Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St.
Mary Axe
Location: London, England
Latitude/Longitude:
N51.54°/W0.3°
Annual Precipitation:
~52" per year
Building Type:
Commercial High-Rise
Statistics:
Rentable space 252,025 sq. ft.
Estimated actual area
~500,000 sq. ft. Source: <http://www.hearstcorp.
com/tower/images/foster.jpg>
Floors: 40 floors
Height: 179.8 meters
Completion Date:
September 2003 Source: <http://www.arup.com>
Client:
Swiss Re Reinsurance Company
Design Team:
Foster and Partners
Source: <http://www.architecture.com/imageLibrary/jpeg330/5984.jpg>
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
The Swiss Re Reinsurance Company contracted Foster and
Partners to create a design for the site that was not only
spectacular and engaging, but for the building to be
sustainable, amplifying the attributes of the site instead of
merely conforming to them. The client wished for the
building to stand out in contrast from the hard-lined façades
of decades past that neighbor the building. The philosophy
of the design team was that innovation in building and form
come from development of new technologies and techniques
Source: for building. The seemingly expressionist façade was actually
Skyscrapers:
Structure and
developed through air flow testing (ARUP engineering). This
Design design proved the best, maximizing air flow around the
above: p30 building. It also decreased the size of the footprint of the
right: p33 building, allowing for a very accessible public plaza at
ground level.
The integration of very finely tuned construction methods
and the new resources that humankind has developed fueled
the design. The structure is made up of a “Diagrid,”
comprised of steel pieces coming together at triangular
nodes to support the outer weight of the structure. This
design allows for uninterrupted office interiors with
revolving triangular atriums that connect the spaces floor-to-
floor and allow for ventilation. Because of the façade and
double-wall structure of the building, an all-glass façade was
chosen to maximize sun exposure.
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
The “egg” shape of the building lends largely to the
sustainable approach that the design team took to this
project. Not only does it reduce the amount of volatile winds
at pedestrian level, but with smoother air flows through the
area, there is less heat loss over the surface of the building.
This low-pressure system also allows the designers to have
large light wells at heights that would be otherwise
unfeasible. Because the building is designed for and relies on
office equipment and occupants to heat the space, it was
projected by the design team that the building could be
naturally ventilated 40% of the year.
The steel nodes used in the construction of the frame of the
building also had to be tested and simulated in order to make
absolutely sure that the building would fit together and
perform properly. This methodology is referred to as
“Precambering.” The design team constructed mock-ups of
the structural connections, and then using sophisticated
computers, calculated the amount of deflection and
compaction that would take place over 40 stories of
construction.
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/construction.asp>
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
The building is composed of a double-wall system. The outer
wall is a double-glazed glass wall composed of mullions and
triangular-shaped window pieces. The inner wall is made of
sliding glass doors (accessible only by maintenance). In
between the two walls is a space and a row of horizontal
shading devices. This design allows for a ventilation chimney Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/
to ventilate the whole building. Each floor is rotated 5 accomm.asp>
degrees from the floor above or below it, allowing up to 6
floors to be attached by the vertical light wells. The double
wall contains venting flaps, built into the triangular façade, to
allow hot air to travel up and out the building. There is a
built-in heat exchange system built into the ceiling of each
floor unit, with exchangers for cooling of spaces, running off
a cold-water well for summer months.
Source:<http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/
accomm.asp>
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp?imgSec=1>
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
The environmental control systems for the building are
all located above the lounge/restaurant at the top of the
building. This spectrum of sensors allows the building
to adjust how much hot air is being let out at any one
time. Thus far the notion that the building might be
naturally ventilated for 40% of the year has not been
tested partly because, while remaining sustainable,
every floor is built to renter needs and the heating and
conditioning system can be overridden.
One of the aspects of this building that has apparently
failed is the rather abstract floor and space plan that
the building offers its renters. On the open market this
space plan has proven to deter renters instead of
intrigue them.
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp>
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
360 steel nodes connect the “Diagrid.”
Maximum load per diagonal column—1,500 tonnes
Over 2,500 tonnes of steel were used in the construction of
the building.
Tallest lounge/restaurant in London providing a 360° view
of the cityscape.
55 km of steel were used on this project.
Over 76,400 square meters of office space are available for
Source: <http://www.spacesyntax.com/images/
th_pics/photo_30stmarys218.jpg>
use.
At any one time 378 people can be transported vertically at
Awards up to 6 meters per second.
Stirling Prize, 2004 The core-to perimeter dimension varies from 6.4 meters to
13.1 meters.
Special Steel Award, 2004
Best Central London Office Development, 2004—
IAS/OAS
Emporis Skyscraper Award, 2003
Best British Innovation, 2003
Walpold award for British Excellence, 2003
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
Bibliography
Lepik, Andres. Skyscrapers. New York: Prestel, 2004.
Sewing, Werner. Architecture: Sculpture. London: Prestel, 2004.
Wells, Matthew. Skyscrapers: Structure and Design. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
<http://www.arup.com>
<http://www.fosterandpartners.com>
<http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk>
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
Source:
<http://journeyplanner.tfl.gov.uk/user/XSLT_TRIP_REQUEST2?language=en&sessionI
D=JP02_2969186704&requestID=1&tripSelector1=1&itdLPxx_view=detail&tripSelectio
n=on&command=nop>
Case Study by Michael Smith, Spring 2006
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp?imgSec=3>
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp?imgSec=3>
Swiss Re—The Gherkin—30 St. Mary Axe
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp?imgSec=3>
Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp?imgSec=3> Source: <http://www.30stmaryaxe.co.uk/photo.asp?imgSec=3>
