First Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire ц︢рьство бл︢гарское | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 681–991 | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972) | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Bulgar,[3] Proto-Slavic, Byzantine Greek,[4][5][6] Balkan Romance, Church Slavonic[7] | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Tengrism, Slavic paganism (681–864), Orthodox Christianity (state religion from 864) | ||||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||
• 681-700 | Asparuh (first) | ||||||||||||
• 930s-991 | Roman of Bulgaria (last) | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||
| 680 | |||||||||||||
• New Bulgarian state recognized by Eastern Rome | 681 | ||||||||||||
| 864 | |||||||||||||
• Adoption of Church Slavonic as a national language | 893 | ||||||||||||
| 913 | |||||||||||||
• Theme Bulgaria established in Byzantine Empire | 1018 991 | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
| 895[8] | 440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| 927[8][9] | 325,000 km2 (125,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| 1000[8] | 235,000 km2 (91,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe[10]) was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 in the lands near the Danube Delta and which disintegrated in AD 1185 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Fine, John (1991). Early medieval Balkans. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ↑ Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.
- ↑ Sedlar, Jean W. (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. p. 424. ISBN 9780295800646.
- ↑ Fletcher, Richard A. (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-520-21859-0.
- ↑ Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: from its Origins to the Present. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 90-04-12835-2.
- ↑ Curta 2008, pp. 350–351
- ↑ Language Contact in Europe The Periphrastic Perfect Through History by Bridget Drinka (2017) Cambridge University Press page 290 (ISBN : 9780521514934)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Rashev, Rasho (2008). Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII - IX c. (in Bulgarian). Класика и стил. ISBN 9789543270392.
- ↑ Davies, Norman (1997). Europe. A History. Oxford University press. ISBN 954-427-663-7.
- ↑ Radoev, Ivanov Alexander (2019). THE CROATIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Was, Is, And Shall Be. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Archbishop Alexander. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-359-99545-5.
According to the law of 893, in the Bulgarian Empire everyone was Bulgarian, and the Bulgarian language was mandatory in the liturgy (with Cyrillic or Glagolitic script).