Ogled vira Difenhidramin

{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 460791686
| IUPAC_name = 2-(difenilmetoksi)-''N'',''N''-dimetiletanamin
| image = Diphenhydramine 2D skeletal.svg
| image2 = Diphenhydramine 3D 2aot.png
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Benadryl, Unisom, Sominex, drugi 
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|diphenhydramine-hydrochloride}}
| pronounce = dífenhidramín
| MedlinePlus = a682539
| pregnancy_AU = A
| pregnancy_US = B
| legal_AU = S2
| legal_US = OTC
| routes_of_administration = [[peroralna pot uporabe|z zaužitjem]], [[intramuskularna pot uporabe|v mišico]], [[intravenska pot uporabe|intravensko]], [[topična aplikacija|topično]], [[rektalna pot uporabe|rektalno]]
| dependency_liability = zelo nizka<ref>{{navedi knjigo |last1=Hubbard |first1=John R. |last2=Martin |first2=Peter R. |title=Substance Abuse in the Mentally and Physically Disabled |date=2001 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780824744977 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY1kFYk98mQC&pg=PA26 |language=en}}</ref>
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 40–60 %<ref name="pmid2866055">{{cite journal | vauthors = Paton DM, Webster DR | title = Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines) | journal = Clinical Pharmacokinetics | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 477–497 | year = 1985 | pmid = 2866055 | doi = 10.2165/00003088-198510060-00002 }}</ref>
| protein_bound = 98–99 %
| metabolism = v [[jetra|jetrih]] ([[CYP2D6]] (80 %), [[CYP3A4]] (10 %))<ref>{{navedi splet | title = Showing Diphenhydramine (DB01075) | url = http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01075 | publisher = DrugBank | accessdate = 5. 9. 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090831145953/http://drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01075 | archivedate = 31. 8. 2009 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
| elimination_half-life = razpon: 2,4–13,5&nbsp;[[ura|h]]<ref name="AHFS">{{navedi knjigo|title=AHFS Drug Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WR0NAQAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Published by authority of the Board of Directors of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists}}</ref><ref name="pmid2866055" /><ref name="pmid2391399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Simons KJ, Watson WT, Martin TJ, Chen XY, Simons FE | title = Diphenhydramine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in elderly adults, young adults, and children | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-pharmacology_1990-07_30_7/page/665 | journal = Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 30 | issue = 7 | pages = 665–671 | date = julij 1990 | pmid = 2391399 | doi = 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb01871.x }}</ref>
| excretion = s [[seč]]em: 94 %<ref name="pmid3962845">{{cite journal | vauthors = Garnett WR | title = Diphenhydramine | journal = American Pharmacy | volume = NS26 | issue = 2 | pages = 35–40 | date = februar 1986 | pmid = 3962845 | doi = 10.1016/s0095-9561(16)38634-0 }}</ref><br />z [[blato]]m: 6 %<ref name="pmid3962845" />
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 58-73-1
| ATC_prefix = D04
| ATC_suffix = AA32
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|D04|AA33}}, {{ATC|R06|AA02}}
| PubChem = 3100
| IUPHAR_ligand = 1224
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB01075
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 2989
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 8GTS82S83M
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00669
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 4636
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 657
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=17 | H=21 | N=1 | O=1
| molecular_weight = 255,355
| SMILES = O(CCN(C)C)C(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C17H21NO/c1-18(2)13-14-19-17(15-9-5-3-6-10-15)16-11-7-4-8-12-16/h3-12,17H,13-14H2,1-2H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}

