Grammar and Beyond 2e,

Level 4 Scope and Sequence

Unit Theme Grammar Topics

PART 1 Social Responsibility Cause and Effect
UNIT 1 Cause and Effect 1: The Sentence Structure; Common Sentence Structure: Simple and
page 2 Environment and You Patterns with Nouns That Compound Sentences (p. 4)
Show Cause Complex Sentences (p. 8)
Common Patterns with Nouns
That Show Cause (p. 11)

UNIT 2 Cause and Effect 2: Subordinators and Subordinators and Prepositions

page 18 Consumer Behavior Prepositions That Show That Show Cause, Reason, or
Cause; Transition Words and Purpose (p. 20)
Common Patterns with Nouns Transition Words and Phrases
That Show Effect That Show Effect (p. 23)
Common Patterns with Nouns
That Show Effect (p. 26)

UNIT 3 Cause and Effect 3: Social Real and Unreal Conditionals; Present and Future Real
page 34 Responsibility Common Phrases with If Conditionals (p. 36)
and Unless Present and Future Unreal
Conditionals (p. 40)
Common Phrases with Unless
and If (p. 43)

UNIT 4 Cause and Effect 4: -ing Participle Phrases and -ing Participle Phrases That
page 50 Alternative Energy Sources Verbs That Show Cause Show Effect (p. 52)
and Effect -ing Participle Phrases That
Show Cause (p. 54)
Verbs That Show Cause and
Effect (p. 56)

iv    Scope and Sequence

Avoid Common Mistakes Academic Writing

Avoiding fragments; avoiding cuz and coz in written About thesis statements
academic English; avoiding beginning sentences with Write an introductory paragraph
and in written academic English Avoid fragments with because

Remembering the correct preposition in expressions About hooks

with cause, result, and effect; remembering of in Write an introductory paragraph
because of

Remembering the base form of the verb following a About paragraph order
modal; remembering the correct form of the modal in Write an introductory and three body paragraphs
real and unreal conditionals Avoid using the pronoun you

Remembering to use result in and result from About paraphrasing

correctly; remembering subject-verb agreement with Write a cause and effect essay
contribute to Use quotations and references

Scope and Sequence  v

 Unit Theme Grammar Topics
PART 2 Human Behavior Comparison and Contrast
UNIT 5 Comparison and Identifying Relative Identifying Relative Clauses (p. 66)
page 64 Contrast 1: Family Size Clauses; Comparatives Comparatives with As . . . As (p. 70)
and Personality with As . . . As; Common Common Patterns That Show
Patterns That Show Contrast (p. 73)
Contrast

UNIT 6 Comparison and Complex Noun Phrases; Complex Noun Phrases (p. 82)
page 80 Contrast 2: Men, Women, Parallel Structure; Parallel Structure (p. 85)
and Equality Common Quantifiers Common Quantifiers (p. 88)

UNIT 7 Comparison and Comparative and Comparative and Superlative

page 96 Contrast 3: Family Values Superlative Adjectives Adjectives and Adverbs (p. 98)
in Different Cultures and Adverbs; Articles; Articles (p. 103)
Common Expressions That Common Expressions That Show
Show Similarity Similarity (p. 107)

UNIT 8 Comparison and Adverb Clauses of Adverb Clauses of Contrast and

page 114 Contrast 4: Intercultural Contrast and Concession; Concession (p. 116)
Communication Transition Words and Transition Words and Phrases That
Phrases That Show Show Contrast and Concession
Contrast and Concession (p. 119)
PART 3 Society and Culture Narrative
UNIT 9 Narrative 1: The American Past Perfect; Past Modals; Past Perfect and Past Perfect
page 128 Dream Common Time Clauses Progressive (p. 130)
Past Modals and Modal-like
Expressions (p. 133)
Common Time Clauses (p. 137)

UNIT 10 Narrative 2: Immigration Demonstratives; Common Demonstratives (p. 148)

page 146 Time Signals Common Time Signals (p. 151)

PART 4 Business Classification and

Definition
UNIT 11 Classification and The Passive; Common The Passive (p. 160)
page 158 Definition 1: Job Interviews Words and Phrases Used Common Words and Phrases Used
to Classify in Classification Writing (p. 164)

UNIT 12 Classification and The Language of The Language of Definition (p. 174)

page 172 Definition 2: Your Ideal Job Definition; Appositives Appositives (p. 177)

vi    Scope and Sequence

Avoid Common Mistakes Academic Writing

Avoiding omitting the relative pronoun in subject About topic sentences

relative clauses; avoiding the same than Write one body paragraph (block method)
Improving your internet searches

Remembering parallel structure About supporting details

Write one body paragraph (point-by-point method)
Avoid using the quantifiers a lot of and lots of

