Leading Efficiency Lower Emissions

Power & Heat in a Coal rich world:

Critical Element of the Green Bridge Initiative

United Nations ECE and Ministry of Energy,Republic Kazakhstan

Astana, 9Element
Critical th March 2016
of the Green Bridge Initiative
Charles Soothill
Chief Technology Office
A DIGITAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANY
With more than 300,000 people operating in 175 countries, GE is GE Store that each business shares and accesses the same
the world’s Digital Industrial Company, transforming industry with technology, markets, structure and intellect. At GE, each invention
software-defined machines and solutions that are connected, further fuels innovation and application across our industrial sectors.
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exchange of knowledge that we call the GE Store. It’s through the outcomes for customers by speaking the language of industry.

POWER ENERGY RENEWABLE OIL & GAS AVIATION TRANSPORTATION HEALTHCARE APPLIANCES
MANAGEMENT ENERGY & LIGHTING
~$28B ~$11B ~$9B $18.7B $24B $5.7B $18.3B $8.4B

2014 REVENUES

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2016 General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
GE POWER
~$21.5B ’15 revenue ~62,000 staff >125 countries Steve Bolze, CEO
Schenectady, NY

Gas Power Systems Power Services Steam Power Systems

High Efficiency, Scale Power Optimizing Plant Performance Advanced Steam Power Expertise
• Power Plants (combined • Installation planning/execution • Integrated advanced Steam
& simple cycle) • Maintenance, repairs Power solutions
• Gas Turbines & outage solutions • Steam Turbines and Generators
• Steam Turbines • Multi-year service • Advanced Boilers
• Generators & agreements • Air Quality Control
Controls • Hardware/software Systems (AQCS)
• Heat Recovery blended upgrades including CCS
Steam Generators • Data-driven • Nuclear Turbine Island
software solutions Solutions

$XXB
Distributed Power GE Hitachi Nuclear Water & Process Technologies
Broad, Efficient Portfolio Advanced Reactor Technologies Energy Efficient Water Solutions
• Reciprocating engines (0.1 to 10 MW) • ESBWR, ABWR, PRISM • Chemical &
• Jenbacher engines, • Outage & Asset Monitoring Solutions
power equip. & services Optimization Services • Engineered Systems
• High efficiency & • Fuels & • Mobile Water
fuel flexibility: Engineering • Build-Own-
Natural gas, CHP, Services Operate Services
oilfield power,
diesel & special
gas applications

Digital Capabilities – Building for the Future 3

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Full Turnkey Coal-fired Plant

1 Unit 1000MW, 1 B$ contract:

15% Civil works
2,234 piles, 200ft each
3 million ft3 concrete
650 feet high chimney

55% Power block supply

Boiler 26’000 tons, 56’000 shop welds
Largest part 470 ton generator by barge
10’000 tons piping

12% BoP
650 miles cables
12 000 I/O in DCS

18% Erection
23 million hours worked
4.000 workers on site peak
50’000 welds at site Manjung 4 … turnkey Coal-fired Power Plant
First ultrasupercritical plant & most eficienct coal plant in Southeast Asia
270 bar/595 ºC/603.5 ºC/Condenser vacuum is 75 mbar

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 Creating value for customers

INDUSTRY LEADING
TECHNOLOGY

Understanding Understanding Technology How do we Creating

Market Drivers & how to apply it differentiate? Customer value

• Leading products
• Difficult fuels • Plant Integrator™
• Emissions compliance • Platform building blocks
• Project risk • Proven results

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 GE Steam Power Systems: Solutions that can
address customer value Flue Gas
Desulphurization (FGD)
Boiler island • Wet FGD (OST,
• Boilers for all fuels: Coal, Oil, Gas FLOWPAC*)
• Two-Pass, Tower and CFB technology • Dry FGD (SDA & NID*)
• Coal Mills • Seawater FGD
• NOx control: SCR Systems (Selective
Catalytic Reduction, low-NOx burners) Particulate Control
• Fabric Filter
Turbine Island • Electrostatic
• Steam turbine Precipitators (Wet and Dry)
• Generator
• Condensers/heaters Mercury Control
• KNX*
• Mer-Cure*
• Filsorption*
Carbon Dioxide Control
• Chilled Ammonia
• Oxy Firing
• Integrated power package (iPP)
• Turbine Island (EPC)
• Power Block (EPC)
• Full turnkey (EPC)
6
*Trademark of General Electric Company.
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Market Dynamics – Coal
Fuel Diversity & Quality

(1) Reserves: Diversified Fuel Type Globally (2) Lower Quality Coal (e.g. Indonesia)
Russia

Europe

ME

Africa
China
NAM
India
RoA
LAM

Bituminous Oceania
Sub-bituminous
Lignite
Oil

Diverse fuels require expertize to utilize

7

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GE Circulating Fluid Bed Moisture (%)
Ekibastuz coal
5% to 9%

Boilers with Range of Coal Ash (%)

Vol. matter (%)
39,1 - 40,1
17,3 - 20,8
VM/MAF in % Tamuin (petcoke) S (%) 0,4-0,7
0 Mai Liao (petcoke) N (%) 0,82 - 0,88
Low Volume of Flue Gas
2 Baima Low Reactivity LHV (kJ/kg) 15 663 – 16 705
Anthracite
Coa Ngam Si02 + Al2O3 >85%

14 High Volume of Flue Gas

Ekibastuz coal High Reactivity
Low Vol. Bit Seward
22 Emile Huchet
Quinhangdao Gardanne
Gilbert #3 Tarahan
Zeran Kaiyuan
Medium Vol. Bit. Spurlock #4
Xiaolongtan
31
Can
Akrimota
Red Hills

High vol. High vol. C Bit. or

High vol. A bit. Subbit. B Subbit. C Lignite
B bit. Subbit. A

60
8890 7780 7220 6110 5280 4610
HHV with inherent moisture without mineral matter (kcal/kg)
Indigenous Fuel – Independence and Local Jobs

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 Market Dynamics - Coal
Stringent Emissions Regulation

mg/Nm3
Europe India China East Asia
mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3
Regulated (Germany) (South Korea)
300 300 300 300

200 200 200 200

New standards
100 100 100 100

0 0 0 0

"Today" Existing plants

"Today" New built plants
Future regulation trends

• New regulations expected in key market (India)

• Close to CCPP (Gas) emission level set for plants in 11 provinces in Eastern part of China
• New standards on lower emission levels than previous European levels

Future regulations will increase demands on efficiency and emission control

9

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Current Emission limits

Particles SOx NOx Reference

Mg/Nm3 Mg/Nm3 Mg/Nm3
Steam flow >499 t/h Kazah Government
500 780 500 Decree No 1232 dd
14.12.2007

Industrial Emission
Directive 2010/75
Directive 10 150 150 Nov 2010
>300 MWth
Proposed new EU
Emission Limits 2-5 10-75 65-85 Not approved yet
Values (ELV)
EHS IFC/WB EHS Guidelines
Thermal Power
Solid fuels plant 30-50 200-850 200-510 Plants December
>600 MWth 2008

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Customer value generated with higher
efficiency

-0.5% -0.8% -1%

Assumptions:
• Bituminous Coal : Ekibastuz
Kazakhstan D LCOE ( % )
• Fuel Price : 10$/ton
• Operating hours : 6500 Baseline
• Net Capacity : 150 MW SubCritical Supercritical Supercritical Ultra-Supercritical
• No additional Capex to move to SC 165 bar
565/565°C
250 bar
565/565°C
270 bar
585/585°C
290-300 bar
605/605°C
• No additional Opex
CO2
-4% -7% -8%
Emissions
SC/USC vs SubC:
4.4
Efficiency improvement from 3.5
2% to 3% point 2.4
CO2 emissions reduction
from ~4% to 8% D NPV M$
Baseline
SubCritical Supercritical Supercritical Ultra-Supercritical
165 bar 250 bar 270 bar 290-300 bar
565/565°C 565/565°C 585/585°C 605/605°C

