Service

Workshop Manual
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ ,
Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ ,
Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ,
Caddy Pickup olksw
agen 1997 ➤
AG. Volkswagen AG d
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y V gu
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rise

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itte

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Transporter 2010 ➤ ,

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Transporter 2016 ➤ , Zugkopf 2010 ➤
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information
rrectne
Edition 07.2015
ss o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

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Service Department. Technical Information

 Service
List of Workshop Manual Repair Groups

Repair Group
44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

n AG. Volkswagen AG do
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Technical information should always be available to the foremen and mechanics, because their
careful and constant adherence to the instructions is essential to ensure vehicle road-worthiness and
safety. In addition, the normal basic safety precautions for working on motor vehicles must, as a
matter of course, be observed.

All rights reserved.

No reproduction without prior agreement from publisher.

Copyright © 2015 Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg K0056560120

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Contents
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
wage
44 - Wheels,Voltyres, vehicle geometryot g.u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ks sn e
by ara
ed
1horis General notes on wheels and tyres (commercial
nte
eo vehicles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 1
t
au ra
ss 2 Legislative and technical conditions for converting
c wheel and tyre combinations ........ 3
2.1 Legislative conditions for converting wheel and tyre combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

ce
le
un

pt
an
2.2 Technical conditions for converting wheel and tyre combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
d
itte

y li
erm

2.3 Additional wheel housing extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

ab
ility
ot p

2.4 “Series 80” tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

wit
is n

3 Documents and codes/designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

h re
ole,

spec
3.1 New vehicle registration documents since 01.10.2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
urposes, in part or in wh

3.2 COC document (EEC Certificate of Conformity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

t to the co
4 Official type designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1 Official type approval, sales or trade designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

rrectne
5 EU tyre label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1 EU tyre label, summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

ss
5.2 EU tyre label, objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

o
cial p

f in
5.3 EU tyre label, categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

form
mer

6 Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

atio
om

6.1 Useful information regarding tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

n
15
c

i
or

6.2 Tyre wear/ mileage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

thi
te

sd
va

6.3 Tyre noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

i

o
pr

cum
r

6.4 Rough running caused by wheels/tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

fo

en
ng

t.
yi
6.5 Vehicle pulls to one side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Co
Cop py
6.6 Tyre damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
t. rig
gh ht
yri by
6.7 Useful information about rims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
cop Vo
by lksw
cted agen
6.8 Fitting and removing wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prote AG.
58
6.9 Breakdown set for VW Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
7 Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Contents i
 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
V gu
d by ara
ise nte
or eo
h
aut ra
ss c

ce
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an
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rm

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pe

ility
ot

wit
, is n

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es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i
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com

tion in
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te o

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cted agen
Prote AG.

ii Contents
 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

44 – Wheels, tyres, vehicle agen geometry

AG. gen AG Volkswa
does
olksw not
yV gu b ara
ed nte
ris
1 General notes on wheels and tyres tho e or
au ac
ss
(commercial vehicles)

ce
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un

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an
d
itte
(VRL008224; Edition 07.2015)

y li
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ab
ility
This information is intended to help you form an opinion as precise ot p

wit
and accurate as possible in cases of tyre damage and other com‐
is n

h re
plaints.
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

In this chapter you will learn more about tyres and wheels/rims.

t to the co
Tyres are high-tech products that are especially adapted to the
requirements of modern vehicles.

rrectne
As with all highly developed technical products, tyres require
proper care, maintenance and service. This is essential to ensure
safety, performance and comfort for the entire service life of the

ss o
tyre.
cial p

f inform
Tyres are constantly being further developed. Quality tyres are
mer

the result of modern design methods and production processes,

atio
m

as well as continuous quality checks. All tyres that are recom‐

o

n
c

i
mended by VW have been tested by the technical development
or

n thi
e

department and have been designed specifically for each model

t

sd
va

in collaboration with the tyre manufacturers.

i

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

We therefore recommend fitting only the recommended tyre

t.
yi Co
makes when renewing tyres. Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
yri
Vehicle safety is the top priority. With regard to the various oper‐ p by
co Vo
lksw
ating conditions such as
by
cted agen
Prote AG.
• differing speed ranges,
• winter and summer use and
• wet and dry roads,
the optimal compromise for vehicle safety must be found.
Every tyre is subjected to a wide range of different driving condi‐
tions over its entire service life. It is therefore important that the
basic requirements for ensuring optimal tyre performance are
met.
Proper adjustment of the axle geometry during wheel alignment
is an important prerequisite for ensuring the maximum service life
of the tyre. The wheel alignment must always be within the speci‐
fied tolerance range.
Information for wheel alignment ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering;
Rep. gr. 44 .

Note

Tyre damage and related problems can have various causes. It

is, therefore, very important that you determine whether the prob‐
lem has been caused by the tyre or by other components.

Normal wear and tear on a tyre will alter its characteristics. Rolling
noises or rough running can be the result of such wear. These are
simply the symptoms of normal wear and tear and do not consti‐
tute damage in the sense of the tyre being defective. You can take
measures to eliminate the symptoms at least to some degree.
However, in some cases it may not be possible to eliminate tyre
noise completely.

1. General notes on wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 1

 n AG. Volkswagen AG do
lkswage es n
o ot g
byV ua
d ran
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Amarokth 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ e,oCaddy 2016 ➤
o te
, Caddy Kas ...
u ra
Wheels
ss
a
and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition c 07.2015

ce
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un

pt
Special models

an
d
itte

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erm

ab
Special models are only partly represented in the tables in ap‐

ility
ot p

pendix 2 or appendix for parts certificate. Modification of these

wit
is n

vehicles depends on the engine capacity of the basic model.

h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
rrectness o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

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iva

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cum
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en
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t.
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Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

2 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

2 Legislative and technical conditions

for converting wheel and tyre combi‐
nations

2.1 Legislative conditions for converting

wheel and tyre combinations
The manufacturer is issued with a general operating permit (GTA
in accordance with § 20 StVZO (German road traffic and licensing
regulations) and EU operating permit) for the overall vehicle with
all parts for specific conversions.
Conversions of wheels and tyres can only be carried out under
certain conditions. When doing this, the following points must be
observed:
♦ If the size of wheel and tyre, with an indication of the load index
and the speed symbol, is included in the vehicle GTA and EU
operating permit/type approval ⇒ page 6 , this wheel and
tyre combination can be fitted on the vehicle without any prob‐
lem.
It is not necessary for the wheel and tyre A combination specified
G. Volkswagen AG d
in the registration certificate part I (certificate
kswagen of registration)oeto
s nbe
fitted. All combinations approved Vol
by in the vehicle GTA or EU oper‐guar
ot
d
ating permit/type approvalor⇒ is page 6 may be fitted to the
e an
tee
vehicle. au
th or
a
ss c
♦ There is no general type approval according to § 22 StVZO for
ce
le
un

pt
the modifications recommended by Volkswagen AG (see at‐
an
d
itte

tachment or Appendix 2 to Parts Certificate).

y li
erm

ab
ility

♦ Unless the wheels and/or tyres are included in the relevant

ot p

wit

vehicle GTA or EU operating permit/type approval, the vehicle

is n

h re

will no longer meet the requirements of the road traffic regu‐

ole,

lations if converted.
spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co

These versions are based on the conditions valid in the European

Union and no guarantee can be provided for their completeness.
In some cases there are different legislative requirements outside
the European Union.
rrectne

The table included in the attachment or Appendix 2 to Parts Cer‐

s

tificate shows the Volkswagen AG recommended and TÜV

s o

NORD Mobilität GmbH Co. KG tested wheel and tyre combina‐

cial p

f in

tions on VW vehicles and also the conditions to be observed for

form
mer

fitting. The use of genuine disc-type wheels on a vehicle to which

atio

they have not been allocated is not permissible.

om

n
c

i
or

The list of possible conversions deals with combinations that meet

thi
te

sd

the requirements of Volkswagen AG with regards to road handling

iva

o
r

and road safety. They are the result of practical trials and are
p

cum
r
fo

therefore recommended by Volkswagen AG.

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
Refer also to the new vehicle registration documents that were
C py
t. rig
gh
issued from 01.10.2005 ⇒ page 5 .
ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c lksw
2.2 Technical conditions for converting
cted agen
Prote AG.

wheel and tyre combinations

• The wheel and tyre combinations and conversions listed in the
tables of the individual vehicles refer exclusively to Volkswa‐
gen genuine wheels.
• Approval of wheel and tyre combinations or a change to
wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the
parts certificate attached here.

2. Legislative and technical conditions for converting wheel and tyre combinations 3
 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

• Tubeless radial tyres may only be fitted to rims with a safety

hump feature on the shoulder.
• If the wheel and tyre combinations listed are used, the asso‐
ciated tyre inflation pressures must be adhered to. The tyre
inflation pressure for summer tyres can be found on the sticker
on the inside of the tank flap or in the tables of the individual
vehicles.
• Sufficient clearance to the wheels and tyres at parts of the
wheel housing, suspension and braking system is assured if
the notes and specifications established in the parts certificate
are observed in all operating conditions.
• Unless otherwise stated, snow chains may be fitted only to the
drive wheels.
• The same sized wheels and tyres must be used at the front
and rear of the vehicle. On vehicles with all-wheel drive, tyres
must be of the same manufacturer and have the same tread
profile.

2.3 Additional wheel housing extensions

For technical reasons, some vehicles require wheel housing ex‐
tensions on the wing or bumper -arrows- when using certain
wheel and tyre combinations.
Please check if there is a requirement to fit the extensions.
The information is located in the overview table for the respective
vehicle.

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
V gu
d by ara
e
2.4 “Series 80” tyres ris nte
ho eo
aut ra
s c
Tyres of the “80” series (e.g. 145/80 R 13 74 S) will replace the s
ce
le

“82” series (e.g. 145/82 R 13 74 S). Legislation stipulates that “82”

un

pt
an
d

series tyres may be replaced by “80” series tyres without having

itte

y li
erm

been entered in the vehicle documents.

ab
ility
ot p

The condition for this is that the “80” series tyres have the same
wit
is n

width are of the same type – cross-ply or radial belted – and have
h re
ole,

the same or higher load index.

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

If only “80” series tyres are entered in the vehicle documents, “82”
t to the co

series tyres may only be used if an entry has been made in the
vehicle documents.
rrectness o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

4 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

3 Documents and codes/designations

3.1 New vehicle registration documents

since 01.10.2005
The implementation of EU Directive 1999/37/EU "Registration
Documents for Vehicles" in national law and legal requirements
for data protection have necessitated the introduction of new, fal‐
sification-proof registration documents.
Since 01.10.2005, only the new documents are issued by the
registration authorities in the event of new registrations, change
of ownership, registration of technical modifications and all other
matters.
The new registration documents are comprised of:
♦ Registration certificate part I, which replaces the certificate of
registration and
♦ Registration certificate part II, which replaces the vehicle log
book.
Registration certificate part I (certificate of registration)
♦ Contains all vehicle technical data which must be available to
register a vehicle in Europe; however, only one wheel and tyre
combination approved as standard is specified
♦ Contains the EU-wide, standardised, alphanumerical codes
assigned to the technical data, so that the German registration
certificate can be converted without problems into the regis‐
tration document prescribed in other EU states for registration
there Volkswa AG. gen AG
agen do
♦ Contains a field for documenting
olks
w
temporary or final immobili‐
es n
ot g
yV
sation of the vehicle, sand
ed b is therefore no longer withdrawn in ua
ran
the event of temporary
thori or final immobilisation. tee
o
au ra
c
Registration certificate
ss part II (vehicle log book)
ce
e
nl

pt
du

♦ Contains the note that the holder of the registration certificate

an
itte

y li

is not identified as the owner

erm

ab
ility
ot p

♦ Contains only the current and, if applicable, the previous ve‐

wit

hicle keeper; the actual number of former keepers is shown

, is n

h re

numerically
hole

spec

♦ Contains only a small percentage of the technical vehicle data

es, in part or in w

t to the co

♦ No longer serves to document temporary vehicle deregistra‐

tion. The vehicle and body type specified under number 1 in
the old vehicle documents will not exist in the future. In the new
rrectness of i

documents, this will be replaced by standardised EU vehicle

l purpos

classes with body type.

Introduction of the new registration documents will lead to barely
nform
ercia

any changes for the vehicle operator.

m

Like the old certificate of registration, the registration certificate

at
om

io

part I (certificate of registration) must be kept in the vehicle and

n
c

in t
r

submitted to responsible persons on request.

o

his
ate

do
riv

It is not necessary for the wheel and tyre combination specified

p

cum
or

in the registration certificate part I (certificate of registration) to be

f

en
g

fitted. All combinations approved according to the general vehicle

n

t.
yi Co
op
type approval or EU type approval ⇒ page 6 may be fitted. C py
t. rig
gh ht
yri by
The validity of a wheel and tyre combination which deviates from op Vo
by c lksw
the general vehicle type approval or EU type approval must still cted agen
Prote AG.
be verified via an entry in the registration certificate part I (certif‐
icate of registration), an installation certificate based on a part

3. Documents and codes/designations 5

 AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
ksw n t
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤by,VCaddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 o➤
ol
gu, Caddy Kas
ara
...
d
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General
orise Information - Edition 07.2015 nte
eo
th
au ra
s c
certificate or general type approval
s for the wheel and tyre combi‐

ce
le
nation.

un

pt
an
d
itte

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3.2 COC document (EEC Certificate of Con‐

erm

ab
ility
formity)
ot p

wit
is n

h re
Since 1 June, 2004, vehicle manufacturers must apply for an EU
ole,

spec
operating permit.
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
A certificate is produced on the basis of this operating permit - the
COC (Certificate of Conformity).
This document certifies that the vehicle complies with the EU op‐

rrectne
erating permit (EU type approval) and can be registered in every
EU country without an individual type approval.

ss o
The document will be issued for all vehicles that comply with the
cial p

f in
EU operating permit.

form
mer

atio
These vehicles have an EU type plate (black sticker) in the area
om

of the driver's door, or in the case of older vehicles, in the engine

n
c

i
or

n
compartment.

thi
te

sd
va

The COC document has the same value as the registration docu‐
i

o
pr

cum
r

ment and therefore the original should not be carried on the

fo

en
ng

vehicle.
t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
The COC document contains the EU general type approval num‐ yri
gh by
ht
ber and detailed technical information on the vehicle such as cop Vo
by lksw
emissions classification and all the permitted wheel and tyre com‐
cted agen
Prote AG.
binations.

6 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

4 Official type designations

Commercial vehicles licensed for road use in Germany need a
general type approval for the issue of a vehicle title document.
The type approval is issued by the Federal Ministry for Transport
in Flensburg following type inspection. This procedure was per‐
mitted until 31.12.1997 and, in exceptional cases, even after that.
Other member states of the European Union (EU) have different
procedures for issuing a document similar to the German title
document. Until 31.12.1997, each member state was entitled to
issue its own national type approvals according to its own proce‐
dures. Volkswa AG. gen AG
agen do
Since 1.1.1998, allVcommercial
olks
w
vehicles licensed
es n
owithin
t gu the Eu‐
y
ropean Union smust ed b have a type approval corresponding ara to EU
nte
guidelines ⇒ hopage 7 . Vehicles licensed for road use withe sin‐
ri
ut o
gle-vehicle
ss
a approval according to § 21 StVZO in Germany rare ac
excepted.

