List of leaders of Communist Tuva
| Leaders of Communist Tuva | |
|---|---|
| Seat | Kyzyl |
| Appointer | Politburo, Central Committee or any party apparatus (de facto) Parliamentary vote (de jure) |
| Formation | 14/15 August 1921 |
| First holder | Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (as Chairman of the All-Tuva Constituent Khural) |
| Final holder | Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey (as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet) Sherig-ool Oorzhak (as Chairman of the Council of Ministers) |
| Abolished | 25 December 1991 |
The following is a list of leaders of Communist Tuva, encompassing leaders of the Tuvan People's Republic, the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast (the Tuvan AO) and the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (the Tuvan ASSR).
It lists heads of state, heads of government, heads of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party and of the local branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
The Tuvan People's Republic was nominally a sovereign state[1] in 1921–44, but it was considered a satellite state of the Soviet Union (the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic were the only countries to recognize its independence[2][3]).
In 1944, at the request of Tuva's Small People's Khural (parliament), the Tuvan People's Republic became a part of the Soviet Union as an autonomous oblast (the Tuvan AO) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (the Russian SFSR) by the decision of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.[4]
In 1961, the Tuvan AO became an autonomous soviet socialist republic (the Tuvan ASSR) of the Russian SFSR.
Tuvan People's Republic
[edit]Heads of state
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chairman of the All-Tuva Constituent Khural (1921) | ||||||
| 1 | Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (1892–1932) | 14 August 1921 | 15 August 1921 | 1 day | TPRP | |
| Chairmen of the General Central Council (1921–1923) | ||||||
| (1) | Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (1892–1932) | 15 August 1921 | 28 February 1922 | 197 days | TPRP | |
| 2 | Maady Lopsan-Osur (1876–1934?) | 1 March 1922 | 15 August 1922 | 167 days | TPRP | |
| 3 | Salchak Idam-Syuryun | 15 August 1922 | 1 October 1923 | 1 year, 47 days | TPRP | |
| Chairmen of the Presidium of the Little Khural (1923–1944) | ||||||
| 4 | Mongush Nimachap (Nimazhap) (1879–1932) | 1 October 1923 | 4 February 1929 | 4 years, 139 days | TPRP | |
| 5 | Adyg Tyulyush Chulydum (1900–1933) | 5 February 1929 | 5 October 1933 | 4 years, 242 days | TPRP | |
| 6 | Adyg-Tulush Khemchik-ool (1893–1938) | 1933 | February 1938 | 5 years | TPRP | |
| 7 | Polat Oyun (1906–1992) | 2 March 1938 | 4 April 1940 | 2 years, 33 days | TPRP | |
| 8 | Khertek Anchimaa-Toka (1912–2008) [a] | 6 April 1940 | 10 October 1944 | 4 years, 187 days | TPRP | |
Heads of government
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (1923–1944) | ||||||
| 1 | Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (1892–1932) | 1 October 1923 | 18 September 1924 | 353 days | TPRP | |
| 2 | Soyan Oruygu (1876–?) | 18 September 1924 | 1925 | 1 year | TPRP | |
| 3 | Donduk Kuular (1888–1932) | 1925 | January 1929 | 4 years | TPRP | |
| 4 | Adyg-Tulush Khemchik-ool (1893–1938) | January 1929 | 1929 | Several months | TPRP | |
| 5 | Sat Churmet-Dazhi (1894–1938) | 1929 | February 1938 | 9 years | TPRP | |
| 6 | Ondar Bayyr (Aleksey Bair) (1904–1986) | 1938 | May 1940 | 2 years | TPRP | |
| Post abolished (May 1940 – 22 June 1941) | ||||||
| 7 | Saryg-Donggak Chymba (Aleksandr Chimba) (1906–1985) | 22 June 1941 | 10 October 1944 | 3 years, 110 days | TPRP | |
Heads of party
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chairman of the Organizing Bureau of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1921–1922) | ||||||
| 1 | Mongush Nimachap (Nimazhap) (1879–1932) | 29 October 1921 | March 1922 | 4 months | TPRP | |
| Chairmen of the Central Committee of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1922–1924) | ||||||
| 2 | Maady Lopsan-Osur (1876–1934?) | March 1922 | 9 July 1923 | 1 year, 4 months | TPRP | |
| 3 | Oyun Kyursedi (Kursedi) (1884–1924) | 9 July 1923 | 15 March 1924 | 250 days | TPRP | |
