“ Transforming Live, Inventing Future ’’

A
Mini Project On
Simple Fire Alarm System
By
Patil Shubhangi R.
Chaudhari Dipti M.
Patil Hemangi V.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

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 A
Mini Project Report
On
Simple Fire Alarm System
In
ELECTRONICS AND TELE COMMUNICATION
Submitted By
Patil Shubhangi R.
Chaudhari Dipti M.
Patil Hemangi V.

Under The Guidance of

Prof.G.S.Somani

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “ Simple Fire Alarm System” has
been carried out by the mean under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics Tele Communication of Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere during the academic year 2019-20 .

Team:

Patil Shubhangi R.

Chaudhari Dipti M.

Patil Hemangi V.

Date:

Place: Jalgaon

Guide HOD
Prof.G.S.Somani Prof.S.S.patil

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 Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the HOD Mr.
S.S.Patil and guide Ms.G.S.Somani ,for the help guidance and
encouragement, provided during the mini project Simple Fire Alarm
System. He constantly gave me helpful suggestions during each phase of
the development of the mini project more over he was really available
and patient . I really appreciated the attentions he paid to me certainly
the technical discussions I had with him were very beneficial .
I would like to thank our respected Principal fir his support and
providing all necessary facilities to me.
Last but not least I would like to thank all Staff Members of
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and I
would also like to thank to my classmates and friends for the wonderful
time we had together.

Patil Shubhangi R.
Chaudhari Dipti M.
Patil Hemangi V.

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 PAGE INDEX
Sr no.

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 FIGURE INDEX

Sr
no.

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 ABASTRACT

This project is a prototype of fire alarm system .It works on principle of detection
of fire by sensing the rise in temperature. Fire Alarm Circuits are very important
devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people or
property. Fire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the security systems
which help in detecting or preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems and
Smoke Sensors in commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres, shopping
malls and other public places is compulsory. Fire Alarm Circuit in the form of
stand-alone devices, but we have designed five very simple Fire Alarm Circuits
using common components like 10k Thermistor, 4.7k resistor, LM358 op-amp,
10k pot & buzzer .The most essential electronic device at home or industry or any
other place where there is a chance of fire accident is a fire alarm circuit. The fire
alarm circuit can be defined as an electronic circuit used for identifying fire
accident and alert. Thus, by using the fire alarm circuit, we can avoid financial loss
and also save people from dangerous fire accidents.

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 INTRODUCTION
A Fire alarm system has number of devices working together to
detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when
smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These
alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat
detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation
devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either
motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns.
They can also which sound an alarm followed by a voice
evacuation message which warms people inside the building not to use
the elevators. Fire alarms sounders can be set to certain frequencies and
different tones including low, medium and high depending on the
country and manufacturer of the device. Most fire alarm systems in
Europe sound like a siren with alternating frequencies.
Automatically actuated devices can take many forms intended to
respond to any number of detectable physical changes associated with
fire converted thermal energy, heat detector products of combustion,
smoke detector, radiant energy , flame detector, fire gas detector.
Manuallly actuated devices also known as fire alarm boxes, manual
pull stations or simply pull stations, break glass stations , and call points.
Devices for manual fire alarm activation are installed to be readily
located identified and operated .

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
It was the Ancient Greeks and Romans who set the first fire alarm
system standards the simple method of applying water to fire. Quickly
to extinguish it specifically their creation was a fire extinguisher and
pump a prototype to the fire alarm we think of today.
By the 16th century it was quickly understood within most
civilizations a water supply must be kept close by quickly accessible in
case of a fire. Eventually larger communities and cities needed better
ways warn others from further distance.
By the late 1800s the electric fire alarm system was invented. This
was the first time a thermostat could detect heat and trigger the sprinkler
system to displace a fire. This was also the birth of fire protection
services. As the protection services grew so did the technology of the
fire alarm system.
Today, the newest development of the fire alarm system has been
the addressable head. Before the addressable head there was an
alphanumeric what zone was being affected. If the system goes down
time key is key to restoring fire protection to the building. So the
addressable head system is quicker and more accurate.

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 TECHNICAL DETAILS

 System Description
FAS cocnsist of 3 numbers of fire alarm control panel each having
04 loops and expandable up to 10 loops . It is comprised of various
detectors and devices intelligent multi criteria detector ,intelligent
addressable ventilation duct detector , intelligent addressable monitor
control, detector test kit.