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
This means the same guidelines apply to all vehicle manufactur‐
itte

y li
ers. This makes it easier to trade across national borders within
erm

ab
the EU.

ility
ot p

wit
, is n

4.1 Official type approval, sales or trade designation

h re
hole

spec
In the following table, all VW vehicles which already have EU type
es, in part or in w

t to the co
approval are listed in the column "EU type".
All VW vehicles which were granted type approval according to
the procedure valid up to 31.12.97 are listed in the column "Gen‐
rrectness of i

eral type approval (GTA)"

l purpos

If entries appear in both columns "General type approval (GTA)"

and "EU type", there exist vehicles of this model which are ap‐
proved according to both the StVZO and the EU guidelines. In this
nf
ercia

case, one must first establish what sort of vehicle one has. There
rm
m

atio

are two possibilities:

om

n in
c

1. possibility
or

thi
te

sd
iva

The last page of the vehicle title includes the field “Certified holder
o
r
rp

cu

of a general type approval/EEC type approval”. Either the general

o

m
f

en
ng

type approval number of the EU type approval number is entered

t.
yi Co
here, assuming it is the original vehicle title document. This is the Cop py
t. rig
case only if the vehicle was not deregistered in the past for longer
yri
gh by
ht
than 12 months.
op Vo
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Prote
2. possibility
AG.

Check whether the general type approval number or the EU type

approval number is entered on the vehicle identification plate.
Official type designation for vehicles Sales or trade designation
with
GTA type EU type
- 2H Amarok
- 2K Caddy Life 2004 > passenger vehicle
- 2KN Caddy 2004 > with goods vehicle registration
- 9KV Caddy (Kombi)
9KVF - Caddy (panel van)
9U - Caddy (pickup)
70X0A/70X02A - Transporter panel van (T4)
70X0B - Multivan (T4)
70X02B 7DW Camper (T4)
- 7DB Multivan (T4)

4. Official type designations 7

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Official type designation for vehicles Sales or trade designation

with
GTA type EU type
70X0BL - Camper (T4)
70X02BL 7DW Camper (T4)
70X0BN/ - Ambulance (T4)
70X02BN
70X0C - Caravelle; kombi; bus (T4)
70X02C 7DB Caravelle; kombi; bus (T4)
70X0D/70X02D - Dropside; double cab; chassis cab (T4)
70X1A/70X12A - Transporter Syncro panel van (T4)
70X1B - Multivan Syncro (T4)
70X12B 7DW Camper Syncro (T4)
- 7DWA Camper (M1)
- 7DWA Camper (M1) Syncro
- 7DB Multivan Syncro (T4)
70X1BL - Camper Syncro (T4)
70X12BL 7DW Camper Syncro (T4)
70X1BN/ - Ambulance Syncro (T4)
70X12BN
70X1C - Caravelle Syncro; kombi; bus (T4)
70X12C 7DB Caravelle Syncro; kombi; bus (T4)
AG. Volkswagen AG d
70X1D/70X12D - Dropside; sw agen cab; chassis
double cab
oes(T4)
olk not
yV gu
- 7DZ Multivan,
ris
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Caravelle (with 16 inch) ara
nte
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- 7DZA auth
Camper (M1 16 inch) ra
ss c
7J0 - Transporter 2004 > goods vehicle registered dropside; double cab;
ce
e
nl

pt

chassis cab
du

an
itte

Transporter 2004 > goods vehicle registered dropside; double cab;

y li
erm

ab

chassis cab 4MOTION

ility
ot p

- 7HM Transporter 2004 > Multivan, Multivan 4MOTION, Business, Multi‐

wit
, is n

van Beach, Multivan Startline

h re
hole

spec

- 7HMA Transporter 2004 > California camper

es, in part or in w

t to the co

- 7HC Transporter 2004 > Transporter passenger vehicle

- 7HCA Transporter 2004 > Transporter passenger vehicle 4MOTION
7HK - Transporter 2004 > goods vehicle registered panel van
rrectness of i

7HKX0 - Transporter 2004 > goods vehicle registered panel van 4MOTION
l purpos

2DX0AE - LT 28/35 panel van, single wheel

2DX0FE - LT 28/35 dropside; double cab; chassis cab, single wheel
nform
ercia

2DX0AZ - LT 35/46 panel van, twin wheel

m

at
om

io

2DX0FZ - LT 35/46 dropside; double cab; chassis cab, twin wheel

n
c

in t
or

- 2DM LT 28/35 kombi, single wheel

his
ate

do
riv

- 2EC1 Crafter 2006 > Kombi

p

cum
for

en
g

- 2EC2 Crafter 2006 > Kombi

n

t.
yi Co
op
2EKE1 - Crafter 2006 > panel van
C py
t. rig
gh ht
yri by
2EKE2 - Crafter 2006 > panel van
cop Vo
by lksw
cted agen
2EKZ - Crafter 2006 > panel van
Prote AG.

2FJE1 - Crafter 2006 > vehicle chassis, dropside

2FJE2 - Crafter 2006 > vehicle chassis, dropside
2FJZ - Crafter 2006 > vehicle chassis, dropside

8 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 olkswagen AG
ag en AG. V
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy o2011
lksw ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ ,esCaddy
do
not Kas ...
yV g
Wheels and TyresseGuide
d b - General Information - Editionua07.2015
ran
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ho
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ss

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om

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Cop py
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Prote AG.

4. Official type designations 9

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

5 EU tyre label
⇒ “5.1 EU tyre label, summary”, page 10
⇒ “5.2 EU tyre label, objectives”, page 11
⇒ “5.3 EU tyre label, categories”, page 12

5.1 EU tyre label, summary

Tyre manufactures must mark their tyres according to EU regu‐
lation (EC) No. 1222/2009 (labelling of tyres) as of 01 November
2012.
The labelling of tyres regulation contains the requirements refer‐
ence markings and representation of information for rolling re‐
sistance (fuel efficiency), wet grip and external rolling noise on a
standard and approved EU label. The objective is to increase
safety and economic and environmental efficiency of road trans‐
port by promoting fuel efficient and safe tyres with low noise
levels.
The new EU tyre label contains specified data in seven categories
agen
AG. Volkswagen AG d
oes
from A to G. olksw not
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ed
There are three different categories: horis nte
e
t or
au ac
ss

ce
e

1 - Rolling resistance
nl

pt
du

an
itte

❑ Explanations

y li
erm

ab
⇒ page 12

ility
ot p

2 - Wet grip

wit
, is n

h re
❑ Explanations
hole

spec
⇒ page 13
es, in part or in w

t to the co
3 - Noise emissions
❑ Explanations
⇒ page 14

rrectness of i
l purpos

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

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priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
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Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

10 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

5.2 EU tyre label, objectives

♦ Reducing fuel consumption
♦ Increasing road safety
♦ Reducing traffic noise
The EU tyre label provides the end-user with important informa‐
tion on the properties of the tyre. It does not illustrate, however,
all decisive safety criteria.
♦ The explanation of other properties of the tyre may influence
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
the decision to purchase. lkswage es n
Vo ot g
y ua
db ran
♦ The customer should be advised of the olimited
ris
e
information on tee
the label of tyre properties, such as no
autinformation
h
concerning or
ac
winter properties for winter tyres. ss

ce
le
un

pt
♦ Tyre tests are another source of information for specialist

an
d
itte

dealers and end-users.

y li
rm

ab
pe

ility
In the tyres tests other leading factors are also tested, which
ot

wit
should be taken into account:
, is n

h re
hole

♦ Aquaplaning properties

spec
es, in part or in w

♦ Driving stability

t to the co
♦ Steering precision

rrectness of i
♦ Service life
l purpos

♦ Braking properties
♦ Behaviour in wintry conditions

nform
mercia

a
com

tion in
r
te o

thi
s
iva

do
r
rp

cum
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

5. EU tyre label 11
 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy agen2016 ➤ , Caddy
AG. Volkswagen AG dKas ...
oes
ksw not
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information -bEdition
yV
ol
07.2015 gu
a
ed ran
oris tee
5.3 EU tyre label, categories
th or
au ac
ss

ce
le
⇒ “5.3.1 EU tyre label, categories, rolling resistance”, page 12

un

pt
an
d
itte

y li
⇒ “5.3.2 EU tyre label, categories, wet grip”, page 13

erm

ab
ility
ot p
⇒ “5.3.3 EU tyre label, categories, noise emissions”, page 14

wit
is n

h re
5.3.1 EU tyre label, categories, rolling resist‐

ole,

spec
ance

urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
Definition
Rolling resistance:

rrectne
♦ Defined as, energy consumed by the tyre in respect of the
distance travelled.

ss o
cial p

f
♦ Equates to the energy lost per defined unit of distance travel‐

inform
led.
mer

atio
m

♦ The energy form can be described as the quotient of Newton

o

n
c

meter (Nm) and distance travelled in meter (m). This then pro‐

i
or

n thi
vides a rolling resistance as a form of force in Newtons (N).
te

sd
iva

o
pr

c
The rolling resistance of a tyre is then described by the coefficient

um
r
fo

of rolling resistance (also known as rolling resistance coefficient)

en
ng

t.
yi
cR:
Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
yri
cR = FR Z p by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
♦ cR - coefficient of rolling resistance
Prote AG.

♦ FR - force of rolling resistance

♦ Z - weight of vehicle (sum of all wheel loads)
Objective
♦ Reduction of rolling resistance
♦ Reduction of fuel and CO2

Evaluation
♦ Structured in fuel efficiency categories from A to G
♦ Category D is not used

Note

♦ The fuel efficiency category is listed in EU regulation (EC) No.

1222/2009, the tyre is then allocated to the respective cate‐
gory.
♦ The rolling resistance is established by the tyre manufacture
via prescribed tests.
♦ The lower the rolling resistance, the lower the fuel consump‐
tion.

A - Lowest rolling resistance = lowest fuel consumption

B - + 0.10 l / 100 km
C - + 0.12 l / 100 km
E - + 0.14 l / 100 km
F - + 0.15 l / 100 km
G - + 0.15 l / 100 km

12 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and TyresAG
Guide - aGeneral
. Volksw gen Information - Edition 07.2015
n AG do
wage es n
olks ot g
5.3.2 EU tyre label, categories, wet grip
V
by ua
ed ran
oris tee
th or
Definition au ac
ss

ce
le
The wet grip index G must be established for the wet grip. The

un

pt
wet grip index G is established using a deceleration test (distance

an
d
itte

y li
required to decelerate from 80 km/h to 20 km/h) using a standar‐

erm

ab
dised vehicle on a wet slippery surface. The test uses a prede‐

ility
ot p
fined standard reference test tyre (SRTT), with which the wet grip

wit
index G can be calculated. The calculation uses the mean fully is n

h re
ole,
developed deceleration (mfdd) produced.

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

The mean fully developed deceleration (mfdd) is calculated as

t to the co
follows:
mfdd = 231.48S

rrectne
S - the measured braking distance in metres between 80 km/h
and 20 km/h

ss o
cial p

The wet grip index G is calculated as follows:

f inform
mer

G = mfdd of tyre to be checkedmfdd of standard reference test

atio
tyre
om

n
c

i
or

n
mffd - mean fully developed deceleration

thi
te

sd
va

Objective
i

o
pr

cum
r
fo

♦ Good wet grip of tyre

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op py
♦ Greatly reduced bake distance t. C rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
Evaluation cted agen
Prote AG.

♦ Structured in wet grip categories from A to G

♦ Categories D and G are not used

Note

♦ The wet grip category is listed in EU regulation (EC) No.

1222/2009, the tyre is then allocated to the respective cate‐
gory.
♦ The lower the wet grip index, the shorter the braking distance.

A - Lowest wet grip index = shortest braking distance

B - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance in comparison with category
A
C - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance in comparison with category
B
E - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance in comparison with category
C
F - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance in comparison with category
E
1 - The braking distance between categories A and F can be more
than 18 m when undertaking an emergency stop at 80 km/h.

5. EU tyre label 13
 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

5.3.3 EU tyre label, categories, noise emis‐

sions
Objective
♦ Reduction of pass-by noise
♦ Reducing noise emissions
Evaluation
♦ Measured on outside of vehicle only
♦ Divided into three categories

♦ Three black arcs indicate the worst performance. The tyres

produce a rolling noise that lies below the current limit accord‐
ing to EU regulation 2001/43/EG. The limit lies above the limit
that has been set for from 2016 according to regulation (EG)
No. 661/2009.
♦ Two black arcs: The tyre noise limit lies below the limit that has
been set for from 2016 according to regulation (EG) No.
661/2009.
♦ One black arc: The tyre noise limit lies below the limit that has
been set for from 2016 according to regulation (EG) No.
661/2009, by at least three decibels.

AG. Volkswagen AG d
Note lksw
agen oes
not
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♦ Reducing the noisehoris level from two arcs to one arc equates to
nte
eo
3 dB, which halves
s aut the noise level. ra
c
s
♦ Note, the external rolling noise of the tyre does not always
ce
le
un

pt

correspond with the noise in the vehicle interior.

an
d
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
is n

h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
rrectness o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

14 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6 Facts about wheels and tyres (com‐ n AG. Volkswagen AG do

wage
mercial vehicles) lks es n
Vo ot g
by ua
ed ran
ris tee
tho or
au ac
ss
6.1 Useful information regarding tyres

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
6.1.1 Identification markings on the tyre sidewall

ility
ot p

wit
, is n
Example: Dunlop SP Sport 9000

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

1 - Size code

t to the co
❑ e.g. 195/65 R 15 91T
⇒ page 16

rrectness of i
2 - Manufacturer (trade name)
l purpos

3 - Tread pattern
4 - Code for tubeless tyres

nform
mercia

5 - Radial construction

at
om

io
❑ Radial cord direction in

n
c

in t
or

carcass

his
ate

do
riv

6 - Notes for version with “rim

p

cum
or

protector”
f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
7 - Production date C py
t. rig
gh ht
❑ Tyre ageing yri
p by
o Vo
⇒ page 20
c by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
8 - E number = Approval num‐
ber
❑ Tyre meets European
guidelines ECE-R30
and EEC92/93.
9 - Country of origin
❑ e.g. manufactured in
Germany
10 - Internal DUNLOP tread
code
11 - DOT - Department of
Transportation
❑ Tyre fulfils standards of
the Department of
Transportation of the
United States of Ameri‐
ca.
12 - DOT Code
❑ Identification number for manufacturer's plant, tyre size and tyre model
13 - Maximum permitted load and maximum permitted tyre pressure
❑ Data for North America
14 - Number of plies in the centre of the tread and in the sidewalls as well as information about the material
15 - Position of TWIs (Tread Wear Indicators)
16 - Relative expected service life - abrasion resistance
❑ based on a US standard test

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 15

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Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

17 - Rating of wet-braking traction, A, B or C

❑ According to a US test
18 - Rating of temperature resistance, A, B or C
❑ According to a US test
19 - Safety notes for use or fitting of tyre
20 - Reference to “ultralight construction”
❑ Tyre is up to 30% lighter.
21 - Specified direction of rotation for tyre
22 - Inmetro code
❑ Required for the Brazilian market only

