奎) (2015 April) ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻[1], volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, pages 154-162
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
屎 |
くそ Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
糞 |
⟨kuso1⟩ → /kuso/
From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Idioms
[edit]- 屎にする (kuso ni suru): “to turn something into shit; to treat something as shit” → to make something worthless; to treat something as worthless
- 屎の役にも立たぬ (kuso no yaku ni mo tatanu): “not even standing in the role of shit” → not even good for shit
- (See 役に立つ (yaku ni tatsu): “to be useful, to play a role”)
- 屎も味噌も一緒 (kuso mo miso mo issho): “both crap and miso together” → a situation where it is difficult to tell the good from the bad
Interjection
[edit]- (swear word) shit
Usage notes
[edit]This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.
Prefix
[edit]- A derogatory prefix.
- 屎爺い
- kusojijī
- crappy old man
- 屎爺い
Suffix
[edit]- A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
- 下手屎
- hetakuso
- crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
- 襤褸屎
- borokuso
- broken down for shit, raggedy-ass
- 下手屎
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
屎 |
ばば Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
糞 |
Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Idioms
[edit]- 猫屎する (nekobabasuru): to sweep something under the rug → to hide a problem without actually dealing with it (from how a cat will bury its poop)
References
[edit]- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[2]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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