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First Bulgarian Empire

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First Bulgarian Empire
ц︢рьство бл︢гарское
681–991
First Bulgarian Empire in 850[1][2]
First Bulgarian Empire in 850[1][2]
CapitalPliska (681–893),
Preslav (893–968/972)
Common languagesBulgar,[3]
Proto-Slavic,
Byzantine Greek,[4][5][6]
Balkan Romance,
Church Slavonic[7]
Religion
Tengrism, Slavic paganism (681–864),
Orthodox Christianity (state religion from 864)
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Monarch 
• 681-700
Asparuh (first)
• 930s-991
Roman of Bulgaria (last)
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Asparuh arrives and defeats Eastern Rome at the Battle of Ongal
680
• New Bulgarian state recognized by Eastern Rome
681
864
• Adoption of Church Slavonic as a national language
893
• Simeon I assumes the title of Tsar (Emperor)
913
• Theme Bulgaria established in Byzantine Empire
1018 991
Area
895[8]440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi)
927[8][9]325,000 km2 (125,000 sq mi)
1000[8]235,000 km2 (91,000 sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Quaestura exercitus
Image missing Avar Khaganate
Old Great Bulgaria
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty

The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe[10]) was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 in the lands near the Danube Delta and which disintegrated in AD 1185 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire.

References

[change | change source]
  1. Fine, John (1991). Early medieval Balkans. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
  2. Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.
  3. Sedlar, Jean W. (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. p. 424. ISBN 9780295800646.
  4. Fletcher, Richard A. (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-520-21859-0.
  5. Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: from its Origins to the Present. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 90-04-12835-2.
  6. Curta 2008, pp. 350–351
  7. Language Contact in Europe The Periphrastic Perfect Through History by Bridget Drinka (2017) Cambridge University Press page 290 (ISBN : 9780521514934)
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Rashev, Rasho (2008). Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII - IX c. (in Bulgarian). Класика и стил. ISBN 9789543270392.
  9. Davies, Norman (1997). Europe. A History. Oxford University press. ISBN 954-427-663-7.
  10. Radoev, Ivanov Alexander (2019). THE CROATIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Was, Is, And Shall Be. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Archbishop Alexander. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-359-99545-5. According to the law of 893, in the Bulgarian Empire everyone was Bulgarian, and the Bulgarian language was mandatory in the liturgy (with Cyrillic or Glagolitic script).