6.1.2 Explanation of tyre lettering

Explanation of tyre dimensions
Tyres Speed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Summer tyres to 240 km/h 195 65 R 15 91 V -
Winter tyres to 160 km/h 195 65 R 15 91 Q M+S
Winter tyres to 190 km/h 195 65 R 15 91 T M+S
High-speed tyres faster than 240
AG. Volkswa225
gen AG 50 ZR 16 91 - -
agen
kswkm/h
does
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tho eo
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1- Tyre width ss
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un

pt

2- Aspect ratio in %
an
d
itte

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rm

ab

3- Code for tyre construction: “R” indicates radial

pe

ility
ot

4- Rim diameter designation

wit
, is n

h re
hole

5- Load rating code/load index (LI)

spec
es, in part or in w

6- Speed rating code

t to the co

7- Winter tyre/code for all-season tyre

Speed rating/maximum speed
rrectness of i
l purpos

Speed rating code Maximum speed in km/h

L 120
nform
ercia

M 130
m

N 140
com

tion in

P 150
r
te o

thi
s
iva

Q 160
do
r
rp

cum

R 170
fo

en
ng

t.
yi
S 180
Co
Cop py
t. rig
T 190
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c
U 200
lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
H 210
V 240
ZR above 240
W 270
Y 300

16 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Load rating code/load index (LI)

The load rating can be found on the sidewall of the tyre. It provides
information about the maximum load that the tyre can bear.
The load rating is included in the size designation of the tyre (e.g.
195/65 R 15 91T). It is indicated on the tyre as a code according
to ETRTO. The following table shows the load rating codes used
at VW with the corresponding load capacity of the tyres.
Load rating code Maximum load of tyre in kg
75 387
78 425
79 437
80 450
81 462
82 475
83 487
84 500
85 515
86 530
87 545
88 560
89 580
90 600
AG. Volkswagen AG d
91 agen oes 615
olksw not
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92 ised b ara
nte 630
or eo
93auth ra 650
ss c
94 670
ce
le
un

pt

95 690
an
d
itte

y li
erm

96 710
ab
ility
ot p

97 730
wit
is n

h re

98 750
ole,

spec

99 775
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co

100 800
101 825
rrectne

102 850
103 875
ss

104 900
o
cial p

f in

110 1060
form
mer

112 1120
atio
om

113 1150
c

i
or

n thi
e

114 1180
t

sd
iva

o
pr

115 1215
um
r
fo

en
ng

116 1250
t.
yi Co
Cop py
117 1285
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 17

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.1.3 Speed ratings for tyres

n AG. Volkswagen A
The speed rating (e.g. “T”) following
olks
wage the size of the tyre
G do
e(e.g.
s no
185/65 R 14 86T)) indicates
d by Vthe maximum permitted speedt guar
(vmax) of the tyre. or
ise an
tee
th or
au ac
The tyres for the vehicle
must be selected so that their maximum
ss
permitted speed is greater than the maximum speed that the ve‐

ce
le
un

pt
hicle (“based on model”) can attain.

an
d
itte

y li
rm

ab
Vehicles with national type approval
pe

ility
ot

wit
If the vehicle has a national type approval, the maximum speed
, is n

h re
for the vehicle is calculated as follows:
hole

spec
Formula for vehicles with vmax up to 150 km/h
es, in part or in w

t to the co
vmax = 1.03 x v + 3.5 km/h ⇒ page 18
Example: specified maximum speed v = 145 km/h

rrectness of i
vmax = 1.03 x 145 km/h + 3.5 km/h = 152.85 km/h
l purpos

In this example, a tyre with the speed rating “Q” or higher must
be used.

nform
mercia

Formula for vehicles with vmax above 151 km/h

a
com

tion in
vmax = 1.01 x v + 6.5 km/h ⇒ page 18
r
te o

thi
s
iva

Example: specified maximum speed v = 163 km/h do

r
rp

cum
fo

vmax = 1.01 x 163 km/h + 6.5 km/h = 171.13 km/h

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
In this example, a tyre with the speed rating “S” or higher must be
t. rig
gh ht
yri
used. p by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Vehicles with EC type approval Prote AG.

If your vehicle has an EC type approval, the maximum speed for

all vehicles is calculated as follows:
vmax = 1.05 x v ⇒ page 18
Example: specified maximum speed v = 172 km/h
vmax = 1.05 x 172 km/h 180.60 km/h
In this example, a tyre with the speed rating “T” or higher must be
used.
It is permitted to use tyres with a higher speed rating. The same
applies to tyres with a higher load index.

Note

For the letter “v”, enter the maximum speed given in field “T” of
part I or II of the registration document or under number 6 of the
vehicle documentation. This calculation is necessary because all
vehicles, for technical reasons, achieve different maximum
speeds within a legally permitted tolerance.

6.1.4 Undulations
Radial depressions are slight concavities in the tyre sidewall.
They run from the bead towards the shoulder of the tyre. These
parts appear in the figure ⇒ page 44 .
The cause is the accumulation of material at the joints of the tyre
components.

18 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

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Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Undulations have no effect on:

♦ Safety,
♦ Service life,
♦ Handling or
♦ Other characteristics of the tyre.
Undulations are visible to varying extents. It is not necessary to
inspect the tyre or remove it from the rim.
What causes undulations?
Modern steel belted tyres are constructed with single-ply side
walls to save weight.
The sidewall components consist of long strips before they are
joined together to form a tyre. They must overlap at the joints.
Consequently, slight irregularities or waves are created in the
area of the overlapping parts. The overlaps are easier to see from
the outside due to the single-ply construction.

6.1.5 Tyre storage AG. Volkswagen AG d

agen oes
lksw not
Storage room d by Vo gu
ara
rise nte
Rooms used for storing tyres must beutho eo
ra
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un

pt
• dry,

an
d
itte

y li
rm

ab
• cool and
pe

ility
ot

wit
• ventilated
, is n

h re
hole

in the tyre storage room.

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
WARNING

Stored tyres must not come in contact with fuel, oil, grease or

rrectness of i
chemicals under any circumstances. Otherwise, the material
l purpos

in the tyre will be damaged by chemical reactions which are

not always visible.
nform
ercia

As a result, dangerous situations can occur when the car is

driven.
m

a
com

tion in
r
te o

thi

Of course, tyre damage occurs only if the tyre is in contact with

s
iva

do

the chemical for a relatively long time. If a few drops of fuel land
r
rp

cum

on a tyre during a fill up, this is of no concern.

fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Storing the tyres t. Cop py
rig
gh ht
Complete wheels pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Tyres mounted on wheels can be stored flat, stacked one upon Prote AG.
the other. In this case, it is important to ensure that the tyres are
clean and dry. The inflation pressure should be increased to a
maximum of 3 bar.
Tyres without wheels
Tyres without wheels are best stored standing vertically. If tyres
are stacked for a long period of time, they will be pressed together
quite considerably. The tyres will then be more difficult to fit, as
they do not sit on the rim shoulders. If tyres are stored standing
vertically, it is recommended to turn them every 14 days to avoid
flat spots.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 19

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.1.6 Tyre ageing

Tyres age as a result of physical and chemical processes, which
can impair the function of the tyres. Tyres which are stored for
longer periods of time harden and become brittle faster than tyres
which are constantly in use on a vehicle. Older tyres may develop gen AG. Volkswagen AG d
a
hairline cracks as a result of ageing. When tyres are in regularVol
ksw
oes
not
gu
use, the constant flexing activates softeners in the rubber,
ed by pre‐ ara
nte
venting hardening and the development of cracks. tho ris
eo
au ra
It is therefore important to take into account not only
ss the tread c

ce
e
depth, but also the age of spare tyres, stored tyres and tyres which

nl

pt
du
are not permanently in use. The tyre age can be determined from

an
itte

y li
in the DOT designation, which includes the production date of the
erm

ab
tyre.

ility
ot p

wit
, is n

Example of a DOT number to 31.12.1999

h re
hole

spec
DOT ..... 5 0 9 <
es, in part or in w

t to the co
Stands for 199_
Last digit is production year
Week

rrectness of i
l purpos

In this example, the production date is the 50th week of 1999.

Example of a DOT number from 01.01.2000

nf
ercia

or
DO ..... 0 1 0 0

m
m

atio
T
om

n in
c

Last 2 digits is production year

or

thi
te

Week

sd
iva

o
r
rp

cu
o

m
In this example, the production date is the 1st week of 2000.
f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
Recommendation C py
t. rig
gh ht
yri by
♦ We recommend using tyres more than 6 years old only in op Vo
by c lksw
emergencies and only with a cautious driving style. cted agen
Prote AG.

♦ When new tyres are fitted, the spare tyre may also be used if
it is in flawless condition and is not more than 6 years old. The
age of the tyre has a great influence on the high-speed capa‐
bility of the tyre. It is possible to combine a spare tyre which is
several years old with new tyres; however, this can have an
adverse influence on car handling.
♦ Tyres are always being further developed. This can lead, for
example, to slight changes in the rubber compound, even if
the tyres are of the same make, size and tread pattern.
♦ All VW vehicles are factory-fitted with four identical tyres and
wheels.
Front-wheel drive vehicles:
♦ For reasons of safety, tyres of the same make and with the
same tread pattern should be mounted on one axle.
Four-wheel drive vehicles:
♦ Vehicles with four-wheel drive must always be equipped with
four wheels with tyres of the same size, construction, tread
pattern and make.
Renewing tyres
Tyres must always be renewed when:
• the legal minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm is reached,
• there is visible mechanical damage

20 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

• the tyres are more than 6 years old.

6.1.7 Tyres with flange protection

The tyre industry produces tyres with flange protection for alloy
wheels. The flange protection is intended to protect alloy wheels
from damage due to contact with kerbs.
The combination of tyres with flange protection, steel wheels and
a full-size hub cap can lead to the loss of the hub cap during op‐
eration. The flexing of the tyre separates the hub cap from its seat.

WARNING

When fitting tyres, always make sure that only tyres without
flange protection are fitted to steel rims.

The figure shows a prohibited combination of steel rim, full-size

hub cap and a tyre with flange protection.
A - Flange protection
B - Flange of a steel rim
C - Full size hub cap

WARNING

This combination must never be fitted!

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen
6.1.8 Winter tyres
oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
ed
is nte
As of 01.05.2006,thao change to the German road traffic regulations
r eo
(StVO) came into
s au force which caused the following supplement r ac
to be made: "The equipment in motor vehicles has to be adapted
s
ce
le

to the weather conditions. In particular, this includes suitable tyres

un

pt
an
d

and antifreeze in the windscreen washing system."

itte

y li
erm

ab

Please point out to customers that, since May 1st 2006, they are
ility
ot p

legally obliged to adapt their vehicle's equipment, particularly the

wit
is n

tyres, to winter weather conditions.

h re
ole,

spec

For driving in winter, we recommend that the vehicle is equipped

urposes, in part or in wh

with winter tyres in the sizes recommended in table 2 of the parts

t to the co

certificates.
As a basic rule:
rrectne

All tyre sizes listed in the vehicle documents can also be used as
winter tyres.
ss o
cial p

The handling characteristics may be affected by the use of winter

inform

tyres and the possible change in the dimensions of the wheel and
mer

tyre. Therefore, when using winter tyres, you must adapt your
atio
m

speed to the changed handling characteristics and to the road

o

n
c

conditions.
i
or

n thi
te

sd
a

To achieve the best possible handling, winter tyres must be fitted

iv

o
pr

on all wheels.
um
r
fo

en
ng

t.
If the vehicle is equipped with rims other than the factory-fitted
yi Co
op py
rims, you must take the following into consideration when you fit . C rig
ht ht
winter tyres:
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted
♦ Wheels and wheel bolts are matched.
agen
Prote AG.

♦ Whenever the wheels are changed, corresponding wheel bolts

of the correct length and with the correctly shaped tapered

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 21

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

seats are used 1). The secure fit of the wheels and the func‐
tioning of the brakes depends this.
♦ The suitability of winter tyres with less than 4…5 mm tread
depth for winter operation is limited.
♦ Some countries require winter tyres to have a tread depth of
at least 4 mm.
♦ We recommend that winter tyres be replaced after no more
than six years. The special “winter properties” of these tyres
decline with age, regardless of how much they are used.
Tyre pressure for winter tyres
The tyre pressure for winter tyres must be 0.2 bar more than the
applicable tyre pressure for standard tyres but not more than
3.5 bar.
Registration regulations in the Federal Republic of Germanyagen AG. Volkswagen AG do
w es n
olks ot g
Only when winter tyres are in use may the top speedethat
d b a vehicle
yV ua
ran
can achieve be greater than the maximum speedhospecified
ris by the tee
speed symbol of the tyre. au
t or
ac
ss
In this case, a label stating the following must be attached:

ce
le
un

pt
an
d
itte

Important! Winter tyres!

y li
erm

ab
ility
Maximum speed … km/h
ot p

wit
is n

h re
ole,

spec
Note
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
This label must be clearly visible to the driver!

rrectne
1) A spherical cap is the curved surface of a section of a sphere cut by a plane.
The tapered seats on the wheel bolt and in the wheel (rim) in the wheel bolt holes
are spherical caps.

ss o
6.1.9 Reinforced and Extra Load (XL) tyres
cial p

f inform
mer

Some tyre manufacturers have for some time replaced the des‐

atio
ignation “Reinforced” with the designation “Extra Load”. This
om

designation has long been standard in non-European countries. n

c

i
or

Technically, there is no difference between them.

thi
te

sd
iva

Some tyre manufacturers also use the designation “XL” for Extra
pr

cum
r
fo

Load tyres.
en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
Tyres with the designation “Reinforced” or “Extra Load (XL)” are C py
t. rig
of equal quality.
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
6.1.10 Snow chains
cted agen
Prote AG.

Snow chains may be fitted to driven wheels only.

On all-wheel drive vehicles, however, only the front wheels may
be fitted with snow chains (or the rear wheels on the Amarok).
It is not possible to use snow chains with all wheel and tyre com‐
binations. Notes on this can be found in the vehicle tables of the
parts certificate.
If no particular type of snow chain is specified, then small-link
chains may be used. These, including the chain fastener, may not
protrude more than 15 mm beyond the wheel's tread and the inner
wall.
On some models, only special, small-link chains are possible with
certain wheel and tyre combinations. Notes on this can be found
in the vehicle tables of the parts certificate.

22 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

The maximum speed permitted by law when driving with snow

chains is 50 km/h.
Snow chains should be removed when there is no snow on the
road. There is no point in having them on the wheels, as they
adversely affect the vehicle's handling. It causes unnecessary
stress on the tyres and above average wear on the chains.

6.2 Tyre wear/ mileage

6.2.1 General
A tyre has to meet numerous requirements ⇒ page 24 .
Different types of tyres meet these requirements to varying de‐
grees.
Depending on the conditions in which the tyres are used and on
the type of vehicle, some requirements will be more important
than others.
H, V, and Z tyres for “high-performance vehicles” are expected to
have good grip on wet and flooded roads. The trade-off for this,
however, is that the mileage is not as high as S or T tyres, for
example.

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
y V gu
d b ara
rise nte
tho eo
au ra
ss c
ce
le
un

pt
an
d
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
is n

h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
rrectness o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 23

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.2.2 Requirements to be met by tyres

A - Wet braking properties
B - Driving comfort
C - Steering accuracy
D - Driving stability
E - Tyre weight
F - Life expectancy
G - Rolling resistance
H - Aquaplaning
The pie chart illustrates to what extent the tyre meets the various
requirements. The tyre in this example (with its specific structure
and rubber composition) would meet the requirements listed
above (A to H) to the extent indicated by the size of the segments
of the pie.
Improving one of the characteristics will have a negative effect on
one of the others.
Example:
An improvement in wet braking properties -A- leads to a reduction
in driving comfort -B-, rolling resistance -G- and life expectancy
-F-.
The life expectancy of passenger vehicle tyres does not just de‐
pend on the rubber composition and design of a tyre. The condi‐
tions for use, the vehicle-specific circumstances and driving style
have a heavy influence on the service life of a tyre.
Modern vehicles enable comfortable and economic driving, n but
AG. Volkswagen AG d
wage oes
also a more "sporty" driving style. A tyre life of 5,000 o to 40,000
lks not
yV gu
km or more is possible. se
d b ara
n ri tee
utho or
a ac
ss
Note
ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

The driving style is the most important influencing factor as re‐

y li
erm

ab

gards the service life of a tyre.

ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

6.2.3 Wear behaviour of high-speed tyres

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co

These tyres are designed for very high speeds. When developing
these tyres, good grip in wet conditions is the main objective. The
tread compositions do not have the same wear resistance as T
rrectness of i

and H tyres for lower speeds.

l purpos

The life expectancy of high-speed tyres is therefore considerably

lower in comparable conditions of use.
nf
ercia

6.2.4 Factors influencing the service life of a

orm

tyre
m

atio
om

n in
or c

The following factors influence a tyre's service life to varying de‐

thi
e

grees.
t

sd
iva

o
r
rp

cu

Driving style:
o

m
f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
♦ Speed ⇒ page 25 t. Cop py
rig
gh ht
♦ Braking ⇒ page 25 yri
p by
co Vo
by lksw
cted
♦ Acceleration ⇒ page 25
agen
Prote AG.

♦ Cornering ⇒ page 26

24 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

For more information about driving style: ⇒ page 25 .

Maintenance:
♦ Tyre pressure ⇒ page 26
For more information about maintenance: ⇒ page 26 .
Environment:
AG. Volkswagen AG d
♦ Road surface agen oes
olksw not
V gu
d by ara
♦ Ambient temperature and climate orise nte
h eo
ut ra
Vehicle: ss a c

ce
le
♦ Weight

un

pt
an
d
itte

y li
♦ Dynamic toe and camber settings
erm

ab
ility
ot p

Tyre use:

wit
is n

h re
♦ Speed range
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

♦ Wet or dry

t to the co
Tyre type:
Winter or summer

rrectne
6.2.5 Driving style

ss o
I. Steady driving without deceleration or acceleration
cial p

f inform
Example:
mer

atio
m

Speed (km/h) Wheel slip Wear

o

n
c

i
or

n thi
100 1 1
te

sd
iva

180 3 9

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh
II. Braking (driving style)
ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c lksw
Most wear is caused during braking. cted agen
Prote AG.

Example: Braking from a speed of 50 km/h

Braking distance (m) Deceleration (m/s2)2) Wheel slip Wear
Vehicle allowed to roll to a stop 0 0
100 0.1 x g 4 1
50 0.2 x g 8 4
12.5 0.4 x g 3) 32 2000 - 3000

2) g = Freefall acceleration: 9.81 m/s2

3) A deceleration of 0.4 x g corresponds to heavy braking.

III. Acceleration (driving style)

Slip caused when driving off gently is approximately the same as
that caused when driving at a constant speed of 100 km/h.
Example:
Wheel slip Wear
Driving off gently 1-2 1
Driving off normally 7-8 5
Driving off with wheels spinning 20 or more 100 - 200

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 25

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

IV. Driving through curves (driving style)

A »sporty« driving style and driving at higher speeds n also
AG. Vocause
lkswagen AG
greater wear when driving through bends/corners.
lkswage does
not
Vo y gu
db ara
In practice, this means that wear is increased
ris
e 16-fold when the nte
tho price that has to be paid
cornering speed is doubled. This isauthe eo
ra
for going faster. ss c

ce
le
un

pt
Example: Driving through a curve with a radius of 150 m

an
d
itte

y li
erm

ab
Speed (km/h) Lateral acceleration (m/s2)4) Wear

ility
ot p

wit
50 1 = 0.13 x g 1
is n

h re
ole,

80 2.5 = 0.33 x g 6.5

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

100 4 = 0.53 x g 16

t to the co
4) g = gravitational acceleration: 9.81 m/s2

rrectne
6.2.6 Tyre maintenance

ss o
cial p

f
Tyre pressure

inform
mer

The weight of the vehicle causes the tyre contact area to flatten.

atio
m

This in turn causes the running surface and the entire ply of the
o

n
c

tyre to be continually deformed when a tyre is rolling. If the tyre is

i
or

n thi
underinflated, the amount of flex is higher, resulting in a greater
te

sd
va

increase in heat and increased rolling resistance. This then leads

i

o
pr

cum
to increased wear and poses a greater safety risk.
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi
Example: Specified standard tyre pressure with cold tyres, ac‐
Co
Cop py
cording to vehicle load
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co
Tyre pressure (bar) Tyre pressure (%) Tyre life (%)
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
2.3 100 100
1.9 80 85
1.4 60 60
1.0 40 25
If tyre pressure is too high, this will result in poor rolling comfort
and increased wear across the centre of the tread. We recom‐
mend always to maintain the tyre pressure specified by the man‐
ufacturer.

26 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

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Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Note

♦ The diagrams shown are not applicable in all cases.

♦ They are intended merely to give an idea of the wear rates of
tyres on the front and rear axles and with front-wheel drive and
four-wheel drive.
♦ The tyre service life may differ significantly, depending on op‐
erating conditions and running gear.

Diagram 1:
Tread depth versus tyre life for vehicles with front-wheel drive and
V-rated tyres
P - Tread depth
S - Mileage covered n AG. Volkswagen AG do
lkswage es n
o ot g
yV
1 - Front axle ir se
d b ua
ran
o tee
h
2 - Rear axle aut or
ac
ss

ce
le
un

pt
Diagram 2:

an
d
itte

y li
Tread depth over tyre service life for vehicles with four-wheel drive
rm

ab
pe

ility
and V-rated tyres
ot

wit
, is n

P - Tread depth

h re
hole

spec
S - Mileage covered
es, in part or in w

t to the co
1 - Front axle
2 - Rear axle rrectness of i
Diagrams 1 and 2 show that the tread on a new tyre wears faster
than that on a heavily used tyre. As the wear curve is not linear,
l purpos

it is not possible to estimate the tyre service life on the basis of

wear after the first 5,000 km.
nform
ercia

On front-wheel drive vehicles, the front tyres not only have to

m

transmit the steering and driving forces, but also the greater part
com

tio

of the lateral and braking forces. This causes the front tyres on
n in
r
te o

front-wheel drive vehicles to wear much faster than the rear tyres.
thi
s

Even tyre wear can be achieved by swapping (interchanging) the

iva

do
r

front and rear wheels on a regular basis. Rotating wheels

rp

cum
fo

⇒ page 58 .
en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
6.2.7 Evenly worn tyres
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted
The requirements to be met by tyres are increasing continuously.
agen
Prote AG.

This is caused by the following factors:

♦ greater vehicle weight
♦ high speeds
♦ high level of vehicle safety
Greater loads on the tyre will, of course, lead to an increase in
tyre wear.
Driving style has a critical effect on tyre wear. For this reason,
customer claims regarding tyre wear on evenly worn tyres are not
covered by the warranty.
The effective service life of a tyre can be determined only when
the remaining tread depth has reached 2 mm (see diagrams
⇒ page 27 )

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 27

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Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.2.8 Measuring tread depth

Note

♦ The tread depth is measured in the main tread channels.

♦ Do not measure at the TWIs (Tread Wear Indicators).

Measure the tread depth in the main tread channel, at the points
where the tyre is worn most heavily. The position of the TWIs can
be seen at various points on the shoulder of the tyre
⇒ Item 15 (page 15) .
A “Δ” or the manufacturer's “logo” may appear in the place of
“TWI”.
The bars of the TWI have a height of 1.6 mm. This is the minimum
tread depth required by German law.
Different values may apply in other countries.

The TWIs must not be included in the measurement. Tread depth

should always be measured at the deepest point of the tread
channel.
AG. Volkswagen AG d
A - TWIs in the main tread channels lksw
agen oes
not
Vo gu
by
B - Main tread channels with TWIs -arrows- rised ara
nte
ho eo
aut ra
ss c

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos

6.2.9 One-sided wear

nform
ercia

This is often caused by driving style, but can be the result of in‐
m

correct wheel alignment.

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

28 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

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Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Increased one-sided wear

One-sided wear, usually in conjunction with signs of scuffing on
the ribs of the tread and in the fine grooves, always occurs when
the tyres have been allowed to roll with an extreme tyre slip angle,
causing them to »rub« on the road surface. wage
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
e ks s no
Vol t gu
Driving fast on a stretch of road with lots of curvesedwill
by cause in‐ ara
creased wear, in particular on the outer shoulder.horis nte
eo
t
au ra
A rounded outer shoulder on the tyre in conjunction
ss with a partic‐ c
ularly high degree of wear on the outer tread blocks indicates fast

ce
e
nl

pt
du
cornering. This wear pattern is influenced by driving style.

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
To optimise handling, the suspension is set to specified toe-in and

ility
camber values. Increased one-sided wear can be expected if ot p

wit
, is n

tyres are allowed to roll under conditions which differ from those

h re
specified.
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

One-sided wear is especially likely if the toe and camber have not

t to the co
been set correctly. Moreover, there is a greater risk of diagonal
washout.

rrectness of i
Toe-out or negative toe-in
l purpos

Distance between front of wheels -A- is greater than distance be‐

tween rear of wheels -B- (-C- = direction of travel).

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 29

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Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Toe-in or positive toe

Distance between front of wheels -A- is less than distance be‐
tween rear of wheels -B- (-C- = direction of travel).
To prevent one-sided wear, care must be taken to ensure that the
wheel is set within the tolerance specified by the vehicle manu‐ wage
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
es n
facturer. The most frequent deviation of the wheel alignment isy Volks ot g
ua
caused by external influences, for example hard contact with rised the
b ran
tee
kerbstone when parking. ut
ho
or
sa ac
By measuring the axle geometry, you can check whethers
the

ce
le
wheel alignment is within the specified tolerances or whether it

un

pt
an
d
has to be corrected.

itte

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erm

ab
Running gear modifications

ility
ot p

wit
is n
Using “suspension-lowering kits” and/or alloy wheels that have

h re
ole,

not been recommended by VW may result in altered wheel posi‐

spec
tions which deviate from the specified alignment.
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
Even if the axle geometry is correct with the vehicle stationary
during wheel alignment, the changed vehicle height and wheel
positions can cause the wheel suspension to move differently

rrectne
during operation.
Uneven wear is then unavoidable.

ss o
cial p

The way to prevent one-sided tyre wear is to ensure the wheel

f in
alignment is correct on one hand and on the other hand to make

form
mer

sure the vehicle is used only for its intended purpose:

atio
om

Regular servicing of the vehicle and tyres helps to prevent tyre

n
c

i
or

n
wear. The following should be noted in particular with regards to

thi
te

sd
a

this:
iv

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pr

cum
r
fo

♦ The prescribed minimum tyre pressure must be adhered to.

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
♦ Different wear on the front and rear axle depending on the C py
t. rig
driving style is unavoidable. This condition can be compensa‐
gh ht
yri by
ted for by rotating the wheels from front to rear. The ideal cop Vo
by lksw
cted
opportunity to do this, for example, is during the seasonal
agen
Prote AG.
change between winter and summer tyres. This change also
has a positive side effect in that the tyres can wear down
equally, meaning that a completely new set of tyres can be
fitted. This prevents differences between the tread depths of
the tyres on each axle, which can have negative effects on
road holding.
♦ Saw tooth formation is a normal wear pattern, particularly if the
driving style is very careful ⇒ page 33 . This can lead to in‐
creased rolling noise, which generally becomes better as the
tread depth decreases. In the event of light saw tooth forma‐
tion or if saw tooth formation is just starting, exchanging the
wheels between axles is normally sufficient. If saw tooth for‐
mation is very pronounced, the wheels have to be changed in
accordance with ⇒ page 33 so their direction of rotation is
reversed.
♦ Some tread patterns may create an impression of premature
wear: if winter tyre sipes or channels in the tread are worn
down, only compact profile blocks without patterns remain,
thus giving the impression of a worn tyre. In this case, the re‐
maining tread depth must be measured in each groove. If this
is at or below the minimum tread depth, the tyre can continue
to be used without restrictions. (In Germany, the minimum is
1.6 mm; it is recommended, and in Austria, required, that win‐
ter tyres that are worn down to 4 mm be used only in summer )

30 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.2.10 Wear in middle of tyre

This wear pattern is found on the driven wheels of high-perform‐
ance vehicles that are frequently driven long distances at high
speeds.
At high speeds, centrifugal forces cause the tyre diameter to in‐
crease more in the middle of the tread than it does at the shoulder.
This causes drive forces to be transferred to the road surface from
the centre section of the tread. This is reflected in the wear pat‐
tern.
Effects of this kind can be especially pronounced on wide tyres.
It is not possible to counteract this wear pattern by reducing the
tyre pressure.

WARNING

For safety reasons, the tyre pressure must not under any cir‐
cumstances be reduced below the specified tyre pressure.

A more or less even tread wear pattern can be achieved by in‐

terchanging the tyres on the driven wheels and non-driven wheels
in good time.
Increased tread wear
The typical tread wear pattern of tyres run on the driven wheels
of a high-performance vehicle.
olkswagen AG
The increased wear in the centre section of the tread results agen from
AG. V does
ksw
the extra loading associated with centrifugal forces by
Vwithin the tyre
ol not
gu
and the transmission of drive forces. ris
ed
ara
nte
tho eo
s au ra
c
s

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
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in t
or

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ate

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cum
for

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t.
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Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 31

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.2.11 Diagonal washout

Diagonal washout on a tyre
Diagonal washout runs at an angle of approx. 45° to the direction
of rotation.
It usually occurs at one point only, but can also occur at several
points around the circumference of the tyre.
Washout occurs almost exclusively on the tyres on the non-driven
wheels, in particular at the rear left. Washout occurs very often
on some models, while it poses no problem at all on other models.
The effect is intensified by high toe-in values. Toe-in values in the
region of the lower tolerance limits of the specified alignment val‐
ues improve the wear pattern.
The most pronounced diagonal washout is often found in the area
where the tyre components are joined.
Wheels with positive toe-in roll with a slip angle even straight
ahead. This leads to a diagonal stress in the contact patch or
footprint on the tyre/road surface.
This wear pattern is intensified when tyre pressure is too low. To
avoid such tread wear patterns, the toe-in values of the two rear
wheels should be identical and the specified tyre pressures ob‐
served.
If you detect washout, you should fit the wheels on the driven axle,
assuming the washout is identified at an early stage. Deeper
washout cannot be repaired.
Faulty adjustment
If a customer complains of “diagonal wear spots”, the toe adjust‐
ment must be examined. If toe-in is correct, the cause of the
diagonal washout is very probably the tyre itself.
AG. Volkswagen
Tyres with diagonal washoutlkcaused
swa
gen by incorrectly setesaxle
AG do
not ge‐
ometry at the wheels are
db
ynot
Vo covered by warranty. gu
a
e ran
ris tee
tho or
6.3 Tyre
ss noise
au ac
ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li

6.3.1 General notes on tyre noise

erm

ab
ility
ot p

Tyre noise that can be heard by the human ear is caused by vi‐
wit
, is n

h re

brations which are transmitted by the air from the source of the
hole

sound to our ears.

spec
es, in part or in w

Of interest here are the noises caused by certain characteristics

t to the co

and effects while the tyres are rolling (source of the sound).
The cause of the noise is largely dependent on the combination
rrectness of i

of the road surface and tyres.

l purpos

The structure and material of the road surface will greatly affect
tyre noise. For example, the noise level on a wet road is much
higher than on a dry road.
nform
ercia

The pattern of the tyre tread also has a significant influence on

m

at
om

tyre noise. Tyres with transverse grooves at a 90° angle generate

on
c

more noise than tyres with grooves running diagonally.

in t
or

his
ate

Small tread blocks are unstable. Their highly pronounced defor‐

do
priv

mation agitates the air as the tyres roll. This creates the air
um
for

en
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vibrations that cause tyre noise.

n

t.
yi Co
op py
Wider tyres are louder. They need more tread channels to dis‐
t. C rig
gh ht
yri
place water. When they are rolling, these tread channels displace p by
o Vo
by c
the air, also creating air vibrations.
lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

32 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Further effects that also influence tyre noise:

♦ “Tyre vibration” is the principal cause of tyre noise. It is caused
by the columns of air in the tread channels being agitated.
♦ “Air pumping” is the compression and expansion of the air
caused by the deformation of the tread blocks as the tyre con‐
tact patch moves along the road surface.
Useful information regarding tyre noise
Tyre noise is determined primarily by the tyres and the road sur‐
face.
The coarseness, structure and material of the road surface influ‐
ence tyre noise.
The widths of the tyre and the rim, among other things, influence
tyre noise. Due to their larger contact area, wider tyres will cause
more tyre noise than narrow tyres, as more air has to be displaced
and more “mass” is agitated to create vibrations.
A wider wheel rim will also cause a tyre to have a wider contact
patch. The effect on tyre noise is thus very similar to that of a wider
tyre. Moreover, the damping characteristics of the tyre may also
be adversely affected by the wider wheel rim.
Tyre noise is more perceptible in the passenger compartment of
vehicles with front-mounted engine as wind and engine noises
are harder to hear in the rear.

6.3.2 Saw-tooth wear n AG. Volkswagen AG do

lkswage es n
Saw-tooth wear is a stepped wear pattern on thebindividual
yV
o tread ot g
ua
blocks ⇒ page 34 that can cause increased tyre ir se noise. The saw
d ran
tee
tooth is caused by uneven deformation ofauthe tread blocks in the
tho
or
ac
tyre's contact patch. Saw-tooth wear is more
ss pronounced on non-
driven wheels than on driven wheels.

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos

nf
ercia

orm
m

atio
om

n in
or c

thi
te

sd
iva

o
r
rp

cu
o

m
f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 33

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

New tyres are more susceptible to saw-tooth wear because of the

greater elasticity of the high tread blocks. As the tread depth de‐
creases, the tread blocks become more rigid and the tendency to
wear in a saw-tooth pattern decreases.
Appearance of saw tooth
A - Tread block of a new tyre; seen in direction of motion
-arrow 1-, tread blocks are equally high in front and back.
B - Development of saw teeth; seen in the direction of rotation
-arrow 1-, tread blocks are higher in front than in back -arrow 2-.
C - Seen in the direction of rotation -arrow 1-, tread blocks show
greater wear in the front section of the “saw tooth” -arrow 3-.
Pronounced saw-tooth wear can lead to customers complaining
about tyre noise.
Pronounced saw-tooth wear occurs under the following condi‐
tions:
♦ toe values are too high
AG. Volkswagen AG d
♦ tyre pressures are incorrect agen oes
olksw not
V gu
by ara
♦ tread is coarse and open rised
nte
ho eo
ut
♦ tyres are fitted on the non-driven axle ss a ra
c

ce
e

♦ very fast cornering.

nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
non-directional tyres
erm

ab
ility
ot p

In the event of saw-tooth wear, the direction of rotation of the tyre

wit
, is n

must be reversed. If saw-tooth wear is especially pronounced and

h re
tyre noise is increased, interchange the tyres diagonally. This will
hole

spec
reduce the saw-tooth effect.
es, in part or in w

t to the co
On front-wheel-drive vehicles, this effect is intensified by the
greater wear on the front axle.
Tyre noise will be somewhat louder immediately after the tyres

rrectness of i
have been interchanged but will return to a normal level after
l purpos

about 500…1000 km have been driven.

Directional tyres
nf
ercia

o
In the event of increased saw-tooth wear on the rear tyres – in
rm
m

atio

particular on front-wheel drive vehicles – interchange the front and

om

rear tyres. In the event of increased saw-tooth wear on the outer

n in
or c

edges of the tyres on one axle, reverse both tyres on their rims.
thi
te

sd

The left-hand wheel must then be fitted on the right side of the
iva

o
r

vehicle and the right-hand wheel on the left side.

rp

cu
o

m
f

en
ng

t.
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op
6.3.3 Flat spots (from locking wheels) C py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Flat spots can result from an extreme brake application which
o Vo
by c lksw
cted
causes the wheels to lock, so that the rubber is worn off at the
agen
Prote AG.
contact patch between the tread and the road surface.
As the tyres slide over the road surface, friction generates heat,
which also reduces the wear resistance of the tread material.
Not even a highly wear-resistant tread compound can prevent the
flat spots caused by violent braking.
Even ABS-controlled brake systems cannot prevent brief locking
of the wheels, and thus, minor flat spots.
The degree of such wear depends largely on the vehicle speed,
the road surface and the load placed on the wheel. The following
examples should make this clear.

34 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

If a vehicle is braked to a standstill on a dry surface with the

wheels locked, the amount of rubber worn from the tyre will cover
an area the size of a postcard and will have a thickness of:
♦ up to 2.0 mm from a speed of 57 km/h (23.8 m braking dis‐
tance)
♦ up to 3.3 mm from a speed of 75 km/h (41.8 m braking dis‐
tance)
♦ up to 4.8 mm from a speed of 92 km/h (71.6 m braking dis‐
tance)
Flat spots in tread
Tyres with such damage must no longer be used and must be
renewed.

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
y V gu
d b ara
rise nte
tho eo
au ra
ss c

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

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erm

ab
ility
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wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i

6.4 Rough running caused by wheels/tyres

l purpos

nform
ercia

6.4.1 Causes of rough running

m

at
om

Rough running can have a number of different causes. It can also

on
c

be caused by tyre wear. Tyre wear caused by driving is not always

in t
or

his
e

evenly spread across the entire running surface of the tyre. This
at

do
riv

causes slight imbalances which affect the smooth running of a

p

cum
or

wheel which was previously exactly balanced.

f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Minor imbalances will not be felt at the steering wheel, but that t. Cop py
does not mean that they are not there. They increase wear on the
rig
gh ht
yri by
tyre and thus reduce the tyre service life. cop Vo
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cted agen
Prote
Recommendation
AG.

To ensure
• optimal safety,
• smoothest possible running and
• even wear
throughout a tyre's service life, we recommend having the wheels
and tyres balanced at least twice during the tyre's service life.

6.4.2 Balancing wheels

Before you start balancing the wheels, the following conditions
must be met.
• Tyre pressure must be OK.
• The tyre tread must not show one-sided wear and should be
at least 4 mm deep.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 35

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

• The tyre must not show any signs of damage, for example
cuts, piercing, foreign bodies, etc.
• The wheel suspension, steering and steering linkage, includ‐
ing the shock absorbers, must be in perfect condition.
• You must have conducted awaroad test.
gen AG
. Volkswagen AG
doe
ks s no
Vol t gu
6.4.3 Conducting a road test before balancing
ris
ed by ara
nte
wheels ho
t eo
s au ra
c
s
If a customer brings a vehicle to the workshop complaining about

ce
e
nl

pt
du

“vibration”, a road test is essential prior to balancing the wheels.

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
♦ This will give you information about the nature of the rough

ility
ot p

running.

wit
, is n

h re
♦ You will be able to determine the speed range in which rough
hole

running occurs.

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
– Raise the vehicle on a lifting platform immediately after the
road test.
– Mark the positions of the tyres on the vehicle.

rrectness of i
Tyre position Marked with …
l purpos

Front left tyre FL

nform
ercia

Front right tyre FR

m

Rear left tyre RL

at
om

ion
Rear right tyre RR
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in t
or

his
ate

– Remove wheels from vehicle.

do
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or

– Balance the wheels.

f

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t.
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op
6.4.4 Balancing wheels on stationary wheel
C py
t. rig
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balancing machine
p by
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Prote AG.
Clamp wheel into wheel balancing machine

Note

When balancing tyres, remember that cleanliness is absolutely

essential, as is the case in any other repair work you carry out.
Only then can you attain a flawless result!

Dirt and rust in the area of the contact surfaces and centre of the
wheel distort the result.
– Clean the contact surfaces, the centre of the wheel and the
recess on the inside of the wheel before mounting the wheel
on the wheel balancer.
– Mount the wheel with tyre on the wheel balancer.

36 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Note

♦ To clamp the wheel, use e.g. centring system for wheel bal‐
ancing machines - VAS 6241- . On the Amarok and the T5,
use clamping plate LK 5x100/112/130 - VAS 6243- addition‐
ally.
♦ To clamp the wheel on the Crafter 30 and 35, use centring
sleeve - VAS 6610- with clamping plate - VAS 6609- .
♦ To clamp the wheel on the Crafter 50 and Supersingle, use
centring sleeve - VAS 6608- with 3-arm star - VAS 6607- .
♦ This ensures that the wheel is 100% centred and that the
wheel is clamped without its being damaged.
♦ The wheel cannot be centralised 100% with conical clamping
elements on the wheel balancing machine.
♦ A deviation of 0.1 mm from the centre results in an imbalance
of 10 grams at the wheel/rim.

Procedure for balancing wheels and tyres

– Rotate wheel and tyre on wheel balancer.
– Check that the indicator lines on the sidewall of the tyre near
the wheel rim flange run evenly.
– Check that the body of the tyre runs evenly while the wheel
and tyre are rotating.

Note

If one-sided wear, flat spots from braking or severely washed out

spots are apparent, balancing cannot achieve smooth running. In
this case, the tyre must be renewed. swa
gen AG
. Volkswagen AG
does
olk not
yV gu
db ara
– Check the true running of the wheel and tyre.
ris If the wheel and
e nte
tho flat spots, radial or
tyre do not run true although there areauno
eo
ra
lateral runout may be the cause. ss c
ce
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nl

pt
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– Check the wheel for radial or lateral runout ⇒ page 40 .

an
itte

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erm

– If radial and lateral runout are within the specified tolerance,

ab
ility

balance the wheel and tyre.

ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec

Note
es, in part or in w

t to the co

♦ More than 60 grams of weight per tyre should not be used.

♦ If more weight is required, you may be able to achieve smooth‐
rrectness of i

er running by "matching" the tyre and rim. Matching tyres

⇒ page 41 .
l purpos

♦ The wheel balancer display should indicate 0 gram.

nform
ercia

♦ As an alternative to match mounting, you could use the vibra‐

tion control system - VAS 6230- ⇒ page 38 .
m

at
om

ion
c

in t
r

– Bolt the wheel to the vehicle.

o

his
ate

do
riv

– First hand-tighten the lowest wheel bolt to about 30 Nm.

p

cum
for

en
g

– Then tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally to about

n

t.
yi Co
30 Nm. This process centres the wheel on the hub. Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
yri
– Lower vehicle onto its wheels. p by
o Vo
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 37

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

– Now use a torque wrench to tighten the wheel bolts to the

specified torque in diagonal sequence.
Carry out road test
– After balancing the wheels and tyres, carry out a road test.
If you detect vibration during the road test, it may be due to tol‐
erance in the wheel centring.
In unfavourable circumstances, the component tolerances of
wheels and hubs could cumulate. This too can lead to vibration.
This can be alleviated using a finish balancer. ⇒ page 38

6.4.5 Vibration control system - VAS 6230-

Using the vibration control system - VAS 6230 A- you can perform
more functions than just stationary balancing.
A special feature of this system is the testing of the radial force of
the wheel and tyre while rolling.
A roller presses against the wheel with a force of about 635 kg.
This simulates the vertical tyre force against the road surface
during travel.
Radial and lateral runout in the wheel and tyre and differences in
the stiffness of the tyre cause the vertical force of the wheel to
vary.
The vibration control system - VAS 6230 A- detects and stores
the position of the maximum measured radial force in the tyre.
Then the position of the smallest distance between the wheel rim
flange and the centre of the rim is measured. n AG. Volkswagen A age G do
ksw es n
y Vol ot g
ua
b
ed ran
oris tee
th or
au ac
ss ce
le
un

pt

6.4.6 Finish balancer

an
d
itte

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rm

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pe

ility
ot

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Note
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hole

spec

♦ Before working with a finish balancer , the mechanic needs to

es, in part or in w

have been instructed by the manufacturer of the balancer.

t to the co

♦ To balance the wheels, set the wheels of the driven axle on

the sensor platforms (only the front wheels of a front-wheel
rrectness of i

drive vehicle, all four wheels of a four-wheel drive vehicle).

l purpos

If you determine a residual imbalance greater than 20 grams

when balancing the wheels, you should rotate the mounting po‐
nform
ercia

sition of the wheel on the hub.

m

– Mark the point at which the imbalance is indicated.

com

tion in
r

– Unbolt the wheel and rotate its position on the hub so that the
te o

thi

marking points downwards.

s
iva

do
r
rp

cum
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en
ng

t.
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Note
Co
Cop py
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The hub must not rotate during this procedure. op Vo
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
– First hand-tighten the lowest wheel bolt to about 30 Nm.
– Then tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally to about
30 Nm. This process ensures that the wheel is centred prop‐
erly on the hub.

38 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen o
– Check whether the imbalance
olks
w
is less than 20 grams
es n
ousing
t gu the
yV
finish balancer. sed b ara
n ri tee
ho
aut or
ac
ss
Note

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e
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pt
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itte

The imbalance should always be less than 20 grams before you

y li
erm

ab
change the balance weight.

ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
– If necessary, remove the wheel bolts again.
hole

spec
– Rotate the wheel relative to the hub once more, turning it one
es, in part or in w

or two wheel bolt holes further.

t to the co
– Tighten the wheel bolts using the method described above.

rrectness of i
Note
l purpos

Do not try to reduce the imbalance using balance weights until

nform
ercia

the imbalance is less than 20 grams.

m

at
om

io
– Balance the wheels until the imbalance is less than 5 grams.

n
c

in t
or

his
e

– Tighten wheel bolts to specified torque if you have not already

at

do
riv

done so.
p

cum
for

en
ng

t.
yi Co
WARNING Cop py
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
Always tighten wheel bolts to specified torque using a torque
co Vo
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cted
wrench!
agen
Prote AG.

6.4.7 Radial and lateral runout of wheels and

tyres
Radial and lateral runout occur when the wheel and tyre do not
run absolutely true.
For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible.
Therefore, the manufacturers of these components allow a pre‐
cisely determined tolerance.
Mounting the tyre in an unfavourable position on the wheel can
cause the maximum allowed tolerance for wheel with tyre to be
exceeded.
The table shows the maximum permissible tolerances for a wheel
with mounted tyre.
Tolerances for radial and lateral runout of wheels with tyres
Wheel with tyre Radial runout (mm) Lateral runout (mm)
Amarok 0.9 1.2
Caddy from 2004 1.2 1.3
Transporter Steel rim 15" 2.5 2.5
Alloy wheel 15" 2.2 2.2
Steel rim 16" 1.6 2.0
Alloy wheel 16" 1.1 1.5
LT from 1997 3.15 3.15
Crafter 16"-wheel 1.5…2.0 1.25
17"-wheel 1.5…2.0 1.25

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 39

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.4.8 Checking radial and lateral runout on

wheels and tyres with tyre gauge - V.A.G
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
1435- Volkswage es n
ot
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Checking lateral runout ed nte
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– Preload tyre gauge - V.A.G 1435- about 2 mm. au ra
c
ss

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– Set tyre gauge - V.A.G 1435- against sidewall of tyre.

pt
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– Slowly rotate the wheel.

erm

ab
ility
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– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

wit
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spec
Note
es, in part or in w

t to the co
If the difference is greater than 1.3 mm, the lateral run-out is too
great.

rrectness of i
In this case, you can reduce lateral runout by match mounting the
l purpos

tyre ⇒ page 41 .
Extreme values on the tyre gauge - V.A.G 1435- due to small

nf
ercia

o
irregularities in the rubber may be disregarded.

rm
m

atio
m

Checking radial runout

o

n in
or c

– Preload tyre gauge - V.A.G 1435- about 2 mm.

thi
te

sd
iva

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r
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cu
– Set the tyre gauge - V.A.G 1435- against the tyre tread.
o

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ng

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– Slowly rotate the wheel. t. Cop py
rig
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– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings. p by
co Vo
by lksw
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Note

If the difference is greater than 1 mm, the radial run-out is too

great.

In this case, you can reduce radial runout by match mounting the
tyre ⇒ page 41 .

6.4.9 Checking radial and lateral run-out on

wheel rim
– Mount the wheel on the wheel balancer .
– Use the wheel balancing machine centring system - VAS
5271- .
– Preload tyre gauge about 2 mm.
– Slowly rotate the wheel.

40 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

S - Lateral runout
H - Radial runout
– Compare the measured values with the specifications in the
table ⇒ page 41 .

Note n AG. Volkswagen AG do

lkswage es n
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yV
Extreme values on the tyreir se
dgauge due to small irregularities may
b ua
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be disregarded. tho tee
or
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Specifications for radial and lateral runout on wheel

an
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Rim Radial runout (mm) Lateral runout (mm)

ab
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Amarok Steel wheel 0.6 0.7

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Alloy wheel 0.3 0.3
hole

spec
Caddy from Steel wheel 0.6 0.5
es, in part or in w

t to the co
2004
Alloy wheel 0.3 0.3
Transporter Steel wheel 15" and 16" 0.8 0.8

rrectness of i
Alloy wheel 15" 0.5 0.5
l purpos

Alloy wheel 16" 0.3 0.3

LT from 1997 1.25 1.25

nform
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tion in
Note
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If the measured value exceeds the specification, acceptably

r
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smooth running cannot be attained.

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6.4.10 Matching
by lksw
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General
When radial or lateral runout of the wheel and tyre coincide, the
imbalance of the wheel is amplified by the tyre.
For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible
⇒ page 39 .
Before match mounting the used wheels which are fitted on the
vehicle, run the tyres warm. This will eliminate any flat spots
caused by storage or handling, ⇒ page 42 .
Procedure for match mounting
– Deflate the tyre.
– Press the tyre beads off the rim flanges.
– Coat the tyre bead all round with tyre fitting paste .
– Rotate the tyre 180° relative to the wheel.
– Inflate the tyre to approx. 4 bar.
– Mount the wheel with tyre on the wheel balancer.
– Check true running, that is, radial and lateral runout.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 41

 . Volkswagen AG
gen AG d
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤Vo,lkCaddyswa 2016 ➤ , Caddy oKas
es n ...
ot g
y
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information
ised b- Edition 07.2015 ua
ran
r tee
ho
aut or
ac
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e
Note

nl

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itte

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erm
♦ If the specified values for radial and lateral runout are not ex‐

ab
ility
ceeded, the wheel can be balanced to 0 gram. Specified

ot p

wit
values appear on ⇒ page 39 .

, is n

h re
hole
♦ If the radial and lateral runout is not within the specifications,

spec
the tyre must be rotated again.

es, in part or in w

t to the co
– Deflate the tyre and press off the tyre beads from the rim
flanges.

rrectness of i
– Rotate the tyre 90° relative to the wheel (1/4 of a turn).
l purpos

– Inflate the tyre to 4 bar again and check true running.

nform
ercia

Note
m

at
om

ion
c

in t
r

♦ If the specified values for radial and lateral runout are not ex‐
o

his
te

ceeded, the wheel can be balanced to 0 gram.

a

do
priv

cum
or

♦ If the radial and lateral runout are not within the specified val‐
f

en
g

ues, the tyre must be rotated again.

n

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
yri
– Press the tyre off the rim flanges again as described above. p by
o Vo
by c lksw
cted agen
– Rotate the tyre 180° relative to the wheel (half a turn). Prote AG.

If the radial and/or lateral runout are still not within the specified
values, check the wheel for radial and/or lateral runout
⇒ page 40 .
If the measured values for radial and lateral runout of the wheel
are within the specified values, the tyre has impermissibly high
radial or lateral runout. In this case, the tyre must be renewed.

Note

♦ After fitting the tyres there will be fitting lubricant between the
tyres and the rim flanges.
♦ Therefore, severe braking and acceleration manoeuvres must
be avoided for the first 100 or 200 km driven. The tyres may
otherwise rotate on the rims and your work will have been in
vain.

6.4.11 Flat spots caused by storage or handling

What is a flat spot?
The terms flat area and flats are also used for the term flat spot.
Flat spots caused by storage or handling also cause vibration in
the same way as incorrectly balanced wheels do. It is important
that flat spots on the tread are identified as such.
Flat spots caused by storage or handling cannot be balanced and
they can reoccur at any time due to various circumstances. Flat
spots caused by storage or handling can be eliminated without
complicated special tools. This does not apply to flat spots caused
by hard braking ⇒ page 34 .

42 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Note

Flat spots caused by hard braking cannot be repaired. Such tyres

must be renewed.

Reasons for flat spots caused by storage or handling:

♦ The vehicle has been left standing in one place without being
moved for several weeks.
♦ The tyre pressure is too low.
♦ The vehicle was placed in a paint shop drying booth after being
painted.
♦ The vehicle was parked with warm tyres in a cool garage or
similar for a long period of time. In this case, a standing flat
spot may even occur overnight.
Eliminating flat spots caused by storage or handling
♦ Flat spots caused by storage orAG
agen
handling
. Volkswagcannot
en AG be eliminated
does
from the tyre using workshop
Volksw equipment. not
g y ua
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♦ Flat spots causedris by storage or handling can be removed nonly
e a
tee
ho
by running the
au tyres warm.
t or
a
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♦ The method described below is not recommended in cold and ce
e
nl

wintry weather. pt
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Requirements and conditions: ab

ility
ot p

– Check and, if necessary, correct inflation pressure.

wit
, is n

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– Drive the car on a motorway where possible.

hole

spec
es, in part or in w

– Traffic and road conditions permitting, drive a 20 to 30 km

t to the co

stretch at a speed of 120 to 150 km/h (this speed recommen‐

dation is for Germany - do not exceed the national speed limit).
rrectness of i

WARNING
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♦ Do not endanger yourself or other road users during this

nf

road test.
ercia

orm
m

♦ Observe the highway code and speed limitations in force

atio
m

when performing the road test.

o

n in
or c

thi
te

sd
iva

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r

– Raise the vehicle immediately following the road test.

rp

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f

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– Remove the wheels from the vehicle.

t.
yi Co
Cop py
. rig
– Balance the wheels on a stationary wheel balancer
ht ht
rig by
py
⇒ page 36 . co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
6.5 Vehicle pulls to one side

6.5.1 General
Perform a road test to determine whether a vehicle is pulling to
one side and if so, which side. If the vehicle pulls to one side
⇒ page 45 .
When wheel alignment is checked, include the wheel alignment
test results in tyre complaint report.
Manufacturer's tolerances can lead to a slight amount of taper
(asymmetry) in the tyre carcass. The rolling tyre then develops a
lateral force which acts directly on the wheel suspension, leading

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 43

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

to self-steering of the vehicle. Strategic rotation of the wheels can

balance out this self-steering behaviour.

6.5.2 Conicity
Conicity is caused by a slight offset of the tread and/or the belt
(amounting to a few tenths of a millimetre) relative to the geo‐
metric centre of the tyre. Taper is not visible and cannot be
measured with equipment available in the workshop.
Parts of a tyre
1 - Bead
2 - Shoulder
3 - Tread
4 - Steel cord belt
A - Geometrical centre of tyre
B - Actual centre of belt. It can be offset to inside or outside.

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
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urposes, in part or in wh

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mer

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t.
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Cop py
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rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

44 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Exaggerated for clarity.

1 - Offset of belt and tread
F1 - Unequal vertical wheel forces
F2 - Unequal vertical wheel forces
Fk - Conicity force
The offset produces differences in stiffness at the inner and outer
shoulders of the tyre, resulting in differing vertical wheel forces.
Consequently the belt or tread will not be pressed onto the road
surface with the same force (F1, F2). A conical, or tapered, shape
develops. The resulting force (conicity force Fk) can, depending
on the speed, become so great that the vehicle then pulls to one
side.
If the force Fk on one wheel of the axle is, for example, 50 Newton,
AG. Volkswagen AG d
and also 50 Newton on the other wheel, and lkswboth
agen forces are ex‐ oes
not
erted in the same direction, the forcesd barey V cumulated. Reversing
o gu
ara
a tyre on the rim can compensate ofor ris the lateral pull because the
e nte
forces then act in opposite directions.
auth eo
ra
ss c
Because the direction in which the force of taper is exerted is not

ce
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un

pt
visible, only road tests and strategic rotation of wheels and tyres

an
d
itte

can establish which tyres cause the pulling.

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ab
ility
The tyre consists of numerous components and materials which
ot p

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are vulcanised to form a single part at the end of a complicated
is n

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manufacturing process. The result is differing production toleran‐
ole,

ces which make themselves noticeable through more or less

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

strong lateral forces (conicity forces). These forces can also occur

t to the co
in new tyres.
Pulling to one side on front axle

rrectne
Pulling to one side can be caused by the running gear. However,
experience shows that in 90% of all complaints, the tyres cause

s
pulling to one side.

s o
cial p

f i
Pulling to one side during normal driving
nform
mer

On a straight, level road surface, the vehicle wants to pull to one

atio
m

side at a constant speed or with moderate acceleration. Force can

o

n
c

be felt at the steering wheel.

or

n thi
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sd
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Pulling to one side during fast acceleration

i

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Pulling to one side during fast acceleration is, in part, due to the
en
ng

t.
yi
basic design of vehicles with front wheel drive. Different friction
Co
Cop py
levels at the left and right wheels or possible irregularities in the
t. rig
gh ht
yri
road surface (potholes) and consequently varying road adhesion p by
co Vo
lksw
have a substantial influence on the handling characteristics. This
by
cted agen
Prote
does not constitute a complaint which is covered by the warranty.
AG.

6.5.3 Remedies when vehicle pulls to one

side
Test conditions before and during the road test:
– Check all suspension components on the front and rear axles
for damage.
– Check tyre pressure and correct if necessary.
– Check the tyres for external damage. Punctures, cuts, bubbles
on the sidewalls, flat spots from braking and/or damage to the
tread.
– Ask the customer if the tyre had been damaged by a nail or
similar object and was repaired by a tyre dealer. It may be
necessary to renew such tyres.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 45

 . Volkswage
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 k➤ w,agCaddy
en AG 2016 ➤n,ACaddy
G do
es n Kas ...
ol s ot g
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information
d by - Edition 07.2015
V ua
r e an
ris tee
ho
– Check tyres for even wear and tread depth.au
t or
ac
ss
– Are all tyres of the same type, manufacture and tread pattern?

ce
le
un

pt
an
d
itte
– If the tyres are non-directional, ensure that all DOT classifica‐

y li
rm

ab
tions on the tyre face outwards. The wheels and/or tyres on

pe

ility
the vehicle may have already been changed around at an ear‐

ot

wit
, is n
lier date.

h re
hole
– Is the make of tyre approved by the factory as original equip‐

spec
es, in part or in w
ment?

t to the co
– Perform the road test on a road that is straight and even, has
no "tram lines" (indents from heavy traffic) or adverse camber.

rrectness of i
– Perform the road test with the customer under the conditions
specified above. Ask the customer to demonstrate the prob‐
l purpos

lem.

nform
ercia

Note
m

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com

tion in
There must be no cross wind during the road test.
r
te o

thi
s
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rp

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If the complaint is justified, we recommend rotating the wheels

um
fo

and tyres as described below.

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
Before you begin, observe the following notes; otherwise your ef‐
C py
ht. rig
forts may not have the desired effect.
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

Note

♦ Mark the tyres before the first rotation, e.g. FR, FL, RR, RL.
♦ After rotating wheels or reversing the tyre on its rim, you must
observe very carefully how the vehicle behaves during the
road test. Note how and what was changed.
♦ Assess the intensity of or a possible change in the tendency
to pull to one side.
♦ For this purpose, it is important that the road tests are always
performed by the same person on the same road. It is best to
drive the “test course” in both directions.
♦ Replacing a tyre with a new tyre does not guarantee that pull‐
ing to one side will be eliminated. Therefore it is recommended
as a first step to carry out the strategic rotation of the wheels
as described below.
♦ If there are large differences in the tread depth of the tyres on
the front and rear axles, the tyres with the deeper tread should
always be mounted on the rear axle.

6.5.4 Strategic rotation of wheels for non-directional tyres

↓
Perform a road test to determine whether a vehicle is pulling to one side and if so, which side.
↓
If the vehicle pulls to one side, interchange the front wheels.
↓
Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END
Vehicle pulls to the other side Vehicle pulls to the same side
↓ ↓

46 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Reverse one front tyre on its rim (direction of rotation Interchange front and rear tyres.
is reversed).
↓ ↓
Carry out a road test. Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END Vehicle travels in a straight line - END
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line. Vehicle does not travel in a straight line.
↓ ↓
Interchange the front and rear wheels. Vehicle pulls to the other No change
side
↓ ↓ ↓
Carry out a road test. Reverse one front tyre on Check alignment of front
its rim (direction of rota‐ and rear wheels and ad‐
tion is reversed) just if necessary.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END If the alignment is correct,
contact Product Support.
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line.
↓
Interchange front wheels. AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
ksw
↓ byV
ol ↓ not gua
ed ra
Carry out a road test.ho
ris Carry out a road test.ntee
u t or
Vehicle trav‐ Vehicle does snot s a travel in a straight Vehicle travels in a ac
els in a line. straight line - END

ce
le
un

pt
straight line -

an
d
itte

END

y li
rm

ab
pe

↓ Vehicle does not travel in

ility
ot

a straight line.

wit
, is n

h re
Fit new tyres on front axle Fit new tyres on front axle
hole

spec
↓ ↓
es, in part or in w

t to the co
Carry out a road test. Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END Vehicle travels in a
straight line - END
rrectness of i

↓ ↓
l purpos

Vehicle does not travel in a straight line; contact Product Support.

nform
mercia

a
com

6.5.5 Strategic rotation of wheels having unidirectional tyres

ion in
r
te o

thi

↓
s
iva

do
r
rp

cum

Perform a road test to determine whether a vehicle is pulling to one side and if so, which side.
fo

en
ng

t.
yi
↓
Co
Cop py
. rig
If the vehicle pulls to one side, interchange front and back wheels with tyres.
ht ht
rig by
opy Vo
↓ by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line.
↓
First renew one tyre on the front axle.
↓
Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 47

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

↓
Renew other tyre on the front axle.
↓
Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line.
↓
Check front and rear wheel alignment.
↓
Carry out a road test.
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line; contact Product Support.