| General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1924–1926) | ||||||
| 4 | Shagdyr | April 1924 | January 1926 | 1 year, 9 months | TPRP | |
| First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1926–1932) | ||||||
| 5 | Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy (1892–1932) | January 1926 | February 1927 | 1 year, 1 month | TPRP | |
| 6 | Sodnam Balchir Ambyn-noyon (1901–?) | February 1927 | January 1929 | 1 year, 11 months | TPRP | |
| 7 | Irgit Shagdyrzhap (1899–1959) | January 1929 | March 1932 | 3 years, 2 months | TPRP | |
| General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (1932–1944) | ||||||
| 8 | Salchak Toka (1901–1973) | 6 March 1932 | 10 October 1944 | 12 years, 218 days | TPRP | |
Heads of finance ministry
[edit]| Term | Name |
|---|---|
| 1928–1930 | Sodnam Oorjak |
| 1932–1934 | Tanchai Oyun |
| 1933–1937 | Polat Oyun |
| 1940–1941 | Nikolay Tovarishtay |
| 1941–1943 | Shamir Erectol |
| 1943–1944 | Kenden Lopsan |
| Source: [6] | |
Tuvan Autonomous Oblast / Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
[edit]Heads of state
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Autonomous Oblast Soviet (1944–1962) | ||||||
| 1 | Saryg-Donggak Chymba (Aleksandr Chimba) (1906–1985) | 13 October 1944 | February 1961 | 16 years, 3 months | CPSU | |
| 2 | Mikhail Mendume (1922–2001) | February 1961 | 10 January 1962 | 11 months | CPSU | |
| Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1962–1990) | ||||||
| 3 | Bay-Kara Dolchanmaa (1916–2002) | 10 January 1962 | 22 June 1977 | 15 years, 163 days | CPSU | |
| (2) | Mikhail Mendume (1922–2001) | 22 June 1977 | December 1984 | 7 years, 5 months | CPSU | |
| 4 | Chimit-Dorzhu Ondar (born 1932) | December 1984 | 27 April 1990 | 5 years, 4 months | CPSU | |
| Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet (1990–1991) | ||||||
| (4) | Chimit-Dorzhu Ondar (born 1932) | 27 April 1990 | 2 October 1991 | 1 year, 158 days | CPSU | |
| 5 | Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey (born 1950) | 2 October 1991 | 25 December 1991 | 84 days | Independent | |
Heads of government
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (1944–1991) | ||||||
| Post abolished (10 October 1944 – 10 January 1962) | ||||||
| 1 | Mikhail Mendume (1922–2001) | 10 January 1962 | 22 June 1977 | 15 years, 163 days | CPSU | |
| 2 | Chimit-Dorzhu Ondar (born 1932) | 22 June 1977 | December 1984 | 7 years, 5 months | CPSU | |
| 3 | Vladimir Seryakov (1934–2016) | December 1984 | April 1990 | 5 years, 4 months | CPSU | |
| 4 | Sherig-ool Oorzhak (born 1942) | 28 April 1990 | 25 December 1991 | 1 year, 241 days | CPSU | |
Heads of party
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| First Secretary of the Oblast Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1944–1961) | ||||||
| 1 | Salchak Toka (1901–1973) | 13 October 1944 | 10 October 1961 | 16 years, 362 days | CPSU | |
| First Secretaries of the Republican Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1961–1991) | ||||||
| (1) | Salchak Toka (1901–1973) | 11 October 1961 | 11 May 1973 | 11 years, 213 days | CPSU | |
| 2 | Grigoriy Shirshin (born 1934) | 6 June 1973 | 23 August 1991 | 18 years, 78 days | CPSU | |
See also
[edit]- Head of the Republic of Tuva
- History of Tuva
- Tuvan People's Republic
- Tuvan Autonomous Oblast
- Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Notes
[edit]- ^ The first non-royal female head of state.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Toomas Alatalu (1992). "Tuva: a State Reawakens". Soviet Studies. 44 (5): 881–895. doi:10.1080/09668139208412051. JSTOR 152275.
- ^ Dallin, David J. Soviet Russia and the Far East, Yale University Press, 1948, p. 87
- ^ Paine, S.C.M. Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier, M.E. Sharpe, 1996, p. 329.
- ^ Президиум Верховного Совета СССР. Указ от 11 октября 1944 г «О принятии Тувинской Народной Республики в состав Союза Советских Социалистических Республик». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of 11 October 1944 On the admission of the Tuvan People's Republic to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. ).
- ^ "Khertek Anchimaa Toka: the world’s first female head of state". Times Online. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "К 95-летию Тувинской Народной Республики".