Every accomplishment starts with

the decision to TRY

REMINDERS!!! MODULE 1 - Introduction

 Listen attentively OBJECTIVES:
 Participate in the class
discussion
At the end of the lesson, the
students will be able to:

 define basic terms in

librarianship; and
 illustrate the
philosophy and
ethics of librarianship
Every accomplishment starts with
the decision to TRY

REMINDERS!!! MODULE 1 - Introduction

 Listen attentively Scope
 Participate in the class  Introduction of the Course
discussion • Course Content
• Course Requirements
 Vision, Mission, Goals and
Objectives
• Mindanao State University
• College of Social Sciences and
Humanities
• Department of Library and
Information Science
 Definition of Terms in Librarianship
• Philosophy of Librarianship
• Ethics of Librarianship
Every accomplishment starts with
the decision to TRY

REMINDERS!!! MODULE 1 - Introduction

 Listen attentively LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Participate in the class
discussion  Demonstrate awareness of the
course, its content and
requirements;
 Exemplify the VMGO of the
University, the College and the
Department;
 Recognize basic terms in
librarianship; and
 Discuss the background of
Librarianship Education in the
country and abroad.
What is Library and Information Science?
 Library and Information Science (LIS) is a merging of library science and
information science.
 The joint term is associated with schools of library and information science
(abbreviated to "SLIS").
 In the last part of 1960s, schools of librarianship, which generally
developed from professional training programs (not academic disciplines)
to university institutions during the second half of the 20th century, began
to add the term "information science" to their names.
 The first school to do this was the University of Pittsburgh in 1964. More
schools followed during the 1970s and 1980s, and by the 1990s almost all
library schools in the USA had added information science to their names.
(Rayward, W. B., ed, 2004).
Relations between library science, information
science and LIS
 There is no generally agreed-upon distinction between the terms library
science, librarianship, and library and information science, and to a certain
extent they are interchangeable, perhaps differing most significantly in
connotation.
 The term library and information science (LIS) is most often used; most
librarians consider it as only a terminological variation, intended to
emphasize the scientific and technical foundations of the subject and its
relationship with information science.
 LIS should not be confused with information theory, the mathematical
study of the concept of information.
 Library and information science can also be seen as an integration of the
two fields, library science and information science, which were separate at
one point.
Library and Information Science (LIS)
Specialization
 Librarians not only manage collections, they evaluate, analyze,
organize, package, present information and train people in
its use.
 The LIS specialization introduces students to research, theories, and
approaches, as well as the practices of library and information science.
 LIS students develop knowledge of information representation and
organization, information architecture, content and collections,
information needs and uses, and information technology.
(https://www.si.umich.edu/academics/msi/library-and-information-science-lis)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Information
 knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction.
all ideas, facts and imaginative works of the mind which have been
communicated, recorded, published and/or distributed formally or informally in
any format (Heartstill, 1982).
Information Retrieval
 the process of searching, locating and retrieving data from a file.
Synonymous with data retrieval (Heartstill, 1982).
Information Science
 the study of the creation, use and management of information in all its forms
(Heartstill, 1982).
Information Specialist
 one who is highly competent or knowledgeable in the content of documents
in a particular field (Heartstill, 1982).
Information Technology
 the application of computers and other technology to the acquisition,
organization, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information (Heartstill,
1982).
Library
 a collection of materials organized to provide physical, bibliographic and
Intellectual access to a target group, with a staff that is trained to provide
services and programs related to the information needs of the target group
(Heartstill, 1982).
Librarian
 a person responsible for the administration of a library (Heartstill, 1982).
Librarianship
 the profession concerned with the application of knowledge of media and
those theories, techniques and technologies which contribute to the
establishment, preservation and utilization of collection of library, and
dissemination of information thru media (Heartstill, 1982).
Library materials
 materials, of all physical substance and formats, acquired by a library to
constitute its library collection. Devices for reading, viewing or hearing the
informational content of materials are excluded (Heartstill, 1982).
Library Science
 the knowledge and skill by which information is selected, acquired,
organized and utilized in meeting the information demands and needs of a
community of users (Heartstill, 1982).
Library Services
 a generic term for all of the activities performed and programs offered by
libraries in meeting the information needs of their target group (Heartstill,
1982).
Library User
 a person who uses library materials or services. Preferred to the term
reader, since library collections include materials that may be read, viewed
or listened to, and to the term patron, which demotes a library advocate or
supporter (Heartstill, 1982).
FIVE LAWS OF LIBRARY SCIENCE
The Five laws of library science is a theory
proposed by S. R. Ranganathan in 1931,
detailing with the principles of operating a
library system. Many librarians worldwide
accept them as the foundations of their
philosophy.
First Law: Books are for use.
 The first law constitutes the basis for the library services.
 Dr. Ranganathan observed that books were often chained to prevent their
removal and that the emphasis was on storage and preservation rather
than use.
 He did not reject the notion that preservation and storage were important,
but he asserted that the purpose of such activities was to promote use.
 Without user access to materials, there is little value in these items.

