Martinus Heidegger

Martinus Heidegger (natus Messkirchi 26 Septembris 1889; Friburgi Brisgoviae die 26 Maii 1976 mortuus) fuit philosophus Germanicus, qui magnum opus conscripsit quod Esse et tempus (Theodisce Sein und Zeit) inscribitur.

Heidegger exquisivit, quid cum vocabulo ipso esse significaret; haec enim est eius philosophica quaestio principalis. Ipse itaque ontologicae differentiae philosophus appellatur, qui inter definitiones verborum esse ipsum et ens stricte discernit.

Secundum philosophicam Martini Heidegger sententiam, metaphysica generalis sive ontologia veluti philosophiae fundamentum considerari non potest. Heidegger historiam metaphysicae per essendi oblivionem definire esse putavit. Qua de causa philosophiam eius 'ontologiam principalem' significavit, quam voce Theodisca Fundamentalontologie appellatur. Postea Heidegger de essendi eventu locutus est, cum "esse ipsum” per metaphysicae historiam velaretur, sed etiam pariter manifestaretur. Per philosophandi genus novum significationem essendi ipsius invenire conatus est. Itaque metaphysicae historiam per reditum ad antiquos philosophos Graecos, qui ante Socraten fuerant, nove enarravit.

Esse et Tempus

Martini Heidegger opus magnum, cui titulus est Esse et Tempus (Theodisce Sein und Zeit), praeclarissimum est. Prologus^[1] illius libri, qui cum dicto praeclaro philosophi Platonis ex dialogo Sophista allatus est, quem Graeci σοφιστής appellant, haec coepit:

"δῆλον γὰρ ὡς ὑμεῖς μὲν ταῦτα πάλαι γιγνώσκετε, ἡμεῖς δὲ πρὸ τοῦ μὲν ᾠόμεθα, νῦν δ᾿ ἠπορήκαμεν." ^[2]

"Palam enim, vos iam diu rem novisse, nos autem olim quidem scire putavimus nunc autem defecimus."^[3]

Heidegger ipse de significatione verbi essendi quaestionem perobscuram dicens proponit:

"Num hodie, si quis nostrum quae essendi ideae vera significatio sit quaerat, responsum reddere possimus?

Minime vero.

Quam ob rem, denuo quae verbis “esse” vis sit nobis quaerendum est.

Atque num hodie quidem turbamur, cum nos quid “esse” significet nescire edocti sumus? Minime vero.

Itaque, denuo significationis essendi quaestio nobis ponenda est.

Ac huius libri causa haec est: quid, cum “esse” dicimus, hoc significet."^[4]

Heidegger et Nazismus

Ab anno 1933 usque ad 1945, Heidegger Factionis Socialistarum Nationalium Germanicae socius fuit, quod postea status academici et disputandi facultatis privationis causa ei fuit.

Notae

↑ Martin Heidegger (1986), Sein und Zeit (1927), Tubingae, p. 1.
↑ Plato, Sophista 244 a.
↑ Conversio ex lingua Graeca in linguam Latinam, Marsilio Ficino auctore: http://www.opera-platonis.de/Didot2/Sophistes244.htm.
↑ Heidegger, Martin: ibid.

Bibliographia

De vita

Farías, Victor. Heidegger and Nazism, ed. Joseph Margolis et Tom Rockmore.
Ott, Hugo. Martin Heidegger: A Political Life.
Pöggeler, Otto. 1987. Martin Heidegger's Path of Thinking, conv. D. Magurshak etS. Barber. Humanities Press.
Safranski, Rüdiger. Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil.
van Buren, John. The Young Heidegger: Rumor of the Hidden King.

De Being and Time

Blattner, William. Heidegger's Temporal Idealism.
Carman, Taylor. 2003. Heidegger's Analytic: Interpretation, Discourse, and Authenticity in "Being and Time." doi:10.1017/CBO9780511498060 ISBN 9780511498060.
de Paulo, Craig J. N. The Influence of Augustine on Heidegger: The Emergence of an Augustinian Phenomenology.
Dreyfus, Hubert. Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger's Being and Time, Division I.
Gelven, Michael. A Commentary on Heidegger's Being and Time, Revised Edition.
Kaelin, E. F. "Heidegger's Being & Time: A Reading for Readers."
King, Magda. A Guide to Heidegger's Being and Time.
Kisiel, Theodore. The Genesis of Heidegger's Being and Time.
Luchte, James. Heidegger's Early Philosophy: The Phenomenology of Ecstatic Temporality.
Mulhall, Stephen. Heidegger and Being and Time.
Wrathall, Mark. How to Read Heidegger.

