DBMS Tutorial – Learn Database Management System

Database Management System (DBMS) is a software used to manage data from a database.

• A database is a structured collection of data that is stored in an electronic device. The data can be text, video, image or any other format.
• A relational database stores data in the form of tables and a NoSQL database in the form of key-value pairs.
• SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for accessing and manipulating data in a relational database.
• A DBMS is a software that allows to create, update and retrieval of data in an organized way. It also provides security to the database.
• Examples of relational DBMS are MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Postgre SQL and Snowflake.
• Examples of NoSQL DBMS are MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB and Redis.

In this Database Management System tutorial, you’ll learn basic to advanced topics like the ER model, Relational Model, Relation Algebra, Normalization, File Organization, etc.

Introduction

1. Need For DBMS
2. DBMS Introduction
3. DBMS Architecture (1, 2 and 3 Tier)

Entity Relationship Model

1. ER Model
2. Enhanced ER Model
3. Minimization of ER Diagram
4. Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation
5. Recursive Relationships

Relational Model and Functional Dependencies

1. Relational Model
2. Keys (Candidate, Super, Primary, Alternate and Foreign)
3. Functional Dependency and Attribute Closure
4. Finding Attribute Closure and Candidate Keys using Functional Dependencies
5. Armstrong’s Axioms in Functional Dependency
6. Equivalence of Functional Dependencies
7. Canonical Cover
8. Anomalies in Relational Model
9. Mapping from ER Model to Relational Model
10. Strategies for Schema design
11. Schema Integration

>> Quiz on ER and Relational Model

Normalization

1. Introduction
2. Normal Forms
3. Minimum relations satisfying 1NF
4. The Problem of redundancy in Database
5. Dependency Preserving Decomposition
6. Lossless Join Decomposition
7. Lossless Join and Dependency Preserving Decomposition
8. How to find the Highest Normal Form of a Relation
9. Introduction of 4th and 5th Normal form
10. Domain Key normal form
11. Denormalization in Databases
12. DBMS | Data Replication

>> Quiz on Normal Forms

Relational Algebra and Calculus

1. Introduction
2. Basic Operators
3. Extended Operators
4. Inner Join vs Outer Join
5. Join operation Vs nested query
6. Tuple Relational Calculus
7. Row oriented vs. column oriented data stores
8. How to solve Relational Algebra Problems for GATE

Transactions and Concurrency Control

1. Introduction
2. ACID Properties
3. Concurrency Control -Introduction
4. Types of Schedules
5. Conflict Serializability
6. View Serializability
7. How to test if two schedules are View Equal or not ?
8. Recoverability of Schedules
9. Precedence Graph for testing Conflict Serializability
10. Transaction Isolation Levels in DBMS
11. Implementation of Locking in DBMS
12. Lock Based Protocol
13. Graph Based Protocol
14. Two Phase Locking (2-PL)
15. Multiple Granularity Locking
16. Thomas Write Rule
17. Polygraph to check View Serializability
18. Log based recovery
19. Timestamp Ordering Protocols
20. TimeStamp and Deadlock Prevention Schemes
21. Dirty read in SQL
22. Database Recovery Techniques
23. Starvation in DBMS
24. Deadlock in DBMS
25. DBMS | OLAP vs OLTP
26. Types of OLAP Systems
27. Types of Recoverability of Schedules and easiest way to test schedule | Set 2

>> Quiz on Transactions and concurrency control

Indexing, B and B+ trees

1. Indexing and its Types
2. B-Tree | Set 1 (Introduction)
3. B-Tree | Set 2 (Insert)
4. B-Tree | Set 3 (Delete)
5. B+ Tree (Introduction)
6. Bitmap Indexing
7. Inverted Index
8. Difference between Inverted Index and Forward Index
9. SQL queries on clustered and non-clustered Indexes

>> Practice questions on B and B+ Trees
>> Quizzes on Indexing, B and B+ Trees

File Organization

1. File Organization – Set 1
2. File Organization – Set 2 (Hashing in DBMS)
3. File Organization – Set 3
4. File Organization – Set 4

>> Quiz on File structures

Advanced Topics

1. Multimedia Database
2. RAID
3. Query Optimization
4. How to store a password in database?
5. Storage Area Networks
6. Network attached storage
7. ODBMS – Definition and overview
8. Difference between RDBMS and HBase
9. Challenges of database security
10. Federated database management system issues
11. Distributed Database System
12. Functions of Distributed Database System
13. Semantic Heterogeneity
14. Advantages of Distributed database
15. Comparison – Centralized, Decentralized and Distributed Systems
16. Characteristics of Biological Data (Genome Data Management)
17. Data Management issues in Mobile database
18. Future Works in Geographic Information System
19. Difference between Structured, Semi-structured and Unstructured data
20. Web Information Retrieval | Vector Space Model

