Spain
| Reino de España | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| Des ke jaankari | |||||
| Des ke motto: | Plus Ultra (further beyond) | ||||
| National anthem: | Marcha Real | ||||
| Log ke baare me | |||||
| Official bhasa: | Spanish (Castilian) (in some self-governing communities, Catalan, Basque nai to Galician, Occitan | ||||
| Abaadi: | |||||
| - Total: | {{{populationtotal}}} | ||||
| Jagha | |||||
| Capital City: | Madrid | ||||
| Sab se barraa City: | Madrid | ||||
| Area | |||||
| - Total: | 504,782 (ranked 50) | ||||
| - Water: | 5250 km² (1.04%) | ||||
| Politics / Government | |||||
| Leader: | Felipe VI of Spain Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez | ||||
| Economy / Money | |||||
| Paisa ke naam: | Euro (€)¹ | ||||
| International information | |||||
| Time ke zone: | +01:00 | ||||
| Telephone ke dialing code: | 34 | ||||
| Internet domain: | .ES | ||||
Spain,jiske pahile Kingdom of Spain ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, Europe ke southwest me ek des hae. Ii Iberian Peninsula me Portugal aur Gibraltar ke bagal me hae. Iske north me France aur ek chhotaa des, Andorra hae. [1]
Spain ke jaada log Spanish bhasa me bat kare hae, lekin des ke kuch jagah me duusra bhasa me baat karaa jaae hae jaise ki Catalan bhasa, Basque bhasa, aur Galician bhasa, Leonese bhasa, Aragonese, Aranese Occitan aur Portuguese bhasa. Spain ke jada log ke dharam, Roman Catholic hae.
1975 se Spain me ek Raja hae jiske palace capital , Madrid me hae.
Spain ke area five hundred thousand square kilometres hae aur ii iske France se chhota aur Sweden aur Germany se barraa kar de hae. Forty-three million log Spain me rahe hae.
Itihaas
[badlo | source ke badlo]Iberian Peninsula, jisme Spain aur Portugal hae, me 1.3 million saal pahile homonid rahat rahin.[2] Aadhmik insaan Iberia me 35,000 saal pahile aawe rahin.[3]
Rome ke Iberian Peninsula ke aapan niche kare se pahile hian pe Iberians aur Celts rahat rahin. Iberian log peninsula ke Mediterranean ke taraf rahat rahin aur Celts log bhittar waala jagha aur Atlantic waala taraf rahat rahin. Basques log Pyrenees pahaarr ke west aur nigiich ke jagha me rahat rahin. Phoenician log samundar ke kinare dher city banae rahin aur Greek log kuch colony aur trading post ke east me banae rahin. Carthage ke log bhi ii ilaaka me ghuse rahin lakin jaada kar ke samundar ke kinare rahat rahin.
210 aur 205 BC ke biich me Rome, Mediterranean coast pe Carthage ke trading colony ke aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad Rome ke 200 saal lagaa puura Iberia ke aapan niche kare ke. Rome ke kaanun, bhasa aur rasta Iberia me kaam me laawa jaae lagaa.[4] Dhire dhire hian ke log Roman ke sanskriti ke apnaae lagin aur kuch huan ke neta ke Roman aristrocacy me jagha milaa.[5]
Hispania (Spain), Rome ke khaatir dher khaae waala chij ke utpaadan karat rahaa aur hian se wool, olive oil aur wine ke export karaa jaawat rahaa. Christianity ke hian pe pahila century AD me laawa gais rahaa aur duusra century talak city me jaada log isme biswas karat rahin. 170 AD se Mauri log North Africa se Spain me ghuse lage rahin.[6]
409 me Germanic log North se aae ke north-west iberia me ek kingdom banain aur Vandal log south me aae ke bas gain, lekin Roamn sanskriti aur Christainity nai badlaa. Byzantine Empire ek colony ke Spain ke south me banain jisse ki Rome ke Raj ke fir se hian pe laawa jaae sake. Baad me Visigothic Kingdom ke niche Spain ek des bhais.
711 se lae ke 718 talak, Umayyad Caliphate jon North Africa ke Byzantine Empire se lae lin rahaa, lagbhag sab Iberian Peninsula ke aapan niche kae liin. Khaali ek kgha north ke pahaar ke lage Visigoth Kindoam ke niche rahaa. Iske baad north me aur Christian Kingdom banaa aur Muslim aur Christian ilaaka ke siima Ebro aur Douro valley rahaa.[7]
Ii time huan ke dher jan Muslim hoe gais aur Al-Andalus ke jaada log Muslim rahin. [8]
Viking log coast ke ilaaka pe 9th aur 10th century me raid kare rahin.[9] 11th century me Caliphate of Cordoba tuut gais aur dher chhota chhota kindom me vibhajit hoe gain[10] aur Christian kingdom south ke bagal expand hoe lagin.
1248 me Muslim Kingdom jon Cordoba aur serville me rahaa, Christian raja ke niche aae gain. Dhire dihre muslim influence kamtii bhais aur 1492 me puuura peninsula pe Christians ke raaj fir se hoe gais.[11]
Chhaapa ke gallery
[badlo | source ke badlo]- Spain - España
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Toledo
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Cordoba
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Avila
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Granada
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Poblet
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Segovia
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Gibraltar
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Salobrena, Sierra Nevada
Bahaari jorr
[badlo | source ke badlo]References
[badlo | source ke badlo]- ↑ "Spain | Facts, Culture, History, & Points of Interest". Encyclopedia Britannica. 26 July 2023. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ↑ "'First west Europe tooth' found", BBC, 30 June 2007.
- ↑ Typical Aurignacian items were found in Cantabria (Morín, El Pendo, El Castillo), the Basque Country (Santimamiñe) and Catalonia. The radiocarbon datations give the following dates: 32,425 and 29,515 BP.
- ↑ Payne, Stanley G. (1973). "A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 1 Ancient Hispania". The Library of Iberian Resources Online. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ↑ Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). "A Country Study: Spain. Chapter 1 – Hispania". Library of Congress Country Series. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ↑ Alonso Villalobos, Carlos (1984). "Contribución al estudio de las invasiones mauritanas de la Bética en el siglo II". Actas del II Congreso Andaluz deEstudios Clásicos. II. Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos. https://repositorio.iaph.es/bitstream/11532/327602/1/Contribuci%C3%B3n%20al%20estudio%20de%20las%20invasiones%20mauritanas.pdf. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ↑ Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). "A Country Study: Spain – Castile and Aragon". Library of Congress Country Series. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
- ↑ Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. Chapter 5: Ethnic Relations Archived 3 Aprel 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Thomas F. Glick
- ↑ Scheen, Rolf (1996). "Viking raids on the spanish peninsula". Militaria. Revista de Cultura Militar (8): 67–73. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MILT/article/download/MILT9696110067A/3416/0. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- ↑ Classen, Albrecht (31 August 2015). Handbook of Medieval Culture. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110267303. https://books.google.com/books?id=3RtpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA237. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
- ↑ Salicrú i Lluch, Roser (2020). "Granada and Its International Contacts". The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West. Brill. pp. 124–125. doi:10.1163/9789004443594_006. ISBN 9789004443594. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004443594/BP000014.xml. Retrieved 13 April 2022.