De civilitate et Nazismo

Bourdieu, Pierre. The Political Ontology of Martin Heidegger.
Beistegui, Miguel. Heidegger and the Political: Dystopias.
Derrida, Jacques. Of Spirit: Heidegger and the Question.
Farías, Victor. 1989. Heidegger and Nazism. Philadelphiae: Temple University Press, 1989.
Faye, Emmanuel. 2005. Heidegger, l'introduction du nazisme dans la philosophie: autour des séminaires inédits de 1933–1935. Lutetiae: Albin Michel. ISBN 2-226-14252-5. (Francice)
Faye, Emmanuel. 2009. Heidegger: The Introduction of Nazism into Philosophy in Light of the Unpublished Seminars of 1933–1935. Conv. Michael B. Smith; praefatio Tom Rockmore. Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
Gethmann-Siefert, Annemarie, et Otto Pöggeler, eds. 1989. Heidegger und die praktische Philosophie. Francofurti: Suhrkamp. (Theodisce)
Janicaud, Dominique. The Shadow of That Thought.
Korab-Karpowicz, W. J. 2007. "Heidegger's Hidden Path: From Philosophy to Politics." Review of Metaphysics+ 61.
Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe. "Transcendence Ends in Politics." In Typography: Mimesis, Philosophy, Politics.
Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe.Heidegger, Art, and Politics: The Fiction of the Political.
Leaman, George. 1993. Heidegger im Kontext: Gesamtüberblick zum NS-Engagement der Universitätsphilosophen. Hamburgi: Argument Verlag. ISBN 9783886192052. (Theodisce)
Löwith] Karl. Martin Heidegger and European Nihilism.
Löwith, Karl. Heidegger's Existentialism.
Lyotard, Jean-François. Heidegger and "the Jews."
Ott, Hugo. Heidegger. A Political Life.
Neske, Günther, et Emil Kettering, eds. Martin Heidegger and National Socialism: Questions and Answers.
Payen, Guillaume. 2023. Martin Heidegger's Changing Destinies: Catholicism, Revolution, Nazism. Conv. Jane Marie Todd et Steven Rendall. Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
Rockmore, Tom, et Joseph Margolis, eds. The Heidegger Case.
Ross, Daniel. Heidegger and the Question of the Political.
Sluga, Hans. Heidegger's Crisis: Philosophy and Politics in Nazi Germany.
Thomson, Iain. Heidegger on Ontotheology: Technology and the Politics of Education.
Villa, Dana. Arendt and Heidegger: the Fate of the Political.
Wolin, Richard, ed. The Heidegger Controversy. ISBN 0-262-23166-2.
Young, Julian. Heidegger, Philosophy, Nazism.

De Heidegger et cogitatione Asiana

Berenguer-Huguet, Ferran. 2023. De philosophia Heideggeri deque eius receptione Iaponica, Friburgi: Editoria Friburgiana. Textus interretialis (Theseos expositio).
May, Reinhard, et Graham Parkes. 1996. Heidegger's Hidden Sources: East Asian influences on his work. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14037-4. Google Books.
Nelson, Eric S. 2017. Chinese and Buddhist Philosophy in Early Twentieth-Century German Thought. Londinii: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781350002555. Google Books.
Parkes, Graham. 1987. Heidegger and Asian Thought. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1064-3. Google Books.

Nexus externi

De Martino Heidegger, www.iep.utm.edu (Encyclopaedia Interretialis Philosophiae)
Martin Heidegger spricht. Vol. I. 1975 (YouTube)
Martin Heidegger spricht. Vol. II. 1975 (YouTube)

[1] Martin Heidegger (1986), Sein und Zeit (1927), Tubingae, p. 1.

[2] Plato, Sophista 244 a.

[3] Conversio ex lingua Graeca in linguam Latinam, Marsilio Ficino auctore: http://www.opera-platonis.de/Didot2/Sophistes244.htm.

[4] Heidegger, Martin: ibid.

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