許

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See also: 许
許 U+8A31, 許
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A31
← 訰
[U+8A30] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 訲 →
[U+8A32]

Translingual

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Han character

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許 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人十 (YROJ), four-corner 08640, composition ⿰訁午)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1151, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35298
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1618, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A31

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卸 *sŋjaːs
汻 *hŋaːŋʔ
滸 *hŋaːʔ
午 *ŋaːʔ
仵 *ŋaːʔ
旿 *ŋaːʔ
忤 *ŋaːs
迕 *ŋaːs
杵 *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞 *ŋaʔ
蘌 *ŋaʔ
篽 *ŋaʔ
禦 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許 *hŋaʔ
御 *ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋaʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ).

Etymology 1

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trad. 許
simp. 许
“place”
Related to 所 (OC *s-qʰ<r>aʔ, “place; that which”), 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ, “to be at”), 處 (OC *t.qʰaʔ-s, “place”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; also cf. Pan and Tao, 1999).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: literary.
Note: literary.
Note: literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 許
Mandarin Beijing /ɕy²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɕy²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕy¹³/
Jinan /ɕy⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ɕy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɕy⁵³/
Xi'an /ɕy⁵³/
Xining /ɕy⁵³/
Yinchuan /ɕy⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕy⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ɕy⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕy⁴²/
Chengdu /ɕy⁵³/
Guiyang /ɕi⁴²/
Kunming /ɕi⁵³/
Nanjing /ɕy²¹²/
Hefei /sz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕy⁵³/
Pingyao /ɕy⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕy⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕy⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ɕy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕy³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕy⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕy⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕy²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi³¹/
Taoyuan /hi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³⁵/
Nanning /hy³⁵/
Hong Kong /høy³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hu⁵³/
/kʰɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hy³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xy²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯ⁵³/
/kʰou⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hu²¹³/
/xɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 許
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 虚吕切
Baxter xjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/xiɔX/
Wang
Li 		/xĭoX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		heoi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 許
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjoX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰ(r)aʔ/
English place (n.); allow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 許
Reading # 1/1
No. 13180
Phonetic
component 		午
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*hŋaʔ/

Definitions

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許

  1. to allow; to permit
    只許看，不許吃／只许看，不许吃  ―  zhǐ xǔ kàn, bùxǔ chī  ―  it is only permitted to look at it but not to eat it
  2. to promise
    許下承諾／许下承诺  ―  xǔ xià chéngnuò  ―  to make a promise
  3. to betroth
    我們家姑娘已經許了人家兒了。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    我们家姑娘已经许了人家儿了。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Wǒmen jiā gūniang yǐjīng xǔ le rénjiar le. [Pinyin]
    Our miss has already been betrothed.
  4. to praise
    稱許／称许  ―  chēngxǔ  ―  to praise
  5. maybe; perhaps
  6. (literary) approximately
    下午三時許／下午三时许  ―  xiàwǔ sān shí xǔ  ―  about 3 pm
  7. so; such
    許久／许久  ―  xǔjiǔ  ―  a long time
  8. (literary) place

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: hứa (“to promise”)

Etymology 2

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trad. 許
simp. 许

Originally written as 鄦 (OC *hmaʔ), 𱢬 (among others) in pre-Qin texts. By the Han dynasty, it was homophonic with and written as 許, originally meaning “to allow; to promise”, due to voiceless nasals losing nasality, turning into x- (Zhang, 2022b).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: literary.
Note: vernacular.
Note: vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 許
Mandarin Beijing /ɕy²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɕy²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕy¹³/
Jinan /ɕy⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ɕy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɕy⁵³/
Xi'an /ɕy⁵³/
Xining /ɕy⁵³/
Yinchuan /ɕy⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕy⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ɕy⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕy⁴²/
Chengdu /ɕy⁵³/
Guiyang /ɕi⁴²/
Kunming /ɕi⁵³/
Nanjing /ɕy²¹²/
Hefei /sz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕy⁵³/
Pingyao /ɕy⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕy⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕy⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ɕy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕy³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕy⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕy⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕy²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi³¹/
Taoyuan /hi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³⁵/
Nanning /hy³⁵/
Hong Kong /høy³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hu⁵³/
/kʰɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hy³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xy²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯ⁵³/
/kʰou⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hu²¹³/
/xɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 許
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 虚吕切
Baxter xjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/xiɔX/
Wang
Li 		/xĭoX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		heoi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 許
Reading # 1/1
No. 13180
Phonetic
component 		午
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*hŋaʔ/