The first law of library science “books are for use” means that
books in libraries are not meant to be shut away from its users.
Second Law: Every reader his/her book
 This law suggests that every member of the community should be able to
obtain materials needed.
 Dr. Ranganathan felt that all individuals from all social environments were
entitled to library service, and that the basis of library use was education, to
which all were entitled.
 Collections should meet the special interests of the community, and libraries
should promote and advertise their services extensively to attract a wide
range of readers

The second law of library science "every reader his/her book"

means that librarians serve a wide collection of patrons, acquire literature to
fit a vast collection of needs, do not judge what specific patrons choose to
read. Everyone has different tastes and differences and these should be
respected.
Third Law: Every book its reader.

 This principle is closely related to the second law, but it focuses on the
item itself, suggesting that each item in a library has an individual or
individuals who would find that item useful.
 Dr. Ranganathan argued that the library could devise many methods to
ensure that each item finds its appropriate reader.
 One method involved the basic rules for access to the collection, most
notably the need for open shelving.

The third law of library science "every book its reader"

means a library's books have a place in the library even if only a few
users might choose to read it.
Fourth Law: Save the time of the reader.
 This law is a recognition that part of the excellence of library service is its
ability to meet the needs of the library user efficiently.
 To this end, Dr. Ranganathan recommended the use of appropriate
business methods to improve library management.
 He observed that centralizing the library collection in one location
provided distinct advantages.
 He also noted that excellent staff would not only include those who
possess strong reference skills, but also strong technical skills in
cataloging, cross-referencing, ordering, accessioning, and the circulation
of materials.

The fourth law of library science "save the time of the user"
means that all patrons should be able to easily locate the materials they
desire quickly and efficiently.
Fifth Law: The library is a growing organism.
 This law focused more on the need for internal change than on changes in
the environment itself.
 Dr. Ranganathan argued that library organizations must accommodate
growth in staff, the physical collection, and patron use.
 This involves allowing for growth in the physical building, reading areas,
shelving, and in space for the catalog.

The fifth law of library science "the library is a growing

organism" means that a library should be a continually changing
institution, never static in its outlook. Books, methods, and the physical
library should be updated over time.

(Koehler, Wallace, Jitka Hurych, Wanda Dole, and Joanna Wall, 2000) and
Rubin, Richard E. Foundations of Library and Information Science, 2004).
PHILOSOPHY OF LIBRARIANSHIP
 Philosophy means an inquiry into truth.
 Philosophy of a subject denotes the principle
underlying it.
 The science of a subject then means the conscious
collection of facts and data.
 So, philosophy is concerned with the abstract principles
of a subject while science deals mainly with concrete
data and facts.
 As such, “Philosophy of Librarianship” means its
aims, functions, and purposes.
Need of Philosophy for Librarianship
 Of late, there has been a lot of discussions and heart-
searching about the desirability or otherwise of a philosophy
for librarianship.
 Some people would simply dismiss the idea by saying that it
is beyond the reach of librarians.
 Others would say that librarianship, being a practical
subject, needs no philosophy.
The Philosophy of Librarianship should
include the following:
1. Fountain of Truth
 A library is a repository of wisdom of great thinkers of the past and the
present. It makes it available in the shape of books.
 Its motto should be to serve as a “fountain of truth”.
 Librarians’ aim should be not only to satisfy the demands of the existing
thinkers and the seekers of truth but they should work hard to create and
sustain people’s interest.
2. Access to the Best Thought of the World
 It should be an ideal of librarians to afford the readers an access to the
best thought of the world so they may develop their personality to the full
by putting into practice the best ideas given by great thinkers.
 The motto should be “impersonal service” in a most impersonal way.

3. Market Place of Ideas

 It is said that the World War II was won by the libraries in United States.
 It implies that the libraries served as “market places” for imbibing new
ideas and thus proper public opinion was formed in order to win the war.
 The libraries should serve as “Intellectual Service Stations”.
 Latest reading materials should be accessible to the people/user/patron.
4. Service of the Community
 The motto of librarians should be “Service Before Self”.
 In other words, a librarian should sacrifice his everything for serving his
clientele.
 The librarians philosophy should also be conditioned by this kind of
attitude.

5. Constructive Use of Leisure Time

 Librarians have got the responsibility of providing facilities to the citizens to
make the best use of their leisure time which is otherwise wasted in
superfluous pursuits.
 They can channelize the energies of the people in the right directions by
converting them into potential readers.
6. Creating Reading Habit
 Librarians are persons who create interest among their readers by his subtle
methods. Their success can be measured in these terms only.
 Reading of books will enlighten the readers who have to became the
leaders of tomorrow. So, they should be provided with the proper type of
food in the form of reading materials.
 Those librarians who neglect their existing client’s need would prove very
harmful to the profession and the society.

