PARTS OF A LAMP
The Globe
The outer glass shell of the light bulb is called the globe. The globe is made from a fine layer of glass to
ensure maximum light efficiency and yet is strong enough to support the other parts of the light bulb.
The shape of the light bulb is one of a plant bulb because the rays of light from the filament are much
more effective with its current shape.
The Filament
The filament inside the light bulb is shaped as a coil to allow the required length of tungsten within its
small environment to the display the correct wavelength of light. Tungsten is a natural solid metal and a
chemical element which when used raw is found to be brittle but in its purer form is quite strong. As the
coiled tungsten heats up light is naturally formed from the tungsten material.
Wires and a Stem
Within the inner center of the light bulb there is a centralized stem made from glass, which supports the
filament in its place. The connecting wires ensure the steady flow of electricity through the components
of the light bulb, according to Ohm's law. Similar to the way the human heart works when blood travels
to and from the heart, there is a wire that takes the electricity from the base of the light bulb and
another wire that returns the used electricity back to the base.
Invisible Gases
Unseen within the light bulb are inert gases usually formed of argon and/or nitrogen. These low-
pressured gases prevent the filament within a light bulb from burning out and support the light bulb's
airless environment from compression.
The base
The base of the light bulb has four main responsibilities. The first job is to securely support the light bulb
within an electrical source unit, like a lamp or a light fitting. The second job of the base is to transfer the
electricity from the main electrical source unit to the inner side of the light bulb itself. Another
responsibility of the base is to protect the inner insulation which prevents electricity from backfiring into
the unit's main electrical source, such as a lamp. The last job is to secure the globe and all of its
components into the bulb itself, creating a reliable and natural light source.
SOURCES OF LIGHT
There are two general sources of light: natural source and artificial source.
(I) Natural Sources : Our most important natural source of light is the sun. Nearly all the natural light we receive
comes from the sun; moonlight is sunlight reflected from the surface of the moon. Distant stars provide an
extremely small amount of light.
(II) Artificial Sources : There are several ways of producing artificial light. In general, artificial light source can be
divided into three categories viz.
(i) Thermal Sources : Example of thermal source are incandescent lamp, burning candle, etc. When
object is heated until it glows or becomes incandescent, it emits all visible wavelengths along with large quantity
of infrared radiation. Hence, as producers of visible radiation (i.e. luminous energy), they have a low efficiency.
Generally, the efficiency of such light sources improves as the operating temperature is increased.
(ii) Gas Discharge Sources : Example of gas discharge source are neon lamp, sodium lamps, etc. In this
case, light is obtained by maintaining electric current in a gas at low pressure. Such a source emits only a few
wavelength. The color and intensity of light of light depends upon the nature of gas or vapor only. It may be
noted that in case of light emitted by a thermal source, the spectrum is continuous. However, when light is
obtained from a gaseous discharge, the spectrum is discontinuous i.e. it consists of one or more colored lines.
For examples, in the case of sodium lamp, the spectrum consists mainly of two yellow lines very close together
with wavelengths of 5890Å. These wavelengths are so close to each other that light from a sodium lamp is said
to be monochromatic i.e. a light having only one wavelength.
(iii) Luminescent Sources : The familiar example of such a source is the fluorescent tube. A fluorescent
tube consist of a thin-walled glass tube with fluorescent substance coated on the inside of the tube. An electric
current is maintained in mercury vapors at low pressure. It emits visible radiation as well as ultraviolet radiations
(invisible). The fluorescent material absorbs ultraviolet radiation and re-emits them at longer wavelengths of the
visible spectrum.
TCP 14-Watt (65W) R30 Daylight CFL Light Bulbs (6-Pack)
SPECIFICATIONS
3-Way No Actual Color Temperature 5000 K
(K)
Assembled Depth (in.) 3.7 in Assembled Height (in.) 5.4 in
Assembled Width (in.) 3.7 in Average Life (hours) 8000
Bulb Diameter (In.) 3.7 Bulb Length (In.) 5.4
Bulb Type Flood & Spot Color Temperature Daylight
Commercial/Residential Commercial / Residential Dimmable No
Energy Star Compliant No Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor
Light Bulb Base Type Medium Light Color Daylight
Light Output (lumens) 600 lm Manufacturer Warranty 2 Year Warranty
Number in Package 6 Specialty Bulb Type Flood & Spot
Start-Up Type Rapid Watt Equivalence 65 W
Wattage (watts) 14 W
GE 40-Watt Crystal Clear A15 Ceiling Fan Intermediate Base Incandescent
Light Bulb (2-Pack)
SPECIFICATIONS
3-Way No Actual Color Temperature 2600 K
(K)
Assembled Depth (in.) 1.875 in Assembled Height (in.) 3.5 in
Assembled Width (in.) 1.875 in Average Life (hours) 1500
Bulb Diameter (In.) 1.5 Bulb Length (In.) 3
Bulb Type Household Color Temperature Bright White
Commercial/Residential Commercial / Residential Dimmable Yes
Energy Star Compliant No Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor
Light Bulb Base Type Intermediate Light Output (lumens) 320 lm
Manufacturer Warranty 1 year limited Number in Package 2
Returnable 90-Day Specialty Bulb Type Household / General
Purpose
Wattage (watts) 40 W
Feit Electric 23-Watt (100W) Twist CFL Light Bulb (12-Pack)
SPECIFICATIONS
3-Way No Actual Color Temperature 2700 K
(K)
Assembled Depth (in.) 9 in Assembled Height (in.) 5.25 in
Assembled Width (in.) 12 in Average Life (hours) 10000
Bulb Diameter (In.) 4.8 Bulb Length (In.) 2.25
Bulb Type Household Color Temperature Soft White
Commercial/Residential Commercial / Residential Dimmable No
Energy Star Compliant Yes Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor
Light Bulb Base Type Medium Light Color Soft White
Light Output (lumens) 1600 lm Manufacturer Warranty 10,000 HOURS
Number in Package 12 Returnable 90-Day
Specialty Bulb Type Household / General Start-Up Type Instant
Purpose
Watt Equivalence 100 W Wattage (watts) 23 W
RESEARCH PAPER IN
BUILDING UTILITIES 03
‘LIGHTING’
SUBMITTED BY:
KEVIN TORDILLOS
BSA – 03
SUBMITTED TO:
ARCH. ANGELO BULAN
SUBJECT TEACHER
