Currently Minetest only support OpenGL and OpenGL ES.

These are many things Minetest would benefits from a Vulkan rendering backend:

• Vulkan has a better support of modern hardware, with notable improvements of multithreading support
• Vulkan extentions exists for things like cross vendor hardware raytracing which may be useful for graphical improvements in the future
• MacOS etc deprecated OpenGL in favor of Metal starting from 10.14 (2018). Vulkan SDK includes MoltenVK, which is a Vulkan implementation on top of Metal API, allowing Minetest to use the maintained MacOS graphical API.
• Vulkan unified OpenGL and OpenGL ES, so Android rendering will be made easier for long term (85% of Android marketshare already have Vulkan support). Vulkan apps can also sightly improve battery life on mobile devices.
• Vulkan's design is better suited for VRR, at least on linux
• EDIT: Vulkan can also select the dedicated GPU itself (instead of using prime-run on hybrid laptops for exemple)

Links:

• https://www.vulkan.org/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoltenVK