1. Dairy farming is _____ leading agricultural activity in the United States.

(A) a
(B) at
(C) then
(D) none

2. Although thunder and lightening are produced at the same time, light waves travel
faster _____, so we see the lightening before we hear the thunder.

(A) than sound waves do

(B) than sound waves are
(C) do sound waves
(D) sound waves

3. Beef cattle _____ of all livestock for economic growth in certain geographic
regions.

(A) the most are important

(B) are the most important
(C) the most important are
(D) that are the most important

4. The discovery of the halftone process in photography in 1881 made it _____

photographs in books and newspapers.

(A) the possible reproduction

(B) possible to reproduce
(C) the possibility of reproducing
(D) possibly reproduce

5.Flag Day is a legal holiday only in the state of Pennsylvania, _____

Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag.

(A) which
(B) where
(C) that
(D) has

6. _____ vastness of the Grand Canyon, it is difficult to capture it in a single

photograph.

(A) While the

(B) The
(C) For the
(D) Because of the

7.Speciation, _____, results when an animal population becomes isolated by some factor, usually
geographic.

(A) form biological species

(B) biological species are formed
(C) which forming biological species
(D) the formation of biological species
8. In its pure state antimony has no important uses, but _____ with other
substances, it is extremely useful metal.

(A) when combined physically or chemically

(B) combined when physically or chemically
(C) the physical and chemical combination
(D) it is combined physically and chemically

9. The dawn redwood appears _____

some 100 million years ago in northern forests around the world.

(A) was flourished

(B) having to flourished
(C) to have flourished
(D) have flourished

10. Beginning in the Middle Ages, composers of Western music used a system of
notating their compositions _____ be performed by musicians.

(A) will
(B) that
(C) and when to
(D) so they could

11. Civil Rights are the freedoms and rights _____ as a member of a community, state, or
nation.

(A) may have a person

(B) may have a person who
(C) a person may have
(D) and a person may have

12. Richard Wright enjoyed success and influence _____ among Black American
writers of his era.

(A) were unparalleled

(B) are unparalleled
(C) unparalleled
(D) the unparalleled

13. _____ of large mammals once dominated the North American Prairies: the
American bison and the pronghorn antelope.

(A) There are two species

(B) With two species
(C) Two species are
(D) Two species

14. Franklin D. Roosevelt was _____ the great force of radio and the opportunity it
provided for taking government policies directly to the people.

(A) as the first President he understood fully

(B) the first President that, to fully understand
(C) the first President fully understand
(D) the first President to understand fully
15. During the late fifteenth century,
_____ of the native societies of America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.

(A) only a few

(B) a few but
(C) few, but only
(D) a few only

16. A microscope can reveal vastly _____

detail than is visible to the naked eye.

(A) than
(B) than more
(C) more than
(D) more

17. Narcissus bulbs _____ at least three inches apart and covered with about four
inches of well-drained soil.

(A) should be planted

(B) to plant
(C) must planting
(D) should plant

18. Industrialization has been responsible for

_____ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans.

(A) a
(B) the
(C) some of which
(D) which are the

19. In many areas the slope and topography of the land _____ excess rainfall to run
off into a natural outlet.

(A) neither permit

(B) without permitting
(C) nor permitting
(D) do not permit

20. Color and light, taken together, ______

the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.

(A) very powerfully influence

(B) very influence powerfully
(C) powerfully very influence
(D) influence powerfully very
21. _____ that Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of
inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.

(A) There is likely

(B) Likely to be
(C) It is likely
(D) Likely

22. Total color blindness, _____, is the result of a defect in the retina.

(A) a rare condition that

(B) a rare condition
(C) that a rare condition
(D) is a rare condition

23. _____ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was
invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world.

(A) Even
(B) But
(C) Although
(D) So

24. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is _____ in
various forms.

(A) abundant
(B) the abundance
(C) an abundant
(D) it abundant

25. Most of _____ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies
of material remains.

(A) these
(B) what
(C) which
(D) their

26. In her time, Isadora Duncan was _____

today a liberated woman.

(A) calling what we would

(B) who would be calling
(C) what we would call
(D) she would call it

27. _____ around stones that are sun warmed, even the smallest of stones creates tiny
currents of warm air.