6.6 Tyre damage

6.6.1 General information

As tyre damage can have serious consequences, you and the
driver should regularly check the tyres to identify any problems at
an early stage.
Damaged tyres cannot withstand driving conditions such as high
speed, long distances, sporty driving, and so on.
Damage can be caused in a number of ways:
♦ Driving with insufficient tyre pressure
♦ Assembly error when tyres were fittedenon
AG.rims
Volkswagen AG
ag does
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♦ Damage by embedding objects
by
Vol gu
ara
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ris
♦ Ageing tho eo
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♦ Improper storage ss
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WARNING
erm

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ility
ot p

Whenever a safety risk cannot be ruled out, the tyre must be

wit
is n

renewed.
h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co

6.6.2 Construction of a radial belted tyre

Cross section of a radial belted tyre
rrectness o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

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pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

48 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

1 - Tread block
2 - Tread groove
3 - Tread
4 - Nylon ply
5 - Belt layers
❑ Usually made of steel
6 - Bead core
❑ Consists of steel wires
vulcanised into rubber.
❑ Ensures secure seating
of the tyre on the rim.
7 - Bead filler
8 - Rim flange protection AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
❑ Protects the rim and tyre Volksw not
gu
from abrasion from, for d by ara
ise nte
example, contact with hor eo
ut
the kerb ss a ra
c
❑ Tyres with Maximum

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nl

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Flange Shield (or rim

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itte

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protector bar) are
erm

ab
marked with the abbre‐

ility
ot p

viation MFS.

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es, in part or in w

t to the co
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om

ion
The nylon ply -4-, belt layers -5-, bead cores -6- and bead filler
c

in t
or

-7- form the carcass. The carcass is the “load-bearing structure”

his
ate

of the tyre.
do
priv

cum
or

6.6.3 Impact damage

f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
A swelling in the sidewall of the tyre indicates that the carcass in
t. rig
gh ht
yri
the substructure has been damaged.
p by
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by c lksw
cted agen
Typical causes for such damage include, for example, driving
Prote AG.

over kerbs at a sharp angle.

Pinching the tyre in this way can damage the carcass.
The substructure of the tyre is stretched so far that individual fi‐
bres in the carcass may be broken.
The extent of the damage depends on the speed of impact, the
angle of impact, the tyre pressure, the axle load and the type of
obstacle.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 49

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Pinch marks on tyre sidewall -arrows- AG. Volkswagen AG d

agen oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
ed
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Note hor eo
aut ra
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♦ Driving over kerbs should be avoided.

ce
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un

pt
an
d
♦ If you cannot avoid driving over a kerb, you should do so very

itte

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slowly and as square-on as possible.

erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
is n

h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
Interior view of a tyre with a punctured carcass
Due to a severe impact, the carcass was pinched on the wheel

rrectne
rim flange and is ruptured in the contact area.

ss o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
Damage inside the tyre resulting from impact (double rupture)
C py
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
Double rupture -arrows- caused by pinching when a kerb was co Vo
by lksw
driven over. Often not detectable from outside.
cted agen
Prote AG.

6.6.4 Cuts
Cut caused by a sharp-edged obstacle -arrow-

6.6.5 Damage caused by foreign bodies

Driving over hard, pointed objects like nails, screws and the like
can puncture the tyre.
This always leads to tyre damage.

50 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Damage due to embedded foreign body

Often, the object -marking- is so securely embedded in the tyre
that it will not free itself even at higher speeds. Consequently, it
can act as a plug and seal the tyre relatively well. This results in
a gradual loss of pressure, which the driver will not notice imme‐
diately, but which can lead to sudden and complete tyre failure. AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
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is nte
Note hor eo
aut ra
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No repair should be attempted on a steel belted tyre of which the

ce
le
un

pt
structure has been punctured by a foreign body.

an
d
itte

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erm

ab
ility
ot p
6.6.6 Loss of air from tyre

wit
is n

h re
ole,

If the customer complains of a loss of air from a tyre, it is essential

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

that you check for embedded foreign bodies.

t to the co
Note

rrectne
No repair should be attempted on a steel belted tyre of which the
structure has been punctured by a foreign body.

ss o
cial p

f in
Corrosion can develop on the steel wires. This will always lead to

form
mer

the separation of the rubber from the steel belt.

atio
om

n
Generally, one cannot determine when the foreign body was em‐
c

i
or

n
bedded. The tyre structure may already have been damaged as

thi
te

sd
a

a result of driving with insufficient tyre pressure.

iv

o
pr

cum
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Damaged belt wires will sooner or later lead to separation of the

en
ng

t.
rubber from the steel belt. As a result, the tyre can fail completely
yi Co
op
at some point long after the tyre was first damaged.
C py
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
Tyre damage caused by foreign bodies is not covered by the war‐
co Vo
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ranty.
agen
Prote AG.

6.6.7 Tyre pressure

The tyre pressure must be checked regularly. We recommend
checking the tyre pressure every two weeks. The correct tyre
pressure is especially important on long trips or when carrying a
heavy load. A sporty driving style also requires correct or even
slightly increased tyre pressure.
Slow loss of tyre pressure
The slow loss of tyre pressure is especially problematic because
even experienced drivers often do not notice it.
Insufficient tyre pressure and the related increase in flexing (in‐
ternal friction) cause the tyre material to heat up considerably and
may lead to the separation of the various components and rubber
compounds.
In the end, the tyre is usually destroyed completely
⇒ page 52 .
The cause for the slow pressure loss cannot always be deter‐
mined because the tyre is severely damaged and structural com‐
ponents of the tyre are missing.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 51

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.6.8 Tyre damage due to insufficient tyre

pressure
The most common causes for tyre failure are minor external dam‐
age, a defective valve or a leaking rim due to corrosion or dam‐
age.
Separation of carcass and rubber
Excessive heating due to driving with substantially insufficient tyre
pressure ⇒ page 53 led to overheating and subsequent sepa‐
ration of the carcass from the rubber material -arrows-.
The tyre shown here was periodically driven with an inflation
pressure which was insufficient for the load. Typical evidence for
this is the circumferential scuffing along the bead caused by the
wheel flange and also the discolouration. Small, furrowed creases
are visible along the inside of the sidewall.
When the tyre rolls, strong shear forces develop between the lay‐
ers of steel cord, especially at the ends of the belts.
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
lkswage es n
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byV ua
d ran
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Tyres with wide, circumferential furrows near the bead

un

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Wide, circumferential furrows near the bead -arrows- indicate that

rm

ab

the tyre was driven with insufficient pressure.

pe

ility
ot

wit

Driving a vehicle with insufficient tyre pressure or ignoring or not

, is n

h re

recognising tyre damage can have serious consequences.

hole

spec

The tyre can no longer withstand the forces which develop when
es, in part or in w

t to the co

the vehicle is driven.

The defects mentioned above severely restrict the function of the
tyre. The rubber compounds separate, which results in the partial
rrectness of i

separation of tyre components or even its complete destruction.

l purpos

Tyre with stripped tread or stripped protector

nform
ercia

Such damage usually develops over a longer period of time. If an

m

a
com

already damaged tyre is exposed to high stress, the centrifugal

ion in

forces which occur at high speeds can tear components off the
r
te o

thi

tyre.
s
iva

do
r
rp

The figure shows a tyre with stripped protector due to travel with
cum
fo

insufficient tyre pressure.

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

52 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.6.9 Rising tyre temperature caused by in‐

sufficient inflation pressure
The graph shows the temperature development of a tyre at a
speed of 180 km/h.
A - When specified tyre pressure is maintained, the temperature
will remain stable.
B - Danger zone: When tyre pressure is 0.3 bar below specifica‐
tion, the temperature rises to above 120°C at higher speeds.
C - Critical temperature threshold: A tyre defect will develop.
T - Temperature in °C
t - Travel time in minutes

6.6.10 Tyre damage due to fitting error (fitting

damage)
Bead core broken during tyre inflation.
Modern radial tyres for passenger cars are mounted only on safe‐
ty rims. Safety rims have a hump -1- running along the bead seat.
1- Hump (double hump H 2)
2- Wheel rim flange
3- Inner rim shoulder e(e.g.
n AG. tapered
Volkswagerim
n AGshoulder)
ag does
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4- Rim y Vol gu
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5- Wheel
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6- Well
s
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7- Outer rim shoulder (e.g. tapered rim shoulder)

an
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rm

ab

The hump prevents the tyre from being pressed out of the rim
pe

ility

shoulder during travel with insufficient tyre pressure.

ot

wit
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h re

When the tyre is inflated, the bead of the tyre may not slip com‐
hole

pletely over the outer rim hump.

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co

In this case, there is a danger of the bead core becoming over‐

stretched if the tyre pressure is too high. The steel wires would
then rupture partially or completely. A broken bead core cannot
be detected from the outside.
rrectness of i
l purpos

WARNING
nform
ercia

♦ Tyres with damaged bead cores are not seated safely and
securely on the rim. Such tyres are a safety risk!
m

a
com

tion in

♦ In addition, there is a risk of the partly broken bead core

r
te o

breaking apart during continued operation and the tyre

thi
s
iva

could suddenly tear open. If the bead core breaks during

do
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rp

inflation, the carcass will also be destroyed.

um
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
o
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote
53
AG.
6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles)
 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Tyre with broken bead core and destroyed carcass

The figure shows a tyre with a broken bead core and destroyed
carcass as a result of excess pulling force during fitting.
Bead damage due to faulty or incorrect tyre fitting with tyre-fitting
machine agen
AG. Volkswagen AG d
oes
olksw not
The following errors, which may occur when tyres are fitted, caned by V gu
ara
lead to severe tyre damage: horis nte
eo
aut ra
♦ If the opposite tyre bead is not seated completely in rim
s well
s c
when upper bead is rolled in on tyre fitting machine

ce
e
nl

pt
du
⇒ page 53 .

an
itte

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erm

ab
♦ If the fitting head is improperly adjusted.

ility
ot p
♦ If the edge of the fitting roller rolls onto the bead.

wit
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hole
♦ If the guide rollers are worn or have sharp edges.

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
Tyre with split bead
In these cases, the bead, which is under great tension, can be cut
into in the direction of rotation, split and/or be pinched off down

rrectness of i
to the core wire.
l purpos

It is often possible to identify the tracks of the guide roller as it was

applied or ran off where the damage occurred.

nf
ercia

orm
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atio
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Note
o

n in
or c

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Both tyre beads as well as the rim shoulders must always be

t

sd
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coated with assembly paste .

o
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rp

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f

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If fitting damage remains undetected, there is a danger that the
Co
Cop py
tyre will fail later during operation. ht. rig
rig ht
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o Vo
THEREFORE! by c lksw
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Prote AG.
♦ Never fit a tyre without using assembly paste .
♦ Do not allow the bead seating pressure to exceed 3 bar.
♦ Do not allow the tyre inflation pressure to exceed 4 bar.
♦ When the tyre has been fitted, reduce the tyre pressure to the
specified value.

6.7 Useful information about rims

6.7.1 Details on rims

There are several items of information on rims. The following ex‐
ample shows the information needed for clear identification of the
rim:
Part no.: 6E0 601 027 A
Size of rim: 6 J x 15
6 - Rim width in inches
J - Shape of wheel rim flange
15 - Rim diameter in inches
Wheel offset in mm: 43
Data on hump of rim shoulder: EH2
Extended Hump 1)
1)Raised round hump on both rim shoulders. These ensure that
when run-flat tyres are used without air pressure, they will not slip

54 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
V gu
d by ara
ise nte
r
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddyut 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy
ho eo
ra Kas ...
a
Wheels
ss and Tyres Guide - General Information - Editionc 07.2015

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
from rim shoulder. Rims with EH2 are required only if tyres with

itte

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run-flat properties are fitted!

erm

ab
ility
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h re
6.7.2 Rim - pitch circle diameter (PCD)

hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
Pitch circle diameter Model
100 mm All Caddys 1996 > All Pickups 1997 >

rrectness of i
112 mm Transporter 1991 > Transporter 1996 >
l purpos
All Caddys 2004 >
120 mm Transporter 2004 >, Amarok 2011 >

nform
ercia

130 mm LT 1997 > with 5-hole wheel attachment

m

205 mm LT 1997 > with 6-hole wheel attachment

at
om

ion
130 mm Crafter 2006 > with 6-hole wheel attachment
c

in t
or

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205 mm Crafter 2006 > with 6-hole wheel attachment

at

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for

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6.7.3 Split rim composite wheels
C py
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pyri by
Vo
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Split rim alloy wheels consist of several parts.
by c lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
The major parts are the rim and the wheel centre. These parts are
bolted together with special bolts using a special process. This
ensures that the wheel works properly, that it is sealed and safe
and that it runs true. These requirements are not guaranteed with
workshop materials and under workshop conditions.

WARNING

You must not dismantle or repair composite wheels!

6.7.4 Half dual spacing and wheel offset

♦ “Half dual spacing (HMA)” refers to twin wheels and defines
dimension -A- from the centre of the rim to the outer wheel
contact surface.
♦ “Wheel offset (ET)” is dimension -B- from the centre of the rim
of the rim to the hub-sided contact surface of the wheel.
1 - Rim
2 - Wheel
A - Half dual spacing (HMA)
B - Wheel offset (ET)

6.7.5 Care and maintenance of alloy wheel

rims
Regular care is required to maintain the decorative appearance
of alloy wheels over a long period of time.
In particular road salt and dust from brake abrasion must be thor‐
oughly washed off every 2 weeks; otherwise the finish of the alloy
wheel will suffer.
Cleaning agents
Suitable cleaning agents:

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 55

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

♦ Plain water or water with soft soap

♦ Water and essence of vinegar
♦ Alloy wheel cleansers without acids or strong solvents
Do not exceed the soaking time of the cleaning agent.
The shorter the recommended soaking time, the harsher and
more aggressive the cleaning agent. gen AG
. Volkswagen AG
d
wa oes
olks not
Damage to finish byV gu
ara
ed nte
ris
If the finish is damaged, for exampleuby
tho stones, the damage must eo
ra
be repaired as quickly as possibless⇒
a
page 56 . c

ce
le
un

Removing adhesive residue from glued balance weights on alloy

pt
an
d

rims
itte

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erm

ab
♦ Strong solvents and acids attack the finish on alloy wheels and

ility
ot p

the surface of the wheel becomes matt and milky. Therefore,

wit
is n

these substances should not be used.

h re
ole,

spec
♦ To remove adhesive residue on alloy wheels, use alloy cleans‐
urposes, in part or in wh

ers or a petrol-based cleanser. Do not exceed the soaking time

t to the co
of the cleaning agent.
♦ After cleaning or removing adhesive residue from wheels,

rrectne
rinse them with water.

6.7.6 Restoring alloy wheels

ss o
cial p

f inform
WARNING
mer

atio
om

n
♦ Repairing a damaged wheel using heat treatment such as
c

i
or

n
welding or the addition or removal of material is absolutely

thi
te

sd
a

forbidden.
iv

o
pr

cum
r
fo

♦ Damaged or deformed wheel rims or wheel rims with

en
ng

t.
yi
cracked or deformed wheel bolt holes may not be re‐
Co
op py
paired. t. C rig
gh ht
pyri by
♦ Restoration may be undertaken only with tested and ap‐
co Vo
by lksw
cted
proved Genuine paint materials ⇒ Paint repair guide .
agen
Prote AG.