Definitions

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許

  1. a surname
    許慎／许慎  ―  Xǔ Shèn  ―  Xu Shen (author of Shuowen Jiezi)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Etymology 3

[edit]
trad. 許
simp. 许

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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許

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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trad. 許
simp. 许

Zheng (2017) suggests that it is from 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “that”). Compare 耳 (OC *njɯʔ, “ear”) > Min Nan hī.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
  • hi2 - Lufeng, Haifeng.

    Definitions

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    許

    1. (Gan, Min, Wu) that
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 那 (“that”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 彼, 其, 夫, 爾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 那, 該
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 那
    Taiwan 那
    Chengde 那
    Chifeng 那
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 那
    Heihe 那
    Qiqihar 那
    Harbin 那
    Jiamusi 那
    Baicheng 那
    Changchun 那
    Tonghua 那
    Shenyang 那
    Jinzhou 那
    Malaysia 那
    Singapore 那
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 那
    Tangshan 那
    Cangzhou 那
    Baoding 那
    Shijiazhuang 那
    Lijin 那, 乜
    Jinan 那
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 那
    Dandong 那
    Yantai 那, 乜
    Yantai (Muping) 那
    Zhucheng 那, 乜
    Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 那
    Wanrong 𠰻, 兀3, 奈
    Linfen 兀
    Shangqiu 那
    Yuanyang 那
    Zhengzhou 那
    Xinyang 那
    Baihe 那
    Xi'an 兀3, 那
    Baoji 那
    Tianshui 那
    Xining 那
    Xuzhou 那
    Pizhou 那
    Lianyungang (Ganyu) 那
    Donghai 那
    Fuyang 那
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 那, 呶
    Lanzhou 那
    Dunhuang 那
    Hami 那
    Ürümqi 那
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 那
    Nanchong 那
    Dazhou 那
    Hanyuan 那
    Xichang 那
    Zigong 那
    Chongqing 那
    Wuhan 那
    Yichang 那
    Xiangyang 那
    Tianmen 那
    Guiyang 那
    Zunyi 那
    Bijie 那
    Liping 那
    Zhaotong 那
    Dali 那
    Kunming 那
    Mengzi 那
    Guilin 那
    Liuzhou 那
    Jishou 那
    Changde 那
    Hanzhong 那
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 那
    Yangzhou 那
    Baoying 那
    Taizhou 那
    Zhenjiang 那
    Lianyungang 那
    Huai'an (Huaiyin) 那
    Lianshui 那
    Nantong 葛
    Rugao 那
    Yancheng 那
    Funing 那
    Sihong 那
    Wuhu 那, 顧
    Hefei 那
    Hong'an 那
    Cantonese Guangzhou 嗰
    Hong Kong 嗰
    Macau 嗰
    Taishan 嚀, 𡃕
    Dongguan 嗰
    Yangjiang 那
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 嗰
    Singapore (Guangfu) 嗰
    Gan Nanchang 許
    Nanchang (Wangcheng) 許
    Anyi 爾
    Lushan 爾
    Pengze 爾
    Duchang 爾
    Wuning (Quankou) 爾
    Poyang 爾
    Yugan 爾
    Wannian 那
    Hengfeng 爾
    Yanshan 爾
    Leping 恁
    Fengxin 許
    Wanzai 許
    Fengcheng 許
    Xinyu 許
    Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 恁
    Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 恁
    Nancheng 階
    Nanfeng 許
    Yihuang 里
    Lichuan 許
    Chongren 許
    Pingxiang 恁
    Ji'an 改
    Yongfeng 蓋
    Xiajiang 許
    Yingtan (Yujiang) 里
    Guixi 許
    Jinxian 恁
    Jinxi 恁
    Le'an 許