7. Self-education
 A library’s purpose should be to provide self-education instead of formal
education which is the function of the schools, colleges and universities.
 Fulfillment of this function of a library is very essential if the tempo of
literacy achieved through formal schooling is to be maintained.
8. Love of Books

 A library consists of the trio: Books, Readers and Staff.

 Their communion is most essential if the purpose of a library is to be
fulfilled.
 A librarian, who does not love books, cannot become a successful
librarian.
 A person who is not well-read and has no research inclination, cannot
prove to be a good librarian.
 Love of books also implies that the librarian treats the books, though
inanimate, sympathetically.
 In other words, he should take proper steps to protect the book from book
worms and other enemies of the book.
It can be classified into two:

A. Love of Humanity
 it is meant that the librarian really gets pleasure in knowing the readers.
 The librarian should try to understand the psychology of his readers in a
sympathetic manner instead of brushing aside the real problems by
saying that these are mere pretensions.
 Further, the librarian should consider all the readers alike without any
distinction of caste, creed, sex or religion.

B. Love of Knowledge
 third element of a library is its staff.
 The librarian should himself be a learned person.
 He should basically feel pleasure in attaining knowledge and should try
to advance the knowledge of his readers by giving the right type of
interpretations.
 He should respect those people who are knowledge-seekers.
ETHICS OF LIBRARIANSHIP
 The word ethics is derived from “Ethos” – a Greek
word which means customs or character.
 Ethics is a science of morals.
 It is that branch of philosophy which is concerned
with human character and conduct.
Five Ethics of Librarianship

1. Duty to the Readers

 A librarian is called “the guide,” “the philosopher,” and “the
friend” of the uninitiated and the scholar alike.
 It is the religious duty of a librarian to acquaint himself as much as
he can do with the books and other kindred materials of his library
so that he may guide the readers properly because only an
enlightened person can enlighten others.
2. Duty to the Books

 Books – the lifeblood of great thinkers of the past and the present – are
the essential constituents of a library.
 Without these a library cannot come into existence.
 A book may be compared to a human being. Like a human, it has a soul and
a body.
 As regard his duty to the soul of the book, a librarian must try his best to
make known its contents to the existing prospective and potential readers,
otherwise he will be cursed by the book for his negligence.
 In short, the duty of a librarian towards the book is two-fold that is:
 the preservation of a book
 putting it to maximum use.
3. Duty to the Profession
 A librarian is a trustee for the prestige and the dignity of the profession.
 A librarian should never use disparaging words against his predecessors
and other professional brethren in the presence of his readers because it
will ultimately give a very poor impression about this noble profession.
4. Duty to the Staff
 Each member of the staff should be regarded by the librarian as a colleague
and should be encouraged to realize that his word is essential for the
smooth working of the whole establishment.

5. Duty to Himself
 Duty of a librarian to himself means the acquaintance of a librarian with
those books with which he is there for to serve his clientele.
 He must know something of everything so that he may fulfill his duty to
himself in a befitting manner.
 His conduct must be enviable and he must treat his clientele with sympathy
and love.
“MUST” for a Librarian
A librarian to be a successful professional must keep burning the “Seven
Lamps of Conduct”.

1. Impersonal book selection

 A librarian must select books without any prejudice.
 He should not accept the books if these are below standard.
 He should not reject books on the basis of his personal dislike of the authors of
the books.

2. Service before self

 “Service before self” must be the motto of a librarian since he is there not for
himself but is a means to an end _ that is fulfillment of the reading
requirements of his readers.
3. Split-mind
 A librarian must have a split-mind.
 In other words:
 he should be capable of keeping alive that unfulfilled demands of his
readers in his mind until he fulfills the same; and
 he should be capable of attending to many inquiries at a time. He
must have an active mind.

4. Sympathetic behavior
 A librarian must have a sympathetic attitude towards the readers and
should try to inculcate self-confidence among them.
 He should treat them in such a manner that he becomes a lovable
personality.
5. Tact
 A librarian must be tactful, otherwise he will find it difficult to succeed
since he has to deal with various types of human beings.

6. Industry
 A librarian’s job is not a “bed of roses”.
 It demands hard labor and perseverance.
 A librarian must be industrious and patient in his disposition and nature.

7. Scholarship
 The last but not the least, a librarian must be a scholar himself first, so
that he may serve as a guide to others in the true sense of the word
“Guide”.
 His scholarship should attract research workers toward his library and
himself.
Exercise No. 2
Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives of the
following:
Mindanao State University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of Library and Information Science
Exercise No. 3
Five Laws of Library Science by S.R.
Ranganathan
Exercise No. 4
Trace the historical background of Books,
Libraries and Librarianship.