2016 GE Proprietary & Confidential Information

Kazakhstan Intended Nationally Determined
Contribution -COP21
The Republic of Kazakhstan wishes to communicate the following Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC), and intends to achieve an
economy-wide target of 15%- 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
by 2030 compared to 1990

The implementation of the «Green» Economy Concept, and adoption of

related legislative acts, should lead to modernisation of key infrastructure
and production technologies based on energy-efficient technologies, and
will make a significant contribution to reducing the emissions of greenhouse
gases. e Green Bridge Initiative

Critical Element of the Green Bridge Initiative

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Technology Update

• Efficiency
• Emissions
• Carbon Capture Systems
• Fuel Flexibility with CFB
High Performance
Double Reheat & 700+°C

Today +11.3%
Change in plant net efficiency (relative)

+8.7%

+6.7% GE Focus
Area
+6.0%

+4.0%

Baseline
170 bar 260 bar 260 bar 275 bar 300 bar 350 bar
540°C 565°C 600°C 600°C 600°C 700°C
540°C 585°C 600°C 620°C 620/620°C 720°C
Sub-critical Supercritical Ultra-supercritical Double reheat 700+°C

Efficiency delivers reduced Emission and Fuel costs

14

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Air Quality Control Systems (AQCS)
for Power Generation & Industry

For power generation Industrial portfolio

Aluminium Waste-to-Energy Iron & Steel

Cement

5000+ gas cleaning

industrial units
installed worldwide
Oil & Gas Pulp & Paper Non Ferrous

Pollutant Removal performance

SOx SO2 NOx Particulates Mercury
>95% >99% ≥98% <10mg/Nm3 >90%

>80 years of experience, compliance with strictest international standards

15

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 Carbon Capture Technology
Capture
Power plants
Transport Industry
Pipelines
Ships
• 14 GE pilots in EU & USA
• Pre, Oxy and Post-combustion
technologies
• 90% capture and 99% purity
achieved on coal & gas
• Full CCS chain demonstrated
• Ready for large-scale
deployment
Storage
Depleted Oil and Gas fields
Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery
Saline Aquifers
16

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Particulate control – Electrostatic Precipitator
(ESP)
IMPROVED COST BASIS

• Lower capital cost through more compact

sizing
• 233+ GW installed in power
• Lower power consumption by minimum 5%
generation
thanks to best-in-class controllers
• Effective Cleaning System
design with robust tumbling
hammer LOWERING ENVIRONMENTAL
FOOTPRINT
• Best-in-Class Integrated ESP
Control systems: 3rd • > 99.95% removal efficiency
Generation Intelligent • <10 mg/Nm3 emissions
Controller (EPIC III)

• Switch Integrated INCREASING FLEXIBILITY

Rectifiers (SIR) for
increasing power input into
& RELIABILITY
ESPs • Largest fuel flexibility, including heavy fuel
oils
• Constant efficiency for varying boiler load
conditions
Shoaiba, Saudi Arabia

Largest reference base on a variety of fuels

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Particulate control – Fabric Filters (FF)

IMPROVED COST BASIS

• Lower Capital Cost with tall bag designs of up

to 12 m
• 46+ GW installed in Power • Lower auxiliary consumption like compressed
on a stand-alone basis air
• Renowned Optipulse®
filtration technology with
gravimetric flow LOWERING ENVIRONMENTAL
FOOTPRINT
• Optipow® plunger valves
for efficient bag cleaning • > 99.97% removal efficiency
• High PM10 & PM2.5 removal efficiency
• Standalone applications • < 5 mg/Nm3 emissions
• or Integrated at the down
stream of SDA, NIDTM,
AbartTM, Mer-CureTM, INCREASING FLEXIBILITY
FilsorptionTM & RELIABILITY