(A) The cool air

(B) If the air is cool
(C) That the air cools
(D) The cooler the air

28. According to some critics, the novels of William Burroughs demonstrate the major
hazard of absurd literature, _____
tendency toward overembellishment and incoherence.

(A) notwithstanding
(B) besides
(C) is a
(D) its

29. Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation, country music has certain
common features _____ its own special character.

(A) give it that

(B) that give it
(C) give that
(D) that gives it to

30. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920's _____ in
blues music.

(A) was one of the greatest periods

(B) one of the greatest periods
(C) was of the greatest periods
(D) the greatest periods

31. After quartz, calcite is the _____ in the crust of the Earth.
(A) mineral is most abundant
(B) mineral that most abundant
(C) most abundant mineral that
(D) most abundant mineral
32. Regarded as the world’s foremost linguistic theorist, Noam Chomsky continues _____ new
theories about language and language learning.

(A) for creating

(B) by creation
(C) to create
(D) create

33. _____ any area receives more water than the ground can absorb, the excess water flows to the
lowest level, carrying loose mineral.

(A) Being
(B) Whenever
(C) When might
(D) Is

34. In 1935 seismologist Charles F. Richter devised _____ for rating the strength of
earthquakes.

(A) for the numerical scale

(B) the scale is numerical
(C) a numerical scale
(D) a scale of numerical

35. After the Second World War the woman wage earner _____ a standard part of
middle-class life in the United States.

(A) who became

(B) becoming that which
(C) became
(D) to become

36. Celluloid and plastics have largely replaced genuine ivory in the manufacture
_____ buttons, billiard balls, and piano keys.

(A) of such things as

(B) as of such things
(C) such things as of
(D) things as of such

37. One of the tenets of New Criticism is that a critic need not tell readers
_____ about a story.

(A) which thinking

(B) what to think
(C) that thinking
(D) to think what

38. The outer ear, _____ the fleshy pinna and the auditory canal, picks up and
funnels sound waves toward the eardrum.
(A) includes
(B) which it includes
(C) which includes
(D) of which includes

39. The chair may be the oldest type of furniture, _____ its importance has varied from
time to time and from country to country.

(A) but when

(B) until then
(C) in spite of
(D) although

40. When wood, natural gas, oil, or any other fuel burns, _____ with oxygen in the air to
produce heat.

(A) combining substances in the fuel

(B) substances in the fuel that combine
(C) substances in the fuel combine
(D) a combination of substances in the fuel

41. Deserts are arid land areas where

_____ through evaporation than is gained through precipitation.

(A) the loss of more water

(B) loses more water
(C) is more water lost
(D) more water is lost

42. When goshawk chicks are young,

_____ parents share in the hunting duties and in guarding the nest.

(A) the both

(B) both
(C) both of
(D) and both

43. Not only _____ among the largest animals that ever lived, but they are also among the
most intelligent.

(A) are whales

(B) whales
(C) some whales
(D) they are whales

44. Fish are the most ancient form of vertebrate life, and _____ all other
vertebrates.

(A) from them evolved

(B) evolved them
(C) to evolve
(D) they are evolved
45. _____ 350 species of sharks, and although they are all carnivorous, only a few species will
attack people.

(A) About
(B) Where about
(C) There are about
(D) About the

46. Some snakes lay eggs, but others _____ birth to live offspring.

(A) give
(B) giving
(C) they give
(D) to have given

47. Because it was so closely related to communication,

_____ art form to develop.

(A) drawing was probably the earliest

(B) to draw early was probably
(C) early drawing probably
(D) the earliest draw

48. Halley's Comet had its first documented sighting in 240 B.C. in China and
_____ it has been seen from the Earth 29 times.

(A) after
(B) because of
(C) since then
(D) that is

49. _____ that managers commit in problem solving is jumping to a

conclusion about the cause of a given problem.

(A) Major errors

(B) Since the major error
(C) The major error
(D) Of the major errors

50. Algonkian-speaking Native Americans greeted the Pilgrims _____ settled on

the eastern shores of what is now New England.

(A) to whom
(B) of which
(C) who
(D) which