56 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.7.7 The valve

1- Valve body
2- Valve core
3- Valve cap
1. Valve body
The rubber valve for tubeless tyres is designed to create an air-
tight seal in the hole in the rim. The elastic material of the rubber
valve body presses tightly into the hole in the rim.
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen WARNING oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
ed
nte
Do not damage surface thoris
of wheel rim when removing rubber eo
valve (scratching/cuts
s au on paint). On steel wheels in particular, ra
c
even the smallest notches in this area may lead to corrosion,
s

ce
le

hairline cracks or functional impairment of the component.

un

pt
an
d
itte

y li
rm

ab
pe

ility
In the case of valves with a threaded metal base, a rubber seal is
ot

wit
, is n

used to seal the rim. The lateral faces of the rim hole are sealing

h re
surfaces. They must therefore be free of rust and dirt and must
hole

spec
not be damaged.
es, in part or in w

t to the co
2. Valve core
The valve insert has the most important job in the valve. It creates
a seal and enables the regulation of the air pressure. The small

rrectness of i
flat seal on the valve core can only function correctly if it is free of
l purpos

foreign particles, dirt and moisture. The compressed air system

must be free of water and oil!
nform
ercia

3. Valve cap
m

A valve cap must always be screwed onto the valve. It prevents

com

tio

dirt from getting into the valve. Dirt which may be in the valve
n in
r

would reach the seal of the valve plate when the tyre is inflated
te o

thi
s

and cause a leak.

iva

do
r
rp

cum

The valve must be renewed every time a new tyre is fitted.

fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
The fitting must be performed using a commercially available Cop py
. rig
puller.
ht ht
rig by
copy Vo
Snap-in valves must always be installed moistened with a suitable
by lksw
cted agen
Prote
lubricant.
AG.

If the vehicle is driven without caps on the valves, there is the

danger that dirt may get into the valve. This leads to a gradual
loss of air, which in turn can lead to the destruction of the tyre.
♦ Separation of carcass and rubber ⇒ page 52
♦ Wide, circumferential furrows near the bead ⇒ page 52
♦ Stripped tread or stripped protector ⇒ page 52

WARNING

The valve cap must be fitted tightly to ensure air-tight sealing.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 57

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.8 Fitting and removing wheels

⇒ “6.8.1 Rotating wheels”, page 58
⇒ “6.8.2 Fitting notes for changing and fitting wheels except LT
from model year 1997 to model year 2005”, page 58
⇒ “6.8.3 Fitting notes for changing and fitting wheels for LT, model
year 1997 to model year 2005”, page 60
⇒ “6.8.4 Wheel bolts - tightening torque”, page 61
⇒ “6.8.5 Modified wheel bolts for 111 kW Transporter from model
year 2001”, page 62
⇒ “6.8.6 Modified wheel bolts for Amarok 2015 ►, Transporter and
Multivan 2015 ►”, page 62
⇒ “6.8.7 Notes on use of temporary spare wheels”, page 63
⇒ “6.8.8 16" running gear for Transporter type 7DZ; 65, 75 and
85 kW engines; model year 2002”, page 63

6.8.1 Rotating wheels

Vehicles with front-wheel driven Aexhibit
G. Volksmore tread wear on the
wagen A
front wheels due to theogreater
lksw
age forces they have G do
to
es ntransmit.
o V t gu
by a
In order for all 4 rwheels
ise
d on the vehicle to have the sameraservice
nte
life, we recommend
utho rotating the front and rear wheels and tyres.
eo
r
a ac
ss
Ensure that uni-directional tyres are not reversed.
ce
le
un

pt
an

The longer the tyre runs at one position, the more it wears at cer‐
d
itte

y li

tain points. Therefore it is recommended to rotate the wheels at

rm

ab
pe

short intervals, for example every 5,000 km.

ility
ot

wit
, is n

Diagonal rotation is possible only with non-directional tyres. This

h re

method of wheel rotation is especially advantageous in the case

hole

spec

of saw-tooth wear ⇒ page 33 .

es, in part or in w

t to the co

If saw-tooth wear has already progressed and the tread is worn

to more than 50%, only slight improvements would be achieved
and rotation is not recommended. The elasticity of the tread
rrectness of i

blocks declines and the saw-tooth wear does not progress.

l purpos

6.8.2 Fitting notes for changing and fitting

wheels except LT from model year 1997
nform
ercia

to model year 2005

m

a
com

tion in
r

WARNING
te o

thi
s
iva

do
r
rp

Perform the checks and follow the instructions listed below.

um
fo

This is important to ensure that the wheel bolts and the wheels
en
ng

t.
yi Co
are properly secured. ht. Cop py
rig
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

58 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

– Check to ensure that contact surfaces -arrows- on brake disc

or drum are free of corrosion and dirt.

– Check to ensure that contact surface -arrow- on centring seat

of brake disc are free of corrosion and dirt.

n AG. Volkswagen AG do
lkswage es n
o ot g
byV ua
d ran
ir se tee
tho
u or
a ac
ss

ce
e
nl

pt
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itte

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erm

ab
ility
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wit
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h re
– Check to ensure that contact surface -arrow- on inner side of
hole

wheel (rim) and also centring seat of rim are free of corrosion

spec
and dirt.
es, in part or in w

t to the co
– The concave seats * in the holes for the wheel bolts and the
threads of the wheel bolts must also be free of corrosion and

rrectness of i
dirt, oil or grease.
l purpos

* The concave seat is the curved surface of a section of a sphere

cut by a plane.
nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 59

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

– Check whether the wheel bolts can be easily screwed in by

hand. The thread of the wheel bolts must not come into contact
with the bore in the brake disc -arrow-.
If the thread of the wheel bolt touches the hole -arrow-, turn the
brake disc relative to the wheel hub accordingly.
Remove dirt and corrosion, oil or grease from the contact surfa‐
ces, threads in the wheel hub and/or wheel bolts as necessary.

WARNING AG. Volkswagen AG d

agen oes
olksw not
V gu
Damaged, badly corroded or difficult to remove wheel sbolts d by ara
i e nte
must be renewed. thor eo
au ra
ss c

ce
e
nl

pt
Fitting wheels du

an
itte

y li
– Preserve wheel centring seat ⇒ Running gear, axles, steering;
erm

ab
ility
Rep. gr. 44 ; Protecting wheel centring seat against corrosion .
ot p

wit
, is n

1. When fitting the wheel, screw in all wheel bolts uniformly by

h re
hole

hand.

spec
es, in part or in w

2. Tighten wheel bolts diagonally to approx. 30 Nm using, e.g., a

t to the co
wheel brace.
3. Lower vehicle to floor and tighten all wheel bolts in diagonal

rrectness of i
sequence to final specified torque ⇒ page 61 .
l purpos

WARNING

nform
ercia

Never use an impact wrench to mount wheels!

m

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
te

6.8.3 Fitting notes for changing and fitting

a

do
priv

c
wheels for LT, model year 1997 to model

um
for

en
ng

t.
yi
year 2005
Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co
WARNING
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

Perform the checks and follow the instructions listed below.

This is important to ensure that the wheel bolts and the wheels
are properly secured.

Optimal centring of the wheel can likewise only be assured if the

following instructions are adhered to.
Assembly sequence
1. Position wheel.
2. Start wheel bolts or wheel nuts.
3. Tighten wheel bolts or wheel nuts to 30 Nm in diagonal se‐
quence.
4. Fully tighten wheel bolts or wheel nuts to 180 Nm in diagonal
sequence.

60 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

WARNING

♦ Never use an impact wrench to mount wheels!

♦ After the vehicle has been driven 50 km, the wheel nuts
or bolts must be retightened. The customer or vehicle
holder needs to be informed of this.

– Place sign “Warning. Do not forget…” (or words to that effect)

in the vehicle where it can be clearly seen.
This sign can be ordered under item number 000.5190.28.00.

6.8.4 Wheel bolts - tightening torque

The following table shows the allocation of wheel bolts and their
technical data. The part numbers can be found in the ⇒ Electronic
Parts Catalogue “ETKA” .
Type of vehicle Number of wheel bolts Dimensions Tightening torque of
or nuts wheel bolts/wheel nuts
Amarok from 2011 5 M14 x 1.5 x 51 180 Nm
G. Volkswagen AG d
Caddy from 1996 lkswagen A 4oes n M12 x 1.5 x 23.5 110 Nm
, Caddy Pickup from y Vo 1997 ot g
ua
edb ran
Caddy 2004 ho ris
5 tee M14 x 1.5 x 27 120 Nm
ut or
Transporter
ss
a
through 12.95 5 ac
M14 x 1.5 x 34 160 Nm
ce
e

Transporter from 01.96 5 M14 x 1.5 x 34 170 Nm

nl

pt
du

an
itte

Transporter from 2004 5 M14 x 1.5 x 34 180 Nm

y li
erm

ab

LT 28 and 35 from 1997 5 M14 x 1.5 x 34 180 Nm

ility
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wit
, is n

LT 46 from 1997 6 wheel nuts M14 x 1.5 180 Nm

h re
hole

Crafter 2006 with steel wheels 6 wheel bolts M14 x 1.5 x 53 240 Nm
spec
es, in part or in w

Crafter 2006 with light alloy 6 wheel bolts M14 x 1.5 x 53 180 Nm
t to the co

wheels
Crafter 2006 with twin wheels 6 wheel nuts M14 x 1.5 180 Nm
rrectness of i
l purpos

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 61

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

6.8.5 Modified wheel bolts for 111 kW Trans‐

porter from model year 2001
Revised wheel bolts were used from model year 2001 and there‐
after. These have the same dimensions and torque settings as
the previous and modified wheel bolts.
1 - For vehicles through model year 2000
Surface black-finished - part number -701 601 139 B- .
Not permitted on vehicles from model year 2001 or later.
2 - Wheel bolt for vehicles from model year 2001 and later
Collar -arrow- is not fixed in place on the hexagon.
Silver (colour) coated surface - part number -7M3 601 139 B- .
Permitted on vehicles through model year 2000.
. Volkswagen AG
gen AG does
WARNING
Vol
ksw
a
not
by gu
d ara
ise nte
♦ The modified
ut
ho r
wheel bolts are not permitted on vehicles eo
produced to model year 2000.
a ra
ss c
ce
le

♦ Wheel rims from vehicles produced to model year 2000

un

pt
an
d

are not permitted on vehicles from model year 2001 or

itte

y li

later.
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
is n

h re
ole,

6.8.6 Modified wheel bolts for Amarok 2015 ►,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

Transporter and Multivan 2015 ►

t to the co

Revised wheel bolts were used from model year 2015 and there‐
after. These have the same dimensions and torque settings as
rrectne

the previous and modified wheel bolts.

ss o

WARNING
cial p

f inform
mer

A mixed installation on the vehicle is not permissible.

atio
om

All 20 wheel bolts must be of the same type -1 or 2-.

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

Differences between wheel bolts

um
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi
1 - Wheel bolt for vehicles through model year 2014
Co
Cop py
ht. rig
-WHT 002 529-
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
Collar -arrow- has a groove and is not seamlessly attached to the
cted agen
Prote AG.
hexagon.
2 - Wheel bolt for vehicles from model year 2015 and later
Part no. -WHT 001 964 A-
Collar -arrow- does not have a groove and is not seamlessly at‐
tached to the hexagon.
– The wheel bolt -2- may also be installed in vehicles ►2015.
The only restriction is that 20 wheel bolts of the same type must
be used for one vehicle.
A mixed installation is not permissible.

62 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , .Caddy
n AG Volkswa2011
gen AG➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
wage does
Wheels
y Vo and Tyres Guide - General
lks Information
notg - Edition 07.2015
b ua
ed ran
ris tee
6.8.7 Notes on use of temporary spare wheels tho
or
au ac
ss
Inform your customers about the following notes and, if appropri‐

ce
le
un

pt
ate, refer also to the user's manual of the vehicle as the need

an
d
itte

y li
arises.

erm

ab
ility
ot p
The following notes also apply to spare wheels, e.g. 7 J x 16 with

wit
is n
205/55 R 16 tyres, marked with a yellow sticker with the text “MAX

h re
80 km/h” or “MAX 50 mph”
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
Note

♦ Instead of a spare wheel of this kind, vehicles may have a

rrectne
spare wheel with the sticker described above (depending on
equipment level).

ss o
♦ The spare wheel or temporary spare wheel is intended only
cial p

f in
for temporary use over short distances. Therefore, it must be

form
mer

replaced by a normal wheel as quickly as possible.

atio
om

♦ After the temporary or spare wheel has been fitted, the tyre

n
c

i
or

n
pressure must be checked as soon as possible. The correct

thi
te

tyre pressure can be gleaned from the tyre pressure table in

sd
iva

o
r

the respective vehicle or the relevant maintenance manual.

p

cum
r
fo

en
ng

♦ Always observe the speed warning on the temporary spare

t.
yi Co
op
wheel (“MAX 80 km/h” or “MAX 50 mph”).
C py
t. rig
gh ht
yri by
♦ Full acceleration, hard braking and driving fast through curves cop Vo
by lksw
should be avoided. cted agen
Prote AG.

♦ Never drive with more than one spare wheel or temporary

spare wheel.
♦ The use of snow chains on the temporary spare wheel is not
permitted for technical reasons.
♦ If it is necessary to travel with snow chains, the temporary
spare wheel must be fitted on the rear axle even if the front
tyre has been damaged. The wheel that is now free should be
fitted in place of the defective front wheel.

6.8.8 16" running gear for Transporter type

7DZ; 65, 75 and 85 kW engines; model
year 2002
Vehicles from week 36 of 2001 with
♦ 2.5l TDI 65 kW engine
♦ 2.5l TDI 75 kW engine
♦ 2.5l 85 kW petrol engine
can now also be ordered with 16 inch running gear under pro‐
duction control number 2E3 (special equipment). It has the same
scope as the 16 inch running gear familiar from the 111 kW and
V6 units.
The vehicle data sticker for these vehicles includes production
control number 2E3, denoting that 16 inch running gear is instal‐
led.
The vehicle data sticker is located on the A-pillar, next to the cen‐
tral electrics.

6. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) 63

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

Transporter vehicles ordered from the factory with 16" running

gear cannot be converted to 15" wheels and tyres.

6.9 Breakdown set for VW Vehicles

lksw
agen
AG. Volkswagen AG d
oes
n o ot g
yV ua
⇒ Running gear, axles, steering; Rep. rgr.
ise 44 ; Vehicles with
db ran
tee
breakdown sets ut
ho
or
a ac
ss

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

64 Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry

 Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2016 ➤ , Caddy Kas ...
Wheels and Tyres Guide - General Information - Edition 07.2015

7 Plate
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
1 - Type approval number d by V gu
ara
ise nte
r
2 - Vehicle Identification
ut Num‐
ho eo
ra
ber (VIN) ss a c

ce
le
un

3 - Engine code

pt
an
d
itte

y li
4 - Maximum permissible
rm

ab
pe

weight

ility
ot

wit
, is n

5 - Maximum permissible tow‐

h re
ing weight
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

6 - Maximum permissible front

t to the co
axle load
7 - Maximum permissible read

rrectness of i
axle load
l purpos

8 - Model/version

nform
mercia

a
com

tion in
r
te o

thi
s
iva

do
r
rp

cum
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Cop py
ht. rig
rig ht
py by
co Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

7. Plate 65