Data Warehouse and Data Mining

1. Star Schema in Data Warehouse modeling
2. Data Warehouse Modeling | Snowflake Schema
3. Dimensional Data Modeling
4. Data Warehousing
5. Data Warehouse Architecture
6. Characteristics and Functions of Data warehouse
7. Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses
8. Data Mining
9. Data Mining | KDD process
10. Data Mining | Sources of Data that can be mined
11. Data Marts
12. Architecture of HBase
13. Apache HBase
14. Architecture and Working of Hive
15. Apache Hive
16. Difference between Hive and HBase

Interview Questions

1. DBMS interview questions | Set 1
2. DBMS interview questions | Set 2
3. SQL Interview Questions
4. SQL Query Interview Questions
5. PostgreSQL Interview Questions
6. PL/SQL Intevriew Questions

SQL Tutorial

1. SQL | Tutorial
2. Quiz on SQL

Misc Topics

1. DBMS Interfaces
2. Categories of DBMS Users
3. Data Abstraction and Data Independence
4. Database Objects
5. Impedance Mismatch

DBMS practices questions

1. Database Management Systems | Set 1
2. Database Management Systems | Set 2
3. Database Management Systems | Set 3
4. Database Management Systems | Set 4
5. Database Management Systems | Set 5
6. Database Management Systems | Set 6
7. Database Management Systems | Set 7
8. Database Management Systems | Set 8
9. Database Management Systems | Set 9
10. Database Management Systems | Set 10
11. Database Management Systems | Set 11

Advantages of DBMS

There are some following reasons to learn DBMS:

• Organizing and management of data: DBMS helps in managing large amounts of data in an organized manner. It provides features like create, edit, delete, and read.
• Data Security: DBMS provides Security to the data from the unauthorized person.
• Improved decision-making: From stored data in the database we can generate graphs, reports, and many visualizations which helps in decision-making.
• Consistency: In a traditional database model all things are manual or inconsistent, but DBMS enables to automation of the operations by queries.

Disadvantages of DBMS

• Complexity: DBMS can be hard to design, implement, and manage, needing specialized knowledge.
• Cost: High setup costs, including hardware, software, and skilled personnel, can be expensive. Ongoing maintenance adds to the cost.
• Performance Overhead: DBMS might slow down simple tasks due to their extra features and general-purpose nature.
• Security Risks: Centralizing data can create security risks. If the system is hacked, all data could be compromised.
• Resource Intensive: DBMS need a lot of memory, storage, and processing power, which can be costly.
• Data Integrity Issues: Complex systems can lead to data integrity problems if not managed well.

Conclusion

Understanding Database Management Systems (DBMS) is essential for managing and organizing data effectively. This DBMS tutorial has introduced you to key concepts like database models, SQL queries, normalization, and data security. With this knowledge, you can design efficient databases, maintain data integrity, and improve performance.

Quick Links:

1. Last Minutes Notes(LMNs) on DBMS
2. Quizzes on DBMS
3. Practice Problems on DBMS

Database Management System(DBMS) - FAQs

What is Database?

A database is a collection of organized data which can easily be created, updated, accessed, and managed. Records are kept maintained in tables or objects. A tuple (row) represents a single entry in a table. DBMS manipulates data from the database in the form of queries given by the user.

What are different languages present in DBMS?

• DDL (Data Definition Language) : These are the collection of commands which are required to define the database.
  E.g., CREATE, ALTER, RENAME, TRUNCATE, DROP, etc.
• DML (Data Manipulation Language) : These are the collection of commands which are required to manipulate the data stored in a database.
  E.g., SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE, etc.
• DCL (Data Control Language) : These are the collection of commands which are dealt with the user permissions and controls of the database system.
  E.g, GRANT, and REVOKE.
• TCL (Transaction Control Language) : These are the collection of commands which are required to deal with the transaction of the database.
  E.g., COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

What are the ACID properties in DBMS?

The full form of ACID is Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability these are the properties of DBMS that ensure a safe and secure way of sharing data among multiple users.
A – Atomic: All changes to the data must be performed successfully or not at all.
C – Consistent: Data must be in a consistent state before and after the transaction.
I – Isolated: No other process can change the data while the transaction is going on.
D – Durable: The changes made by a transaction must persist.

What are the Advantages of DBMS?

The followings are the few advantages of DBMS :

• Data Sharing: Data from the same database can be shared by multiple users at the same time.
• Integrity: It allows the data stored in an organized and refined manner.
• Data Independence: It allows changing the data structure without changing the composition of executing programs.
• Data Security: DBMS comes with the tools to make the storage and transfer of databases secure and reliable. Authentication and encryption are the tools used in DBMS for data security.

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• GATE CS
• DBMS
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