<!-- Definicija, klinična uporaba -->
'''Dífenhidramín''' je klasični neselektivni [[antihistaminik]] za sistemsko zdravljenje, ki deluje kot [[zaviralci histaminskega receptorja H1|zaviralec na receptorjih H1]].<ref name=SMS/><ref name=AHSP2016/> Deluje [[antiemetik|antiemetično]] (blaži siljenje na [[bruhanje]]), antipruritično (blaži [[srbež]]) in [[sedativ]]no (pomirjevalno)<ref name=SMS>https://www.termania.net/slovarji/slovenski-medicinski-slovar/5511900/difenhidramin?query=difenhidramin&SearchIn=All Slovenski medicinski e-slovar, vpogled: 19. 8. 2020.</ref> ter se uporablja za zdravljenje [[alergija|alergij]],<ref name=AHSP2016/> pa tudi proti [[nespečnost]]i, za blaženje [[tresavica|tresavice]] pri [[parkinsonizem|parkinsonizmu]] ter proti [[slabost]]i.<ref name=AHSP2016/> Uporablja se [[peroralna pot uporabe|z zaužitjem]], [[intramuskularna pot uporabe|v mišico]], [[intravenska pot uporabe|intravensko]], [[topična aplikacija|topično]] in [[rektalna pot uporabe|rektalno]].<ref name=AHSP2016/> Maksimalni učinek nastopi približno dve uri po odmerjanju ter lahko učinkuje do sedem ur.<ref name=AHSP2016>{{navedi splet|title=Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/diphenhydramine-hydrochloride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=28. 8. 2016|date=6. 9. 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915002404/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/diphenhydramine-hydrochloride.html|archivedate=15. 9. 2016}}</ref>

<!-- Neželeni učinki -->
Med pogoste neželene učinke spadajo [[zaspanost]], težave s koordinacijo in [[slabost]].<ref name=AHSP2016/> Uporaba pri majhnih otrocih in pri starostnikih se ne priporoča.<ref name=AHSP2016/><ref name=schroeck2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schroeck JL, Ford J, Conway EL, Kurtzhalts KE, Gee ME, Vollmer KA, Mergenhagen KA | title = Review of Safety and Efficacy of Sleep Medicines in Older Adults | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 38 | issue = 11 | pages = 2340–2372 | date = november 2016 | pmid = 27751669 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.09.010 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Glede uporabe med [[nosečnost]]jo niso poznana posebna tveganja, med [[dojenje]]m se pa uporaba difenhidramina odsvetuje.<ref>{{navedi splet|title=Diphenhydramine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/diphenhydramine.html|website=Drugs.com|accessdate=28. 9. 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002114958/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/diphenhydramine.html|archivedate=2. 10. 2016}}</ref> 

Poleg glavnega antihistaminskega delovanja izkazuje tudi [[antiholinergik|antiholinergičen]] učinek.<ref>{{navedi knjigo|last1=Ayd|first1=Frank J.|title=Lexicon of Psychiatry, Neurology, and the Neurosciences|date=2000|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-2468-5 | page = 332 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ea_QVG2BFy8C&pg=PA332  | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908214041/https://books.google.ca/books?id=ea_QVG2BFy8C&pg=PA332 | archive-date = 8. 9. 2017}}</ref>

<!-- Zgodovina in družba -->
Difenhidramin je odkril [[George Rieveschl]], komercialno so ga začeli uporabljati leta 1946.<ref>{{navedi knjigo|last1=Dörwald|first1=Florencio Zaragoza|title=Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists: Pharmacokinetic Properties of Functional Groups and Organic Compounds |date = 2013 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-3-527-64565-7 | page = 225 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YTeY9ZEfNccC&pg=PA225 | url-status = live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002085621/https://books.google.ca/books?id=YTeY9ZEfNccC&pg=PA225|archivedate=2. 10. 2016}}</ref><ref>{{navedi splet|title=Benadryl|url=http://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Benadryl?rec=2591|website=Ohio History Central|accessdate=28. 9. 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017192649/http://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Benadryl?rec=2591|archivedate=17. 10. 2016}}</ref> Na voljo so [[generično zdravilo|generična (večizvorna) zdravila]].<ref name=AHSP2016/> Prodaja se pod različnimi zaščitenimi imeni,<ref name=AHSP2016/> na slovenskem tržišču pa ni registriranega zdravila s to učinkovino.<ref>http://www.cbz.si/cbz/bazazdr2.nsf/Search?SearchView&Query=(%5BSEZNAMUCINKNAZIV%5D=_difenhidramin*)&SearchOrder=4&SearchMax=301 Centralna baza zdravil, vpogled: 19. 8. 2020.</ref> 

== Sklici ==
{{sklici

}}[[Kategorija:Zaviralci receptorja H1]]