• Largest fuel flexibility and ability to handle

varying boiler loads
Manjung, Malaysia • Bag life of 5+ years achieved

Consistent lower compliant costs for dynamic process requirements

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SPS Boilers -Fuel Flexibility
Specialist experience World Class Products Specialist experience

Tamuin
Mailiao

Fiddlers’ Ferry* Niederaussem K

Drax* Patnow II Waigaoqiao II and III Shoaiba
Amer* Maritza East RDK 8 Chalk Point 3
(*Biomass Co-firing) Belchatow II Westfalen D/E Ravenswood 3
Neurath F/G Iatan Pittsburgh 7
Comanche 3 LaSpezia 4 Tonghae,
Pee Dee Narva Luohuang
Manjung 4 Yanbu 3
Tanjung Bin 4

Pulverized Coal
Circulating Fluidized Bed

Expertise & world class products for a broad fuel spectrum

*Oil-fired boiler
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Narva, 2 x 300 MWe, Estonia

2 x 300 MW CFB Plant

Customer
• Narva Elektrijaamad AS

Product
• 2 x 300MWe Oil Shale and Biomass-fired
power plant – Circulating Fluidised Bed Boiler

Scope
• Full turnkey power block

Benefits
• Plant efficiency
• Reduction in emissions:
• SOX 200mg/Nm3
• NOX 150mg/Nm3
• Particulates 10mg/Nm3

Plant adapted to local Fuel with Biomass and Operational flexibility

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CFB Boilers
Key features and benefits

Features: Benefits:

• Low furnace • Low NOx

temperature • Low SO2
• Fuel flexibility

• Hot • Handles low grade

circulating fuels
solids • Simple feed system

• Long solids • Good fuel burnout

residence time • Good sorbent
utilisation

High combustion efficiency with low emissions

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CFB advantages local and high ash coals

Advantage 1 : Fuel flexibility

CFB technology is able to burn a wide range of fuels:
• CFB less sensitive to coal variations than a PC boiler
residence time of the fuel particles is longer in CFB than PC
(10 to 15mn for CFB against a few seconds for PC),
• Residence time ensures the combustion performance
CFB is the practical response to variation of coal
characteristics (moisture, ash, sulfur, …).

CFB self-adaptation to coal variation makes it trouble-free for operators

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CFB advantages local and high ash coals

Advantage 2 : CFB is designed for high ash fuels

CFB suitable for high ash content fuel :
1) Low velocity in the CFB furnace compared to the PC (6 m/s
against 15 m/s) prevents excessive erosion in the furnace,
2) CFB does not require mills, which need to be significantly
oversized to resist to the abrasiveness of the ash,
3) CFB, 50 % of the ash is extracted as Bottom Ash and 50 % as Fly
Ash. In a CFB the back pass is much less exposed to wear than
in a PC.

CFB is more suitable than PC for Ekibastuz high ash content coal

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CFB advantages local and high ash coals

Advantage 3 : Low NOx emissions

The NOx emissions are combustion temperature
dependent, therefore the low bed temperature of
850°C in the CFB boilers is a serious advantage
compared to the >~1 100°C in the PC boilers.
=> GE CFB can meet the NOx limit at 200 mg/Nm3
without any additional equipment (SNCR, SCR)

CFB technology has naturally low Nox emissions

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CFB advantages local and high ash coals

Advantage 4 : In-furnace sulfur capture, low SO2 emissions

In CFB, the sulfur capture is done by in-furnace limestone
injection,
=> GE CFB can meet the SO2 emission limit at 200
mg/Nm3 without additional equipment like FDG.
The chemical reactions result in gypsum:
• CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
• CaO + SO2 + ½ O2 -> Ca SO4
This byproduct is almost neutral and can be disposed or
used in various industries like cement production,

CFB technology does SO2 capture in the boiler

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Conclusion

GE invests in low Emissions Coal, Gas and Renewables

• Coal is a Growing fuel for many Growing ecomonies

• GE Technology adapted to market conditions

• CFB has benefits for High Ash coal

• We adapt to the needs of Kazakhstan

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Questions & Discussion