    Guangchang 該
    Anfu 改
    Wan'an 介
    Jing'an 許
    Hakka Changting 解
    Shanghang 介
    Wuping 解
    Liancheng 解
    Qingliu 介
    Yudu 界
    Shangyou (Shexi) 界
    Dayu 密
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 該
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 該
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 該
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 該
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 該
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 遐
    Hong Kong 哎
    Kuching (Hepo) 嗰
    Huizhou Jixi 那
    Shexian 那
    Wuyuan 箇
    Fuliang 爾
    Jin Taiyuan 兀3, 那
    Yangyuan 那
    Datong 那
    Xinzhou 𠰻
    Lüliang (Lishi) 那, 𠰻
    Changzhi 那
    Linhe 那
    Jining 那
    Hohhot 那
    Erenhot 那
    Pingshan 那
    Zhangjiakou 那
    Handan 那
    Suide 那
    Northern Min Jian'ou 兀4
    Songxi 兀4
    Zhenghe 兀4
    Jianyang 兀4
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 許
    Fuzhou (Changle) 許
    Lianjiang 許
    Fuqing 許
    Pingtan 許
    Yongtai 許
    Minqing 許
    Gutian 許
    Pingnan 許
    Luoyuan 許
    Fu'an 許
    Xiapu 許
    Zherong 那
    Shouning 許
    Zhouning 許
    Fuding 許
    Singapore (Fuqing) 許
    Southern Min Xiamen 彼, 許
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 彼
    Quanzhou 彼, 許
    Jinjiang 彼
    Nan'an 彼
    Shishi 彼
    Hui'an 彼
    Anxi 彼
    Yongchun 彼
    Dehua 彼
    Zhangzhou 彼, 許
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 彼
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 彼
    Hua'an 彼
    Nanjing 彼
    Pinghe 彼
    Zhangpu 彼
    Yunxiao 彼
    Zhao'an 彼
    Dongshan 彼
    Taipei 彼
    Kaohsiung 彼
    Penghu (Xiyu) 那
    Singapore (Hokkien) 彼
    Manila (Hokkien) 彼, 許
    Datian 彼
    Chaozhou 許
    Shantou 許
    Haifeng 許
    Singapore (Teochew) 許
    Batam (Teochew) 許
    Wenchang 許
    Singapore (Hainanese) 許
    Shaojiang Min Guangze 兀4
    Mingxi 兀4
    Wu Shanghai 埃, 伊
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 威
    Shanghai (Chongming) 艾, 港, 葛 also this
    Suzhou 歸
    Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 介面
    Wuxi 過
    Changshu 過
    Changzhou 過
    Danyang 過
    Nanjing (Zhongbao, Gaochun) 古
    Wenzhou 許
    Shangrao 麼
    Yushan 忽
    Xiang Changsha 那
    Shuangfeng 喏

    References

    [edit]
    • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “许”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 293.

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    許

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. permit
    2. approve
    3. place below, vicinity

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: こ (ko)
    • Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
    • Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 許す, Jōyō)、ばかり (bakari, 許り)、もと (moto, 許)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    Noun

    [edit]
    For pronunciation and definitions of 許 – see the following entry.
    【下もと】1
    [noun] the lower portion, base
    [noun] under the influence of
    (This term, 許, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]

    許 (eumhun 허락할 허 (heorakhal heo))

    1. hanja form? of 허 (“approve”)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    許: Hán Nôm readings: hứa, hớ, hở, hử, hữ, ngỏ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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