Avoiding using both more and -er in comparisons; About summarizing

avoiding using most before nouns; remembering the Write a comparison and contrast essay
in the same as Make personal stories more academic

Avoiding another in on the other hand; avoiding but About conclusions

in sentences with adverb clauses of concession Write a comparison and contrast essay
Academic email messages

Remembering to use the past participle with the past About sentence variety
perfect Write a narrative paragraph to illustrate a topic
Avoid the simple present in narratives

Remembering to use this/that with singular nouns About audience and purpose
and these/those with plural nouns Write a narrative essay
Avoid vague references

Remembering to put the adverb after the modal in About classifying

passive sentences Write an introductory and one body paragraph
Irregular plurals in academic writing

Remembering to use the correct form in definitions; About cohesive devices

remembering to use who only with animate nouns Write a classification and definition essay
Use thought-provoking questions

Scope and Sequence  vii

 Unit Theme Grammar Topics
PART 5 Nutrition and Health Problem–Solution
UNIT 13 Problem–Solution 1: Present Perfect and Present Present Perfect and Present
page 186 Food and Technology Perfect Progressive; Noun Phrase Perfect Progressive (p. 188)
Structures Common Noun Phrase Structures
(p. 192)

UNIT 14 Problem–Solution 2: Reporting Verbs; Adverb Clauses Reporting Verbs (p. 204)

page 202 Children and Health and Phrases with As; Vocabulary Adverb Clauses and Phrases with
for Describing Information in As (p. 207)
Graphics Common Vocabulary for
Describing Information in
Graphics (p. 210)

UNIT 15 Problem–Solution 3: Adverb Clauses and Infinitives Adverb Clauses of Purpose and
page 218 Health and of Purpose; Reduced Adverb Infinitives of Purpose (p. 220)
Technology Clauses; Vocabulary to Describe Reducing Adverb Clauses to
Problems and Solutions Phrases (p. 224)
Common Vocabulary to Describe
Problems and Solutions (p. 227)

UNIT 16 Problem–Solution 4: It Constructions; Transition Words It Constructions (p. 236)

page 234 Leading a Healthy Life to Indicate Steps of a Solution Common Transition Words to
Indicate Steps of a Solution
(p. 241)
PART 6 Social Issues and Summary–Response and
Technology Persuasion
UNIT 17 Summary–Response: Past Unreal Conditionals; Phrases Past Unreal Conditionals (p. 252)
page 250 Privacy in the Digital Used in Summary–Response Common Phrases Used in
Age Writing Summary–Response Writing
(p. 256)

UNIT 18 Persuasion 1: Violence Nonidentifying Relative Nonidentifying Relative Clauses

page 264 in the Media Clauses; Phrases That Limit (p. 266)
Overgeneralization Phrases That Limit
Overgeneralization (p. 270)

UNIT 19 Persuasion 2: Living in Noun Clauses with Wh- Words Noun Clauses with Wh- Words
page 278 an Age of Information and If / Whether; Phrases for and If / Whether (p. 280)
Overload Argumentation Phrases for Argumentation
(p. 283)

UNIT 20 Persuasion 3: Social Expressing Future Actions; Expressing Future Actions (p. 294)
page 292 Media Common Words and Phrases in Common Words and Phrases in
Persuasive Writing Persuasive Writing (p. 298)

viii    Scope and Sequence

Avoid Common Mistakes Academic Writing

Avoiding the plural with noncount nouns; avoiding About emphasizing the significance of a problem
this in the fact that Write two paragraphs describing a problem and
explaining its significance

Remembering to use the base form of be after About narrowing down a topic
modals in the passive Write two body paragraphs for a problem-solution
essay
Citing sources in academic writing

Avoiding the plural with for example; avoiding a About evaluating proposed solutions
comma before so that Write two paragraphs related to solutions
Use a thesaurus to build your vocabulary

Remembering to or for after impossible; avoiding About describing the steps of a solution
than to introduce next steps Write a problem-solution essay
Keep an error log

Remembering to use the past participle after modals About summary-response writing
in past unreal conditionals Write a two-paragraph summary-response
to an article
In fact

Remembering the relative pronoun in nonidentifying About the introductory paragraph to a persuasive
relative clauses; avoiding that in nonidentifying essay
relative clauses Write an introductory and two body paragraphs
Use adverbs to avoid overgeneralizations

Avoiding whether to express a condition; About presenting and refuting opposing views
remembering to spell whether correctly Write two body paragraphs of a persuasive essay
Using scare quotes

Remembering when to use the noun or verb forms About writing strong arguments
of claim and argue; avoiding according for and Write a persuasive essay
according with

ReferencesR1
AppendicesA1
Glossary of Grammar and Writing Terms G1
Index & Credits I1

Scope and Sequence  ix