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Writing References in Your

Manuscript

Prof. Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim

Microbiology Department-College of Medicine, Taif University

Section of the manuscript

• Title
• Author list
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Review
• Material & Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• References [ Detailed description of a published document
from which you have obtained the information]

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In which section you should use

references
• Title X
• Author list X
• Abstract X
• Introduction YES
• Material & Methodology YES
• Results X
• Discussion YES

TYPES OF REFERENCES
• Journal Reference
• Book Reference Book chapter
Book
• Electronic source

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• No female name is written in the reference

section. write Family name

• Zeinab Hassan Ali.

• Ali, Z. H. CORRECT
even male
• Ali, Zeinab, H. WRONG Familynamethen
Initials
• Zeinab, H. A. WRONG

Bibliographic Elements
comma inbtw

– Authors (List all authors, Family name, Initials: Alghamdi, A.L.,

Alqahtani, M.N. Abdel-Moneim, A.S. ) 0
– Article title (should be exact as existing)
– Journal name (should be in standard full journal name or in
abbreviations [PubMed standard]) Stander name Fullname
– Year
standerdabbreviation
– Volume
fromPubmed
– Number
– Page numbers From to
Alghamdi, A.L., Alqahtani, M.N., Abdel-Moneim, A.S.
(2018). Isolation of human respiratory syncytial virus
from children with severe respiratory distress in Taif.
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 25(2):445-452.
standerd Abb J MedMicrobiol
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Diffstyleofwriting Journal Decide which style

Journal Reference

• Two main Components of a Journal Reference

Bibliographic Elements and Punctuations Marks

Punctuation Marks
Familynameinitial dotbtweach thenothername Full stop after the last author
Coma followed by space after each author followed by space and then
do not write and before the last author the year, and article title

Alghamdi, A.L., Alqahtani, M.N., Abdel-

Moneim, A.S. (2018). Isolation of human
respiratory syncytial virus from children
with severe respiratory distress in Taif.
Journal of Medical Microbiology,
25(2):445-452.
Full stop followed by
space
volume followed by
the number without Brackets around the
any space number followed by Hyphen to separate the
colon: page no.

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b
this before endnote
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Some randomly picked up references

from manuscripts
Ies wa
Iz
• Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, Baselga E, Chamlin SL et
al. Study of infantile hemangiomas: clinical
characteristics predicting complications and
treatment Pediatrics 2006, 118 :882-887

1. et al written after 4 authors…

2. 2006, 118 :882-887…..

You can but Fix it to match your journal style

And confirm its correct citation by returning to
the original article.

9 in multinationalstudy reachtooname soJournalSayA name Uthen

write only4 name etal
other Journal say write all names so Followthem

Book Reference
• Chapter in a book
Example chapter title
whowritechapter
Miyano T, Kobayashi H, Chen SC. Long term results of
biliary atresia. In: Gupta DK, editor. Text Book of
Neonatal Surgery, 1st edn. New Delhi: Modern
nameofbook
Publishers; 2000. p. 288-91.
Nedition
Yearof Pubication Page
In mainAuthor

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Authors of the Title of the chapter

chapter

• Miyano T, Kobayashi H, Chen SC. Long term

results of biliary atresia. In: Gupta DK, editor.
Text Book of Neonatal Surgery, 1st ed. New
Delhi: Modern Publishers; 2000. p. 288-91.
Year and page no.
Name of the
book
City of Edition no
publication Name of Chief Editor of the
publisher book

The punctuation marks are to followed as seen in this example

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fyi I a is i E Il I IN

1-Chen B, Liu F, Ding S, Ying X, Wang L, Wen Y. Gender differences in factors

associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical
college students. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):341-350.

1-Chen B, Liu F, Ding S, Ying X, Wang L, Wen Y (2017). Gender differences in

factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among
medical college students. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1):341-350.

1-Chen, B., Liu, F., Ding, S., Ying, X., Wang, L., Wen, Y. (2017). Gender
differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional
study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1):341-350.

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Internet Reference
The three main types of electronic sources are:
• Websites or web pages WHO CDC
• Complete works (reports, research papers,
online books)
• Journal article on the Internet

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• Websites or web pages /Homepage/Web site

name where
– Cancer-Pain.org [Internet]. New York: Association
of Cancer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-01
which [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available
from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/. link

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• Complete works (reports, research papers, online

books)
• Database on the Internet
– Who's Certified [Internet]. Evanston (IL): The
American Board of Medical Specialists. c2000 - [cited
2001 Mar 8]. Available from:
http://www.abms.org/newsearch.asp

ship

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• Journal article on the Internet

– John S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing
homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs
[Internet]. 2002 Jun. Available from:
http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatc
h.htmArticle

ship

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Citing References in the text

• Based on the journal style:
• Could be numerals in box parentheses e.g. [1]
in the text as a superscript.

write as number
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• HBoV was recorded worldwide since its initial

discovery in 2005 (Andha and Chhabra 2013; Birru et
al., 2016; Clahigna et al., 2010; Mousa et al., 2013; Peier et
al., 2010; Shahrakai et al., 2011).

write all refrance withintext

if 2 writer etal

2 way to write Refraneewithintext HowtoarrangeI

1 Alphabetical A B L
2 by year 2010 2013 2014 old tonew
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What is Endnote?

Create and manages reference lists.

Enables searching of reference "libraries" by author, keyword,

date, etc.

In Word documents, automatically formats the references in the

different journal format for you.

Many online databases allow references to be sent directly into

Endnote [Google scholar, PubMed, …etc].

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Entering References:

Three ways:

(a) Manually type them in.

(b) Search in online databases and import the reference

directly to your Endnote library.

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Manually Entering References (1)

(a) To start a
new Endnote
library,
click on "file",
then "new"

(b) This box

appears -
enter a
filename for
your new
library

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Manually Entering References (2)

Your new
reference
library (empty at
the moment...)

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Manually Entering References (3)

To enter a
reference,
go to "New
Reference"

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Manually Entering References (4)

Select which
type of
reference you
want (journal,
book, comic,
etc.)

Enter details of
the reference in
the relevant
"fields"
(Optional how
many you use).

Pubmed 1 scholar I 11 I't b b th it If

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Manually Entering References (5)

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Manually Entering References (6)

Click on "Close
Reference" to finish
entering this
particular reference.

Click on "New
Reference" to add
another reference.

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A completed reference library:

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I Dl

lol's

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E I Al tu ITH
29 endnoteJl

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Clicking “Insert Citation”, a pop-up box

will appear allowing you to find the
desired citation to insert in the Word
document.

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Cite While You Write (CWYW)

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Remember
• Providing the references in correct style with
accurate bibliographic details is authors’
responsibility.
• Editor has the full right to reject the manuscript
on technical grounds if the references are wrong
or it may be sent back to the author for
correction thus increasing manuscript processing
time.

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