 General Operating Condition

Temperature Range: 5c to 60c for detector
Relative Humidity 0% to 55% for sounders etc.
Air changes: 1 Air changes per hour

 Power Supply
The mains power supply available to the electrical loads of the system is
230V ,1 phase AC.
The FACP shall have inbuilt chargers and batteries.

 Corrosion Resistant Coating

The electronic circuit used in the system shall have proper coating to
have resistance humidity and corrosion which prevents the operation
from being impaired by dust and dirt.

 University
The detectors shall be of universal type for all kinds of a smoke and
shall be equipped with suitable bayonet type of locking with its base.

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  Location Information
Fire, Fault & service alarm
Details of the location like zone no, loop no, device no and building no.

 Wiring
On fault like short circuit , open circuit or earth fault in the loop , the
faulty portion is isolated by the in built isolator provided with each
device.

 Status Monitoring of devices

Every device constantly checks it own status and sends status
information to the FACP.

 Detector Test Unit

The smoke detector test units shall be designed to functionally test
smoke detectors. Extension poles shall enable to reach to be extended up
to 6.5m.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

1.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM -

Fig1.1 Circuit Diagram of Simple Fire Alarm System

1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 CIRCUIT OPERATION :
First thing to know is that the main component in detecting the fire
is Thermistor. As we mentioned in the component description the
thermistor used here is a NTC type thermistor. If the temperature
increases the resistance of the thermistor decreases.
In case of fire, the temperature increases. This increase in
temperature will reduce the resistance of the thermistor .As the
resistance decreases, the output of the voltage divider will increase .
Since the output of the voltage divider is given to the non inverting input
of the LM358 OP-AMP, its value will become more than that of the
inverting input. As a result the output of the OP-AMP becomes high and
it activates the buzzer.
This circuit alerts us when there is a fire accident at home by ringing
a siren sound. You might have seen fire alarms earlier but this is quite
different as it generates a siren sound instead of a buzzer and also it uses
basic components to generate that siren sound.
We are aware that there are many integrated circuits which can be used
to generate siren effect but we preferred to use basic electronics
components like resistors, capacitors and transistors to generate it so that
you will clerly understand the internal working of it and it will be much
useful for you as you will gain more knowledge by analyzing it instead
of simply going for pre designed integrated circuits.

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 PCB DESIGN:
All the components are soldered using soldering and are fixed on PCB.
the PCB layout process used for designing printed circuit boards for use
in electronics equipment and the associated PCB software.
Printed Circuit Board PCBs from an essential part of any electronics
equipment these days. The PCB design and layout forms an integral part
of the design of the whole product and it can be the key to the success of
the product meeting its performance requirements in many instances.
PCB technology has progressed significantly in recent years. The design
technology has improved with PCB system and & PCB software to
layout the boards better and also analyze the performance under
conditions such as the operation at high frequencies. In addition to this
the technology for the manufacture of PCB has improved enabling for
smaller tracks to be used as well as incorporating features such as
multilayer boards with blind via,etc.
PCB DESIGN EQUIPMENT
In the early days of PCBs the design and layout was undertaken
manually using tape that was placed onto translucent film. Theses PCB
designs were normally four times the required size and they were
photographically reduced onto a 1;1 film for the PCB production
process.

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PCB Diagram

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 Result
By using Fire alarm system the application was successfully
demonstrated and the circuit price is reasonable.

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 System costing

Serial No. Components Quantity Cost (in Rs.)

1. Resistor 4.7K 1 2
2. Battery 9V 1 40
3. Thermistor 10K 1 5
4. Potentiometer 10K 1 20
5. LM358 OP-AMP 1 10
6. Buzzer 1 30
7. PCB 1 30

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 ADVANTAGES
 .Early warning benefit
 .Low cost.
 .The opportunity to place the device in chosen
locations.
 Fire Alarm Systems can work as a stand – alone
devices or be a part of a complex home security
system.


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 Applications

 Schools
 Colleges
 Shopping malls
 Movie theatres
 Banks
 Office
 laboratory

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 Conclusion
A fire alarm system is a device that detects the presence
of fire.The fire alarm operates to alert people to evacuate
a location in which a fire accumulation is present.A fire
alarm system is a part of complete security system. When
functioning properly,a fire alaram will sound to notify
people of an immediate fire emergency.For most fire
alarms, when sounded,bell or buzzer is made .This
distinct sound exists to allow the notification t be
heard.The fire alarm constructed by this project work is
reliable at low cost.

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 Future scope
 Controlling various household devices of house with
internet
 Industrial automation and management through
internet.
 Machine driven fireplace exit systems.
 Improvement of security problems in extremely
restricted areas.

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